以吹填砂为覆盖层的饱和软粘土地基强夯试验研究

针对某港区工程陆域不同区域的地质条件和工程荷载,进行了不同工艺的强夯试验,对夯坑周围地表变形、土体水平位移以及孔压的增长和消散进行了观测,并对强夯加固效果进行了试验研究。研究表明,采用强夯法加固以吹填砂为覆盖层的饱和软土地基是可行的,有效加固深度可达到6 ~7 m,吹填砂层厚度对有效夯击率和碎石土垫层的作用有显著影响。由于吹填砂层和淤泥质粘土层中的粉细砂薄层有利于孔隙水压力的消散,用强夯法处理该类地基时,如果设计加固深度较小时,可以不设置竖向排水体。通过对试验数据的分析研究,获得强夯法加固该类地基土的最佳强夯参数和施工工艺,并且认为选择强夯施工工艺应考虑吹填砂层厚度。     

软土地基的强夯处理

强夯对砂类土、填土等地基的加固处理,国内外已获得较好的效果。对软土,特别是淤泥、淤泥质粘性土,具有高压缩性,低强度和弱透水性等特点,能否采用强夯法来加固?这是建筑界很关心的问题。论文以上海虹桥附近某工程地基的强夯试验材料,详细介绍了地基土夯前、夯后一月及夯后半年的强度变化情况,对不同时期的地基土进行了占探、常规土工试验,静力触探、电测十字板抗剪强度试验,标准贯入试验、占孔注水试验及现场荷载试验等,在夯击过程中又进行了孔隙水压力的测定和分层沉降及侧向变形的测量等。根据大量的     

软土地基的强夯处理

强夯对砂类土、填土、一般粘性土等地基的加固处理,国内外已获得较好的效果。对软土,特别是淤泥、淤泥质粘性土,它具有高压缩性,低强度和弱透水性等特点。能否采用强夯法来加固软土地基,这是建筑工程界很关心的问题。我院在结合某工程的设计中,对软土     

广州清水濠建筑场地地基岩土的工程地质特征及基础施工建议

广州清水濠建筑场地的地基岩土自上而下为:人工填土(包括杂填土和素填土--粉质粘土),冲积层(包括淤泥质土、淤泥和中砂),残积层(粉质粘土)和风化基岩(白垩纪三水组泥岩,按风化的程度划分为强风化、中等风化和微风化带),属软弱土场地类型,总厚17.3～55.6m.根据地基岩土的工程地质特征及拟建建筑物对地基岩土的要求,认为人工填土层、冲积层、残积层和强风化泥岩均不宜作为基础的持力层;中等风化泥岩的天然湿度单轴抗压强度标准值为4.0MPa,可作为裙楼的桩端持力层;微风化泥岩的天然湿度单轴抗压强度标准值为9.0MPa,是拟建建筑物理想的基桩持力层.     

单管分喷旋喷注浆成桩技术

高压旋喷注浆成桩是一门新发展起来的软地基加固技术，它既能提高在粘土、亚钻土、砂类土及人工填土和淤泥层等软弱地基的承载力，又可对旧有建筑设施的地基产生不均匀沉降进行补强处理，受到建设单位的普遍好评。     

广州清水濠建筑场地地基岩土的工程地质特征及基础施工建议

广州清水濠建筑场的地基岩土自上而下为：人工填土（包括杂填土和素填土－－粉质粘土），冲积层（包括淤泥质土、淤泥和中砂），残积层（粉质粘土）和风化基岩（白垩纪三水组泥岩，按风化的程度划分为强风化、中等风化和微风化带），属软弱土场地类型，总厚17．3－55．6m。根据地基岩土的工程地质特征及拟建建筑物对地基岩土的要求，认为人工填土层、冲积层、残积层和强风化泥岩均不宜作为基础的持力层；中等风化泥岩的天然湿度单轴抗压强度标准值为4．0MPa，可作为裙楼的桩端持力层；微风化泥岩的天然湿度单轴抗压强度标准值为9．0MPa，是拟建建筑物理想的基桩持力层。     

东太湖堤线调整工程黏性吹填土特征

东太湖堤线调整大堤由黏性土水力吹填形成,填土中含大量鹅卵状土块.本文通过野外勘察、室内试验等方法初步研究分析黏性吹填土形成机理、内部结构特点、力学特性等.研究结果表明:吹填土体性质不均匀,鹅卵状土块土性较好,而重塑淤泥质黏土土性极差.黏性吹填土的渗透系数很小,固结所需时间长.其室内土工试验参数与现场实际不符,其原因是现...     

强夯法加固不同饱和土地基的比较试验研究

通过室内试验就中海石油炼化山东公司东营港（堆场区）场地的土性条件和加固前、加固后的变形和强度特征的变化进行了比较。此外,根据3个场地的现场实测资料的比较,分析了不同地层条件下强夯荷载作用引起的孔隙水压力的分布特征,最后研究强夯法加固饱和土地基的土性适用条件。     

库内层状软土地基的联合处理方法研究

介绍了利用重锤夯实法加固表层填土与排水固结法加固深层软土联合处理库内层状软土地基的方法,在填土静荷载和塑料排水板作用下淤泥质软土很快完成主固结沉降,重锤夯实法使表层填土受到动力压密,软土和填土强度得以提高.试验结果表明,排水固结过程中填土层的单位沉降量远小于淤泥质软土,重锤夯实法的有效加固深度可以达到地表下3.5 m,影响深度可达6.0 m.联合采用两种地基处理方法可以有效提高层状地基承载力.     

动静力排水固结法在淤泥质地基处理工程中的应用

以广州南沙泰山石化仓储区1期淤泥质地基处理工程为背景,介绍了采用动静力排水固结法处理促淤饱和软黏土地基的基本思想和工艺。该工程施工与现场实时监测相结合,利用孔隙水压力、土体分层沉降和载荷试验等检测指标对加固效果进行了监测和检测。工程实践表明,采取动力即低能量“少击多遍”的强夯施工工艺,辅以填土预压和设置竖向塑料排水板的静力方法来加固淤泥质地基,其效果明显,促淤地基的物理力学性能和抗变形性能显著提高,整体加固效果很好,工后各项指标完全达到或超过预期值。     

软粘土层上的油罐差异沉降

根据某一大型油罐软基加固处理工程方案设计和优选需要,按照离心模型相似律,开展了三组模型试验,分别模拟了天然地基、土工合成材料袋装碎石垫层和既在填土层中设置袋装碎石垫层又在淤泥质粘土层设置土工合成材料排水板三种情况,以研究这一加固布置形式对减小高压缩性软土层地基上油罐罐底的差异沉降效果反应。模型油罐地基采用原型土重塑制备,现场土工合成材料袋装碎石采用柔性机织玻璃纤维细管塞装粗砂条模拟,并在不停机运转条件下模拟了多次充放水预压加载。试验结果表明,油罐软弱地基经土工合成材料袋装碎石加固后,罐底总沉降值和差异沉降值均明显小于天然地基情形下对应的沉降值,罐底畸变得到显著减小,就本文所述的土质条件、土层厚度和预压荷载强度,地基经加固处理后,油罐罐底畸变减小了近50 %。最后就土工合成材料在加固油罐地基布置形式的合理性进行了初步探讨。     

Improvement of soft clay using installation of geosynthetic-encased stone columns: numerical study

The use of geosynthetic-encased stone columns as a method for soft soil treatment is extensively used to increase the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of raft foundations and the foundation of structures like embankments. Pre-strain is an effect occurring in the encasement during stone column installation due to the compaction of the stone material. The present study uses the finite element program Plaxis to perform a numerical analysis of the soft clay bed reinforced by geosynthetic-encased stone columns. An idealization is proposed for simulation of installation of geosynthetic-encased stone columns in soft clay based on the unit-cell concept. In the analyses, initially, the validity of the analysis of the single column-reinforced soil in the unit-cell model was performed through comparison with the group columns. Then, by considering a unit-cell model, the finite element analyses were carried out to evaluate the stiffness of the reinforced ground to estimate the settlement. The results of the analyses show that the improved stiffness of the encased stone column is not only due to the confining pressure offered by the geosynthetic after loading, but the initial strain of the geosynthetic that occurred during installation also contributes to the enhancement of the stiffness of the stone column and the reduction of the settlement.     

北京市轨道交通基坑工程地表变形特性

根据基坑开挖深度、地层条件的不同,对北京市轨道交通80个明挖顺作法基坑工程实测结果进行统计分析,研究确定北京砂卵石和黏性土地区深基坑开挖引起的周边地表变形规律。研究表明：基坑工程周边地表最大变形的实测结果分布形态为正态分布或半整体分布,地表沉降变形值较大;最大地表沉降的平均值约为砂卵石地区0.11%H（H为开挖深度）,黏性土地区0.20%H;地表变形与桩体向基坑内、外的水平位移值有一定的对应关系;地表沉降随插入比的增大而减小,黏性土地区基坑支撑系统刚度对地表沉降有明显的影响;北京地区基坑工程周边主要影响区约为0.6H或0.7H范围以内。研究成果可对未来北京及其他地区城市轨道交通基坑工程变形大小、安全性的预测和评估、指导基坑工程设计与施工和对防止基坑事故的发生等具有重要意义。     

湖北武汉白沙洲隐伏岩溶区地质结构与岩溶塌陷分类

武汉市可溶岩大多隐伏于第四系土层及白垩—古近系红层下部,可溶岩分布地区地质结构与岩溶地面塌陷关系密切,已发生的岩溶地面塌陷中上黏下砂地质结构占绝大部分。以白沙洲岩溶条带长江两岸为研究区,根据盖层黏性土、砂性土、软弱土、非可溶岩（红层）的上下叠置关系及地面塌陷特征,将可溶岩分布区地质结构划分为3类、5型;岩溶塌陷的实质是土体塌陷,在岩溶区地质结构研究的基础上,根据土体物理力学特征差异,受力后塌陷过程中土颗粒的运移方式,即黏土块体塌落、砂颗粒漏失、软弱土流失,系统将研究区岩溶塌陷机理分为土洞型、沙漏型、泥流型3类,同时也存在多种类型复合型岩溶塌陷。     

基于沉降速率比法计算淤泥质黏土沉降的修正方法

基于太沙基固结理论和淤泥质黏土的沉降规律,综合考虑瞬时沉降、主-次固结沉降各阶段的影响,提出了一种基于沉降速率比法计算淤泥质黏土沉降的修正方法。该方法仅需要对前期沉降速率进行最小二乘法分析,求得固结系数,从而可对淤泥质黏土沉降全过程进行预测。工程实例表明,该方法预测沉降量与实测值吻合很好,可为同类工程提供参考。     

大兴安岭北部霍拉河盆地季节融化层的研究

大兴安岭北部霍拉河盆地季节融化层的特征受气温的控制,并随地面条件、含水量和土质的不同而变化。最大季节融化深度,在土类相同时,裸露的比有植被和雪盖的深0.4—0.5m;土类不同时,卵砾石的最大,碎石亚粘土、亚粘土和草炭亚粘土的分别为卵砾石的0.65、0.5和0.4倍。年平均地温为-0.1℃的季节融化层比年平均地温为0——0.5℃的约提前2—3个月消失。回冻融化层中的地下冰与青藏高原相比,不甚发育,冻土构造主要呈整体状、微层状和裂隙状。     

Numerical analysis of the installation effects on the behaviour of soft clay improved by stone columns

This paper addresses the installation effects of stone columns in soft soils. Focus is made on the lateral expansion of stone material using the vibro displacement and substitution techniques by means of numerical simulations. The behaviour of reinforced soil after stone column installation is investigated to show how the properties of soft soils can be improved prior to final loading. The effect of such an improvement on the prediction of reinforced soil settlement is evaluated. The axisymmetric unit cell model (UCM) served for the comparison between numerical predictions made by the Mohr-Coulomb and hardening soil constitutive laws adopted for the soft soil. An equivalent group of end bearing columns model was investigated in the axisymmetric condition to predict the settlement of reinforced soil by adopting the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model for soft clay. The reduction of settlements predicted by the unit cell and group of columns models, due the improvement of the Young’s modulus of soft clay, were compared. It is concluded that a significant reduction of settlement is expected when the group of columns model is considered.     

砂土地基和粉质黏土地基基坑悬臂开挖离心模型试验

分别开展砂土和粉质黏土两种典型土质条件下基坑悬臂式开挖离心模型试验,详细叙述试验过程中所要解决的关键问题,并提出合理的解决方案。通过对比分析两组试验结果,得到以下结论：非饱和土地基制备中参数控制困难,分层夯实法有待进一步改进,而砂雨法制备的砂土地基参数可控性更好;两组试验的结果有差异,砂土地基试验所呈现的土压力、地基变形、支护弯矩的变化规律更好,因此,岩土离心试验可适当考虑以砂土代替非饱和土;对于采用悬臂式支护结构的基坑,开挖引起的地表沉降曲线在砂土中呈指数型,而在粉质黏土中呈直线型;开挖引起的粉质黏土地基土体位移范围较砂土地基更大;开挖引起的砂土中挡墙弯矩较粉质黏土更大,砂土和粉质黏土中最大弯矩位置都随开挖逐渐下移;在砂土试验中开挖引起主动区土压力各处均减小,而在粉质黏土试验中开挖引起土压力在挡墙底有增大趋势。该基坑工程离心模型试验过程及数据处理方法可为进一步试验提供参考。     

Experimental Studies on Behaviour of Stone Columns in Layered Soils

Stone columns are found to be effective and economical ground improvement technique in soft grounds. Understanding its behaviour when they are installed in stratified soils, in particular when the upper layer consists of weak soil, will be of great practical significance. This paper presents results from a series of laboratory plate load tests carried out in unit cell tanks to investigate the behaviour of stone columns in layered soils, consisting of weak soft clay overlying a relatively stronger silty soil, for various thicknesses of the top layer. Tests were carried out with two types of loading (1) the entire area in the unit cell tank loaded, to estimate the stiffness of improved ground and (2) only the stone column loaded, to estimate the limiting axial capacity. Laboratory tests were carried out on a column of 90 mm diameter surrounded by layered soil, for an area ratio of 15%. It is found that the depth of top weak layer thickness has a significant influence on the stiffness, load bearing capacity and bulging behavior of stone columns.     

Settlement evaluation of soft clay reinforced with stone columns using the equivalent secant modulus

A method is proposed to evaluate settlement of soft clay reinforced with stone columns. Finite element analyses were carried out using 15-noded triangular elements with PLAXIS. A drained analysis was carried out using Mohr?CCoulomb??s criterion for soft clay, stones, and sand. The stress due to column installation has been considered in the analysis. At the interface between the stone column and soft clay, interface elements have been used. The settlement ratio (SR) of the soil has been estimated using the equivalent secant modulus. The results are compared with those available in the literature, and the advantages of the numerical analysis were highlighted. Based on the results of this analysis, the SR decrease with compaction surrounding soft soil, but decrease of SR is mainly due to a stiffer column material in soft clay.