以地貌单元为依据的工程地质分区研究——以武汉市都市发展区城市地质研究为例

第四纪时期的构造运动和气候变化等具有明显的阶段性特点,地貌单元即是阶段性地质演化的宏观体现。不同地貌单元的构成土体具有特定的岩性、成因、结构、构造等组合及水文地质特征。通过对武汉市地貌、第四纪地质特征(地层、成因、岩性等)及土体工程地质性质等综合调查,发现地貌单元对工程地质条件具有明显的宏观控制意义。进而提出一级地貌分区即地貌区可作为工程地质分区的依据,二级地貌分区即地貌成因类型单元可作为工程地质亚区的划分依据。据此原则,将武汉都市发展区划分出4个工程地质区和14个工程地质亚区。并根据不同地貌单元的第四纪沉积物岩性、成因及沉积环境对各个工程地质区和亚区的工程地质特性进行了讨论。     

安徽宣城市工程地质分区研究

为了配合宣城市新一轮的城市规划和建设,对宣城市进行了地质调查。在总结分析了宣城市的基本工程地质条件的基础上,根据对大量钻孔原位测试和岩土样品实验室资料的整理分析,对宣城市进行了工程地质分区,把宣城市分为:漫滩区(Ⅰ)、河间地块区(Ⅱ)、丘陵波状起伏区(Ⅲ)和低山、丘陵区(Ⅳ)4个工程地质区。又根据每个地质区的不同的工程地质特征,把4个地质区详细划分成11个亚区,并对每个分区和亚区的工程地质特征和场地特征进行了阐述和评价,为宣城市的地质问题的预测和治理、合理开发和社会经济发展提供服务。     

青藏公路沿线(小南川—安多)冻土工程地质图(1:20万)的编制原则和方法

本图编制的主要依据是冰土、地下冰的分布及土层含冰量的大小。采用三级区划原则,共分出三个冻土工程地质区,15个冻土工程地质亚区和43个不同类型的冻土工程地质地段。     

高原多年冻土地区遥感图像工程地质分区的探讨

简要叙述了利用遥感图像进行高原多年冻土工程地质分区的优越性,将高原多年冻土工程地质分区分为 3个大区和 10个亚区,着重叙述高原多年冻土工程地质分区判释特征,对判释特征进行了较系统的归纳,并以实例说明遥感工程地质分区判释在青藏铁路线方案比选中的作用。     

牡丹江市工程地质层组划分与分区研究

为实现地质工作有效服务城市建设与规划,通过调查和研究对牡丹江市市区地貌类型重新进行了划分和厘定;综合对比分析钻孔和测试数据,按"时代-成因-岩性"对市区50 m深度范围岩土体进行了工程地质层组划分,为牡丹江市工程地质勘察工作提供了统一的分层参照准则;最后,依据地貌成因、形态及岩土工程地质特征,对市区范围进行了工程地质分区.研究结果表明:1)牡丹江市地貌按成因类型可划分为5类,按形态类型可划分为7类;2)市区50 m深度范围内岩土体可划分为11个主层,30个亚层;3)市区范围内可划分出4个工程地质区和5个松散土体工程地质亚区.     

沿江丘陵平原工程地质分区研究——以安庆地区为例

长江中下游地区沿江丘陵平原地貌分布广泛且地质背景相似,开展单个地区的工程地质分区方法研究,对同类区域具有一定的借鉴意义。以安庆地区为例,提出一级分区以地貌类型,二级分区以岩土体类型、结构和重要工程地质层分布为划分原则的工程地质分区方法,将该区划分为5个工程地质区和14个工程地质亚区,并对各分区工程地质特性进行论述,旨在为同类区域水工环地质调查、城市地质调查研究提供参考。     

江苏徐州市区地基土工程地质分区及岩土工程问题

通过对徐州市区多年实际勘测资料的分析,依据地形、地貌、地基土沉积年代、成因类型等组合特征将徐州市区划分为四个工程地质区;研究了不同工程地质区域内不同地基土的物理、力学等工程地质特征;阐述了四个区存在的主要岩土工程地质问题,据此对该区勘察设计及地基处理方案提出建议。     

奉化江、姚江流域工程地质分区和工程地质问题

根据钻孔原位测试和岩土样品试验室分析结果,对奉化江、姚江面积约600km。流域的工程地质结构进行了研究,并对流域地表以下60m范围内进行了工程地质分区和工程地质问题探讨。结果表明：（1）全新统镇海组有3个工程地质层和5个亚层,上更新统宁波组有3个工程地质层和20个亚层,下伏基岩归入1个基岩工程地质层;（2）可选用的持力层为④1、④3-2、④3-3、⑤1、⑤3-1、⑤3-2、⑥1、⑥3-1、⑥3-2、⑥4工程地质亚层和基岩工程地质层,持力层地基承载力特征值fak≥160kPa;（3）流域内有两个硬土层,即岩性为粉质粘土的第一硬土层④1和第二硬土层⑤1;（4）根据各持力层的厚度和组合分布特征,研究区被划为6个工程地质分区,并提供了每一个工程地质分区的持力层、基础类型;（5）主要工程地质问题是地面沉降和软土震陷。     

新化梅苑经济开发区工程地质特征及分区

本文从水文地质条件、岩土力学性质等方面总结了新化县梅苑经济开发区的工程地质特征,在此基础上,将开发区划分为3个工程地质分区和5个亚区。其中准平原区适宜规划为主要城建工贸区,低丘陵区可作为公园风景区,河漫滩可规划为城市供水基地。     

南海珠江口盆地工程地质分区与评价

本文根据联合国开发计划署（UNDP）援华项目（CPR/85/044）资料撰写的。划分工程地质区及亚区的目的，在于了解区域工程地质条件的共性与差异性，以求在海洋开发中科学地利用和改造自然。本项研究是在大量地质-地球物理-土工测试基础上进行的，工作扎实，内容丰富，资料准确可靠。根据工程地质条件的相似性与差异性，将珠江口盆地划分为两个大区5个亚区，并研究了各区工程地质特征及主要问题。其中以中陆架混合土亚区工程地质条件最好，外陆架粗粒土亚区工程地质条件较好，上陆坡软土亚区工程地质条件最差，内陆架细粒土亚区和上陆架岩石、礁石亚区工程地质条件较差。本项研究成果为南海海洋开发与总体规划提供了科学依据，同时又促进了海洋工程地质科学的发展。     

四川广元市区域工程地质初步研究

根据1：5万区域地质调查资料，对研究区岩土体工程地质类型进行了划分，论述了各类岩土体工程地质的特征，在此基础上将测区划分为三个工程地质区，四个工程地质分区。研究了测区主要工程地质问题，提出了防治这些工程地质问题的措施。     

Upper cretaceous radiolarians of the East European platform and their biostratigraphic significance

Radiolarian assemblages from the Upper Cretaceous carbonate-cherty deposits of the East European platform are analyzed. Biostratigraphic subdivisions ranked as radiolarian beds are distinguished in sediments of the Moscow syneclise, Voronezh anteclise, and the Ul’yanovsk-Saratov depression. The correlation between biostratigraphic beds established in three tectonic structures and variants of their coordination with radiolarian subdivisions in southern and northern areas of Russia are considered. The key importance of radiolarians for the subdivision and correlation of the Upper Cretaceous cherty deposits is demonstrated.     

Chemical and petrographic correlations among carbonaceous chondrites

Detailed study of the petrographic and chemical properties of carbonaceous chondrites shows that the four distinct petrographic subtypes may be related to one of two distinct chemical subdivisions. These subdivisions are recognized primarily by the relative abundances of the nonvolatile elements Si, Ca, Al, Ti, Cu and Fe. C1, C2 and C3(O) chondrites form one subdivision. Vigarano subtype chondrites form the other subdivision and include chondrites previously referred to as C2, C3 and C4. Normalized to silicon, the abundances of Ca, Al and Ti are relatively enriched in Vigarano subtype chondrites, whereas Fe and Cu are relatively more abundant in C1, C2 and C3(O) chondrites. Volatile elements tend to correlate with petrographic subtypes rather than with chemical subdivisions. The available data suggest that nonvolatile element chemical fractionation of carbonaceous chondrites into the two chemical subdivisions occurred before chondrule formation and that present textural and mineralogic properties and volatile element abundances can be attributed to variations in chondrule-producing and accretion processes.     

中国早石炭世小孢子和微古植物地理区

中国早石炭世地层发育,沉积类型多样,动植物化石众多,研究程度较高。通过讨论中国早石炭世孢子演化事件,微古植物地理分区,沉积环境和古气候,进而探讨了中国早石炭世微古植物群与西欧、北美、前苏联和冈瓦纳大陆微古植物群之间的关系及中国早石炭世古地理位置。     

Characteristics of spatial distribution of debris flow and the effect of their sediment yield in main downstream of Jinsha River,China

Debris flow hazard posts a big threat to the main downstream of Jinsha River where a number of huge power stations are under construction. The characteristics of spatial distribution of debris flows and the effect of their sediment yield on the reservoir areas have been studied. An automatic recognition module was developed to extract the geometry of debris flow channels from remote sensing data. Spatial distribution pattern of debris flows is obtained through combining the inventory database and multi-source remote sensing investigation. The distribution of debris flows has high dependency on the various factors including geology, geomorphology, climate, hydrology and human economic activities. The debris flows distributed in the study area are characterized by group and pair distribution, uncompleted deposition fans, highly controlled by faults and tectonic activities, spatial variation between left bank and right bank, and different subdivisions. The sediment yield caused by debris flow activates is evaluated using multi-year observation data from numerous observation stations. Quantitative studies have been performed on the relationship between the sediment yield and the debris flow area. A relatively fix ratio of 2.6 (×10⁴ t/km²) has been found in different subdivisions of main downstream area which shows that the source of sediment discharged into Jinsha River primarily come from debris flow activities. Another ratio is evaluated to represent the transforming possibility of debris flow materials to bed-sediment load and suspended-sediment load in the river. Based on these findings, the potential effect of sediment yield caused by debris flows on reservoir areas is discussed. The zonation map shows the different effect of debris flow sediment on different dam site area which shows a good agreement with variation of debris flow spatial distribution.     

Facies structure and quantitative parameters of pleistocene pelagic sedimentation in the Indian Ocean

We compiled lithofacies maps for the early and middle-late Pleistocene (Eopleistocene and Neopleistocene, respectively) pelagic sedimentation of the Indian Ocean and a database for sediment thicknesses in the respective stratigraphic subdivisions. Using these data, we calculated areas, volumes, masses, and intensities of accumulation of main sediment types for both Pleistocene subdivisions. A comparison of the results confirmed a strong increase in the rate of terrigenous sedimentation. Special attention was given to the evolution of siliceous and carbonate sedimentation of the biogenic type.     

Vertical deformation of rigid foundations of arbitrary shape on layered soil media

A numerical procedure is described for the analysis of vertical deformation of smooth, rigid foundations of arbitrary shape on homogeneous and layered soil media. The contact area at the interface of the foundation and soil medium is approximated by square subdivisions. The response of the system is then obtained from the superposition of the influence of the individual subdivisions. The flexibility influence coefficients are based on equivalent smooth, rigid circular areas with the same contact area as the square subdivisions. For foundations on a homogeneous, isotropic elastic half-space, the flexibility coefficients are given analytically by the integrated forms of the Boussinesq's solution. For a layered soil medium, the flexibility coefficients are determined from an axisymmetric finite element analysis which is essentially two dimensional. Thus, there is no necessity for a full three-dimensional finite element analysis. Comparison with solutions obtained using the integral transform technique for smooth, rigid rectangular foundations on a homogeneous, isotropic elastic half-space shows good agreement. Parametric solutions are presented for the response of rectangular foundations on some ‘typical’ soil profiles. The use of a simplified method to estimate the settlement of rectangular foundations on a layered soil medium by superposing solutions for homogeneous, elastic strata is discussed.     

History of Holocene Sedimentation in the Southern Kara Sea

Two bottom sediment cores (BP00-23/7 and BP00-7/6) recovered from the Yenisei transect in the southern Kara Sea are described. Data on their grain size composition, clay and heavy mineral assemblages, and distribution of a large group of chemical elements are presented. Radiocarbon dates based on AMS C-14 method suggest the Holocene age of sediments in the cores. Literature data on physical properties and foraminifers have also been analyzed. The facies affiliation of the lithostratigraphic subdivisions has been unraveled. History of the Yenisei River runoff in the Holocene has been reconstructed on the basis of different indicators.     

Geology and rural landscapes in central Spain (Guadalajara, Castilla—La Mancha)

Methods commonly used in regional geological analysis were employed to study the visual landscapes of the Sigüenza–Molina de Aragón area (Spain). Landscape data were compiled to produce a landscape map and a photograph catalogue. Lithological composition, tectonic structure and recent erosive processes are the main factors controlling the visual landscapes. Territorial properties, such as colours and agricultural capacities, are controlled by these geological characteristics. The landscape map and the photographic catalogue is the main contribution of this paper. The first level of landscape classification distinguishes zones with dominance of either flat, concave or convex areas. Other parts of the territory are, however, composed of concave and convex combinations that originate hybrid orographic structures. In a second level of classification, several subdivisions for each of these types are established.     

成矿带1∶20万水系沉积物地球化学分区的方法及地质意义:以西藏冈底斯铜多金属成矿带为例

以冈底斯铜多金属成矿带为例,阐述了利用1∶20万和1∶50万水系沉积物地球化学测量开展成矿区带地球化学分区的方法和思路,进一步对其地质意义进行了探讨。结果表明:小比例尺的水系沉积物地球化学数据具有地球化学分区示踪意义。总结出一套操作性强的地球化学分区方法,其方法具有指示找矿方向的实际意义,对区域构造单元划分具参考价值。地球化学分区为该区的找矿方向、成矿远景评价及基础地质调查奠定了基础。