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以油页岩灰渣制备的水玻璃为原料,结合传统沉淀法和热风干燥工艺成功地制备了白炭黑。实验过程中研究了各种因素对白炭黑性质的影响,并确定了白炭黑的最佳制备工艺:水玻璃中w(SiO2)为8.1%、c(H2SO4)为1.5 mol/L,陈化时间为8 h,反应温度为70~80 ℃,pH值为8.0。透射电镜分析结果表明:采用热风干燥技术制备的白炭黑平均粒径约为50 nm,而且团聚体较少,性能优于烘箱干燥制备的白炭黑。 相似文献
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硅橡胶作为特种橡胶体系的一个重要成员,以其耐高温、耐寒、耐候及电气特性等优良品质得到国防、航天航空、电子、医疗卫生等行业的青睐[1]。然而,目前工业上主要采用价格昂贵的气相白炭黑作硅橡胶的增强剂,使硅橡胶制品成本偏高,限制了硅橡胶的普及应用,阻碍了硅... 相似文献
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在与传统白炭黑对比研究的基础上,利用TEM和氮吸附法对纳米纤维状白炭黑(MLD为92.73%)进行研究,主要讨论了纳米纤维状白炭黑多孔结构的成因、孔径大小、孔分布及孔类型等特征分析表明:纤蛇纹石中氢氧镁石八面体层被酸溶蚀和硅氧四面体层的塌陷是导致这种白炭黑具有多孔纳米纤维结构的直接原因。这种白碳黑的长度为微米级或纳米级,其孔隙以小于6.5nm的中孔为主,其中又以孔径2.1nm和3.8nm处的孔隙数量最多。它有两种孔隙类型:纤维上的孔隙和纤维的堆积孔隙。纤维上的孔隙包括SiO2微粒间的孔隙、其聚结体间的孔隙、残余纳米管的管道和毛细… 相似文献
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采用微波等离子体化学气相沉淀法合成了单晶金刚石膜,探索了化学气相沉淀法(CVD)单晶金刚石膜的生长机理。实验仪器采用石英管式微波等离子体化学气相沉积装置,种晶为3颗IaAB型天然金刚石原石,生长面近平行于(111)和(110)方向,生长温度为800℃,压力约为6kPa,时间约为8h。使用宝石显微镜和环境扫描电子显微镜观察分析了CVD单晶金刚石膜的生长表面形貌。结果表明,在生长面上可见明显的生长层,生长晶体无色透明,CVD单晶金刚石膜在生长面上横向外延生长,并形成定向的台阶状表面——“阶梯流”。在相同的条件下,(111)方向上生长的CVD单晶金刚石膜比(110)方向上的更有序。H2浓度的大小对CVD单晶金刚石膜的质量有影响。 相似文献
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纳米纤维状白炭黑的孔隙特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在与传统白炭黑对比研究基础上,利用TEM、XRD、FT_IR和氮吸附法对纳米纤维状白炭黑(MLD为92.73%)进行研究,主要讨论了纳米纤维状白炭黑多孔结构的成因、孔径大小、孔分布及孔类型等特征。分析表明纤蛇纹石中氢氧镁石八面体层被酸溶蚀和硅氧四面体层的塌陷是导致这种白炭黑具有多孔纳米纤维结构的直接原因;有两种孔隙类型,即纤维上的孔隙和纤维的堆积孔隙;纤维上的孔隙包括SiO_2微粒间的孔隙、其聚结体间的孔隙、残余纳米管的管道和毛细管道;孔径2.1和3.8nm处的孔隙数量多,并且在纳米纤维(或管)上存在大量小于5nm左右的微孔。研究证明了在用于橡胶、塑料填充补强剂和催化剂载体等方面,纳米纤维状白炭黑更优于传统白炭黑。 相似文献
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利用非金属矿制备白炭黑现状及发展前景 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
简术了白炭黑的用途和制备方法,综述了利用非金属矿制备白炭黑的方法和技术现状,对充分利用非金属矿制备白炭黑提供思路并展望其发展前景。 相似文献
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N. S. Bortnikov A. D. Savko V. M. Novikov N. M. Boeva S. V. Soboleva E. A. Zhegallo D. I. Dmitriev A. V. Krainov A. P. Zhukhlistov E. B. Bushueva 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2016,51(6):425-438
This paper reports the results of our recent studies and generalizes previously known data on the geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of the Russia’s largest Latnenskoe refractory clay deposit. It is shown that conditions of its localization were defined by regional and local factors. The regional factors controlled the distribution of the clay raw material in the region, while the local factors were responsible for the genesis and composition of refractory clays of the Latnenskoe deposit. Our studies showed that the formation of refractory clays is not only related to terrigenous but also to authigenic processes of sedimentation. The terrigenous component of clays was formed by the erosion of kaolin weathering crusts of the Voronezh anteclise crystalline basement and Paleozoic sedimentary hydromica–kaolinite rocks. Authigenic processes were significantly contributed by organic matter, which determined the environmental pH and Eh parameters. It is established that the mineral matter of clays of the deposit is represented by three morphological modifications (crystalline, amorphous, and biomorphic), which were formed subsequently and (or) simultaneously and could be transformed into each other. Application of a complex of modern precision methods allowed us to reveal a previously unknown biomorphic modification of kaolinite, the major rock-forming mineral, as well as mixed-layer kaolinite-smectite in the clays. It is shown that the distribution of major and trace elements and the sulfur isotope composition in different technological types of clay depend mainly on the facies conditions of their formation. Technological properties of clay raw material are considered. 相似文献
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RUSSELL J. WHITE GLENN A. SPINELLI PETER S. MOZLEY NELIA W. DUNBAR 《Sedimentology》2011,58(5):1138-1154
A minor amount (ca 1 wt%) of amorphous silica cement sourced from volcanic glass inhibits consolidation of hemipelagic sediment approaching the Nankai Trough subduction zone throughout the Shikoku Basin. The distribution and nature of the cement were examined via secondary and backscattered electron imaging. The amorphous silica occurs as altered material in contact with volcanic glass, coating grains (including grain contacts) and filling pores. Based on chemical and petrographic evidence, the cement is probably sourced from volcanic glass; this is in contrast to a previous suggestion that this silica cement is sourced dominantly from biogenic silica. Amorphous silica sourced from disseminated volcanic glass shards has the ability to form a thin coating on clay‐dominated sediment throughout the Shikoku Basin. Measured amorphous silica content in hemipelagic sediments suggests that the cementing process is active throughout the Shikoku Basin (at sites separated by >500 km). The cementation process may occur in other locations where sediment containing hydrated disseminated volcanic glass is buried sufficiently for heat to facilitate alteration (i.e. Central America, Cascadia and the Gulf of Alaska). 相似文献
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Deep-sea biogenic silica: new structural and analytical data from infrared analysis - geological implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
François Fröhlich 《地学学报》1989,1(3):267-273
The main parameters of infrared spectra have been investigated for marine siliceous skeletons and for silica polymorphs. From infrared (IR)data, the mean values for the Si-O bond length (1.62 Å) and for the Si-O-Si angle (about 142°6) are inferred for biogenic silica. A model is proposed for the molecular structure of biogenic, amorphous silica, which consists of a discontinuous, three-dimensional framework of short chains of [SiO4 ] tetrahedra, bounded with apical hydroxyls. According to the relationship between the structure of the silica polymorphs and their infrared spectra, it is shown that a quantitative analysis of biogenic silica seems to be possible in quartz-rich sediments. Some geological implications of these data are emphasized, including the processes of siliceous skeleton sedimentation and diagenetic evolution. 相似文献
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试论钾盐矿床的成矿条件 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
钾盐是钾肥的主要原料。钾盐矿床一直是我国地质找矿的重点。世界钾盐矿床研究表明,钾盐矿床比其它盐类矿床需要更为“苛刻”的成矿条件,表现在大地构造条件、岩相古地理条件、气候条件、生物化学沉积条件、物源条件、干盐湖条件等。研究并总结世界钾盐矿床成矿条件,对在中国进一步找寻钾盐矿床具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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硅藻土开发应用及其进展 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
利用硅藻土的微米级形体、天然纳米孔和主要成分为非晶质硅藻壳等特殊构造与性质,开发多用途的纳米材料、微孔材料、改性剂及合成白炭黑等,应用于污水处理、环保建材、无机分离膜、杀虫剂、橡胶补强等领域,取得了良好的效果,其应用前景十分可观。 相似文献
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用废聚苯乙烯泡沫制备胶粘剂 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了回收废旧聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料制备PS胶粘剂的方法。以废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为主要原料,选择低毒性、相溶性好的有机溶剂,使其溶解,再与聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液共混,制得水包油乳液。加入不同改性材料,制得改性胶粘剂。 相似文献
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Viktoria K. Kis Tatyana Shumilova Victor Masaitis 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2016,43(9):661-670
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was applied for the detailed nanostructural investigation of Popigai impact diamonds with the aim of revealing the nature of the amorphous carbon of the matrix. The successful application of two complementary specimen preparation methods, focused ion beam (FIB) milling and mechanical cleavage, allowed direct imaging of nanotwinned nanodiamond crystals embedded in a native amorphous carbon matrix for the first time. Based on its stability under the electron beam, native amorphous carbon can be easily distinguished from the amorphous carbon layer produced by FIB milling during specimen preparation. Electron energy loss spectroscopy of the native amorphous carbon revealed the dominance of sp 2-bonded carbon and the presence of a small amount of oxygen. The heterogeneous size distribution and twin density of the nanodiamond crystals and the structural properties of the native amorphous carbon are presumably related to non-graphitic (organic) carbon precursor material. 相似文献
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利用富钾岩石提钾后的废渣代替硅酸钠 (钾 )、大部分高岭石和氢氧化钠 (钾 ) ,以粉煤灰为主要原料 ,制备出矿物聚合材料 ,并采用正交实验确定其优化工艺条件为 :煅烧高岭石用量为 10 %~ 15 % ,废渣用量约 35 % ,氢氧化钠用量为 5 %~ 6 %。代表性样品的 7d抗压强度可达到 4 0~ 5 0MPa ,耐酸性、耐碱性分别为 99.99%和 10 0 % ,密度1.77~ 1.88g/cm3 ,收缩率 0 .13%~ 0 .2 8% ,导热系数 0 .4 8~ 0 .5 1W/m·K ,平均硬度 3.4 3。X射线粉末衍射分析表明 ,由铝硅酸盐聚合反应形成的基体相呈非晶态。扫描电镜分析絮凝状的基体相与粉煤灰玻璃体结合紧密 ,从而为制品具备良好的力学性能提供了结构基础。该矿物聚合材料成本低廉 ,同时又能利用粉煤灰等工业固体废物而达到改善环境的目的 相似文献
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Surface chemistry and reactivity of biogenic silica 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The surface chemistry of cultured diatoms was compared to that of biosiliceous material in Southern Ocean sediments, using potentiometric titrations and aluminum adsorption experiments. Aerosil 200, a well-studied synthetic amorphous silica, served as reference solid. Surface charge development and aluminum adsorption on cultured diatom shells were comparable to Aerosil. The surface chemical properties of biosiliceous material buried to depths of 15-25 cm in Southern Ocean sediments, however, deviated markedly from those of the cultured diatoms. In pH range 4-8.5, the surface charge density was systematically lower for biogenic silica from the sediments. In addition, the aluminum adsorption edge on the biosiliceous sediments was shifted to higher pHs by about 0.4 units. The results indicate that ionizable surface silanol groups on diagenetically altered diatom shells are less abundant and, possibly, less acidic than on freshly cultured diatoms. The observed differences in surface chemical structure are consistent with the progressive loss of reactivity, or aging, of biogenic silica which promotes its preservation in sediments. 相似文献