多种电磁测深技术在深部控矿构造探测中的应用研究—以泥河铁矿为例

长江中下游成矿带是我国东部重要的铁、铜多金属矿产资源基地,使用现代地球物理探测技术对该成矿带典型矿床深部结构进行探测,对认识深部矿床成因、总结找矿方法和深部找矿的实践具有重要意义。本文选取位于长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区内的泥河玢岩铁矿为实验区,开展了音频大地电磁(AMT)、可控源音频大地电磁(CSAMT)和瞬变电磁(TEM)等电磁法探测实验;通过对AMT、CSAMT和TEM数据的处理和反演,发现3者相同测线反演结果反映的控矿地质体电性特征基本一致,但细节上存在一定差异。综合3种电磁测深反演结果,电性特征刻画了砖桥组火山岩地层分布,分辨出闪长玢岩体的隆起部位和基本形态,揭示了矿体的赋存位置。认为在合理的数据采集、处理和反演条件下,电磁测深能有效地区分复杂地质构造条件下次火山岩与围岩的电性差异,找到控矿构造界面,从而推断出矿体的位置。     

Application of Comprehensive Magnetotelluric Sounding Technique in Prospecting Deep Structures: A Case Study of Nihe Porphyrite Iron Deposit

长江中下游成矿带是我国东部重要的铁、铜多金属矿产资源基地,使用现代地球物理探测技术对该成矿带典型矿床深部结构进行探测,对认识深部矿床成因、总结找矿方法和深部找矿的实践具有重要意义.本文选取位于长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区内的泥河玢岩铁矿为实验区,开展了音频大地电磁(AMT)、可控源音频大地电磁(CSAMT)和瞬变电磁(TEM)等电磁法探测实验;通过对AMT、CSAMT和TEM数据的处理和反演,发现3者相同测线反演结果反映的控矿地质体电性特征基本一致,但细节上存在一定差异.综合3种电磁测深反演结果,电性特征刻画了砖桥组火山岩地层分布,分辨出闪长玢岩体的隆起部位和基本形态,揭示了矿体的赋存位置.认为在合理的数据采集、处理和反演条件下,电磁测深能有效地区分复杂地质构造条件下次火山岩与围岩的电性差异,找到控矿构造界面,从而推断出矿体的位置.     

可控源音频大地电磁法在新疆某地面物探项目中的应用

骑马山上海紫园地面物探测量项目位于乌鲁木齐骑马山附近,为查明该项目区地质构造及岩层性质,运用可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT),在项目区指定剖面位置开展物探勘查。通过CSAMT方法探测地下2 000m以内电性分布特征,通过二维反演显示,CSAMT剖面反映电性特征明显,浅部地电变化频繁,深部电性层相对完整,通过电阻率梯度变化分别对浅部和深部进行了异常区域划分,通过多次采集,利用预处理软件可以进行圆滑曲线模拟,发现勘查区电磁干扰严重,对数据反演成图有较大影响,物探成果以定性参考为主,为地质工作勾画断层位置提供参考依据,不建议做定量解释使用。     

CSAMT法在贵州遵义锰矿整装勘查中的运用

为了提高找矿勘查效率,查清锰矿在深部的空间位置和深部构造的发育情况,在贵州省遵义锰矿区首次开展了可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT法),采用V8多功能电法勘探系统,选择深溪大型锰矿床延伸部位由西向东布设了4条CSAMT剖面。通过二维反演计算,结合研究区地质特征和岩矿层物性特征,对测量的4条剖面岩矿层及构造特征进行精细的解释,为确定岩矿层在深部空间的位置提供了重要信息。通过钻探验证,其揭露的层位、构造位置和CSAMT方法解释结果吻合较好,找矿效果较为显著,CSAMT法有望作为重要手段在同类型的锰矿找矿预测中推广运用。     

可控音频大地电磁测深在城市隐伏断层探测中的应用

为了给城市工程建设规划提供基础地质资料,需查明区内断裂的准确位置、产状、覆盖层厚度及空间展布以及深部断面。利用可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)进行勘察工作,结合已知地质资料与地球物理资料,在测区内布设四条剖面,完成了剖面反演及综合解释,给出了区内断裂的准确位置、倾向及发育规模。结果表明:CSAMT法在隐伏活动断裂探测中应用是有效的,地质分析工作提供可靠的基础资料,可在城市隐伏断层探测中发挥重要作用。     

CSAMT在陕西凤太地区寻找隐伏金属矿上的应用

文章介绍了可控源音频大地电磁法（CSAMT）在陕西凤（县）太（白）地区寻找隐伏金属矿上的应用效果。首无在已在地质剖面上进行了方法的有效性研究，确定合理的数据处理解释方法，认识矿体与CSAMT异常的对应规律，进而根据区域地质背景，成矿条件，在确定了勘探区后， 开展了CSAMT的探测研究。通过对CSAMT资料的数据处理，定性，定量解释和地质推断，圈定出有望的隐伏矿体异常及位置。     

电磁测深技术在深部铁矿探测中的应用研究——以河南舞阳铁矿区为例

提要：本文介绍了采用可控源音频大地电磁测深（CSAMT）和瞬变电磁测深（TEM）在河南省舞阳王楼、小韩村两个铁山式矿区进行深部铁矿探测试验研究与找矿预测。试验研究表明,CSAMT和TEM电磁方法寻找隐伏沉积变质型铁矿是可行的。在同等地质条件下,线源TEM的有效探测深度最大,CSAMT的有效探测深度居中,中心回线TEM较弱;TEM方法受地表低阻体干扰影响较CSAMT方法大,但垂向分辨率优于CSAMT方法。在干扰较强的铁矿区采用CSAMT预测,以经山寺、小韩村、冷岗一带为中心,可能存在深部隐伏铁矿体,为整装勘查下一步工作部署提供了依据。     

广西五圩矿田箭猪坡锑多金属矿综合信息找矿模型

【研究目的】通过箭猪坡锑多金属矿综合信息找矿模型的研究,对于进一步开展深部矿体定位预测具有重要意义。【研究方法】本文基于箭猪坡矿床锑多金属矿找矿工作,研究了深部成矿模式,分析了可控源音频大地电磁测深（CSAMT）、瞬变电磁测量（TEM）、地电化学测量等方法在深部找矿中的作用和效果。【研究结果】可控源测量能反映深部断裂带的延深情况,瞬变电磁测量低电阻率能有效识别矿化带或控矿断裂带,地电化学测量Pb、Zn、Sb元素变化曲线峰值能指示矿化体的存在。【结论】箭猪坡锑多金属矿地质-物探-化探测量综合信息找矿模型的建立为五圩地区深部找矿提供了可以识别的探测目标,CSAMT、TEM及地电化学测量综合方法能探测控矿断裂的深部特征,综合信息特征的找矿方法是构造控矿的有效技术手段。创新点：采用地质-物探-化探综合找矿方法构建多源信息找矿模型,预测深部矿体的位置、规模。     

CSAMT在城市隐伏断层探测中的应用CSCD

介绍了CSAMT在城市隐伏断层探测中数据采集、资料处理方法和克服电磁干扰的技术措施。已有地质资料显示,北京昌平规划新区内存在多条隐伏断层。为了给规划新城提供基础地质资料,查清区内断层的准确位置、产状以及断层两侧的基岩埋深,布设了4条CSAMT剖面。结合地质资料对4条剖面进行了综合解释,给出了断层的准确位置。结果表明CSAMT在本区隐伏断层探测中的应用是有效的,可在城市隐伏断层探测中发挥重要作用。     

综合物探方法在五里营地区火山岩型铀矿勘查中的应用

火山岩型铀矿床既可以产于火山岩体内,也产于火山岩体附近下古生界浅变质岩和中生界陆相砂砾岩中,因此火山岩体发育情况的探测对铀矿勘查工作的进一步开展具有重要意义。笔者简要介绍了可控源音频大地电磁测量(CSAMT)和地面高精度磁测的工作方法以及在五里营地区的实际应用。结合地质资料和岩石物性特征,利用CSAMT测量资料,大致查明了安山玢岩和粗安斑岩的深部发育特征,利用地面高精度磁测资料提高了识别岩体接触带及断裂构造推测的可靠性。通过钻孔验证,效果较好。综合分析认为:CSAMT测量有较好的垂向分辨力,能够较准确得探测岩体的深部发育特征、断裂发育的位置及向深部延伸情况,地面高精度磁测可大致圈定岩体,识别岩体接触带、断裂等;两种方法相互结合可以较为全面的解决地质问题,为火山型铀矿勘查提供有效技术手段。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.