泰安台日本6.8级地震前体应变变化观测报告

2007年7月16日日本发生ML 6.8地震。此次地震前的7月6日,山东泰安台钻孔应变仪观测到异常变化。本文报告了变化情况,同时给出了水位和气压的变化。     

易县台体应变仪山西震群观测报告

2006年4月3日,山西代县发生震群活动。此次地震前,河北易县台钻孔体应变仪观测到潮汐因子异常变化,中国地震局地壳应力研究所分析人员根据此资料对该地震进行了比较准确的预报。本文报告了变化情况。     

芦山M_S 7.0地震前地震活动性分析及区域地震活动水平参数I_(RTL)的应用

本文采用Region-Time-Length(RTL)方法分析在汶川M_S 8.0级地震引起的地震活动增强背景下芦山M_S 7.0地震前地震活动性变化,并提出了综合反映区域地震活动水平的参数IRTL。芦山地震前1年在震中和周边地区检测到地震活动平静异常,主要分布在龙门山断裂带南段1.5°N×2°E范围内,持续了近8个月,异常范围和异常程度呈现由小→大→小的特征。新提出的区域地震活动水平参数I_(RTL),早期在0值附近波动,于震前一年开始不断下降,降至波谷后回升到较低值,波谷后9个月发震。I_(RTL)在一定程度上为"识别"芦山地震发生危险性提供了参考。以上研究对了解芦山地震孕育过程提供了新的认识。     

Anomalous electrotelluric residuals prior to a large imminent earthquake in Greece

Periodic anomalies, period 24 h, have been observed in the electrotelluric field prior to a large imminent earthquake in Greece. The periodic anomaly is modulated by an exponential term which implies that successive peaks increase toward the time of the impending earthquake. It is shown that the amplitudes of the periodic variations are much bigger than those accompanying changes of the geomagnetic field.     

Quasi-periodic VLF emissions observed during daytime at a low latitude Indian ground station Jammu

This paper reports quasi-periodic pulsing hiss emissions recorded during daytime in the frequency range of 50 Hz-15 kHz at low latitude station Jammu (geomag. lat. = 22°26′N; L = 1.17). It is noted that pulsing VLF emissions are a rare phenomena at low latitudes. The various spectrograms of pulsing VLF hiss emissions presented in this paper clearly show band limited spectrums regularly pulsing with almost equal period of the order of few seconds in the frequency range of ∼3–8 kHz. Generation and propagation mechanism of these emissions are briefly discussed.     

Seismically induced changes in groundwater levels and temperatures following the ML5.8 (ML5.1) Gyeongju earthquake in South Korea

Hydrogeological responses to earthquakes such as changes in groundwater level, temperature, and chemistry, have been observed for several decades. This study examines behavior associated with M_L 5.8 and M_L 5.1 earthquakes that occurred on 12 September 2016 near Gyeongju, a city located on the southeast coast of the Korean peninsula. The M_L 5.8 event stands as the largest recorded earthquake in South Korea since the advent of modern recording systems. There was considerable damage associated with the earthquakes and many aftershocks. Records from monitoring wells located about 135 km west of the epicenter displayed various patterns of change in both water level and temperature. There were transient-type, step-like-type (up and down), and persistent-type (rise and fall) changes in water levels. The water temperature changes were of transient, shift-change, and tendency-change types. Transient changes in the groundwater level and temperature were particularly well developed in monitoring wells installed along a major boundary fault that bisected the study area. These changes were interpreted as representing an aquifer system deformed by seismic waves. The various patterns in groundwater level and temperature, therefore, suggested that seismic waves impacted the fractured units through the reactivation of fractures, joints, and microcracks, which resulted from a pulse in fluid pressure. This study points to the value of long-term monitoring efforts, which in this case were able to provide detailed information needed to manage the groundwater resources in areas potentially affected by further earthquakes.

     

A survey of damage observed in Izmir due to 2020 Samos-Izmir earthquake

Natural Hazards - An earthquake of magnitude 6.9 hit the city of Izmir (Turkey) on 30 October 2020, resulting in 117 deaths (in Turkey) and considerable economic losses. The earthquake also...     

Fairweather atmospheric electricity at Antarctica during local summer as observed from Indian station,Maitri

Surface measurements of the atmospheric electrical parameters like Maxwell current, electric field and conductivity studied at the Indian station, Maitri (70.75° S, 11.75° E, 117 m above mean sea level), Antarctica, during austral summer have been analyzed for the years 2001 to 2004. A total of 69 days were selected which satisfied the ‘fairweather’ conditions, i.e., days with absence of high winds, drifting or falling snow, clouds, and fog effects. The diurnal variation curve of electric field and vertical current averaged for 69 fairweather days is a single periodic with a minimum at 03:00 UT and a maximum near 19:00 UT, which is very similar to the Carnegie curve. The correlation coefficient between these measured parameters has a high value (more than 0.9) for all the days. During fairweather days the measured current and field variations are similar and hence it is clear that the conductivity is more or less stable. During magnetically disturbed days, the dawn-dusk potential drop has clear influences on the diurnal variation and it modifies the conductivity. Apart from the day-to-day variation in low latitude thunderstorm activity, there are diurnal, seasonal, inter-annual variations in the electric potential and the currents, as well as solar influences on the measured parameters. This study will help us to examine the impact of solar and geophysical phenomena like solar flares, geomagnetic storms and substorms on the global electric circuit.     

Sudden drop of fractal dimension of electromagnetic emissions recorded prior to significant earthquake

The variation of fractal dimension and entropy during a damage evolution process, especially approaching critical failure, has been recently investigated. A sudden drop of fractal dimension has been proposed as a quantitative indicator of damage localization or a likely precursor of an impending catastrophic failure. In this contribution, electromagnetic emissions recorded prior to significant earthquake are analysed to investigate whether they also present such sudden fractal dimension and entropy drops as the main catastrophic event is approaching. The pre-earthquake electromagnetic time series analysis results reveal a good agreement to the theoretically expected ones indicating that the critical fracture is approaching.