长乐筹东CO2观测方法与地震前兆异常初探

简要介绍了CO2快速测定法的特点,分析了近6年来长乐筹东CO2观测点测得的7个3．6级以上．地震的CO2前兆异常特征,同时探讨了大量降雨与CO2观测值之间的关系。1999年11月至2004年12月期间共发生3次ML3．6以上地方震和5次Ms6．4以上台湾地区地震,其中7次地震震前出现CO2异常,有地震无异常的只有1次,表明CO2异常具有预报意义。厦门同安ML3．7地震前13天,CO2出现突升异常,异常峰值是背景值的2倍左右,笔者据此在震前5天对这次地震提出了较好的短期预报意见。     

大柴旦6．6级地震前的地震拟合相关系数异常分析

运用地震拟合优度的计算公式,首先确定了对异常反映最为明显的计算参数,接着对2008年11月10日大柴旦6．6级地震震中（37．55°N,95．80°E）附近3°×3°范围内的地震拟合相关系数进行了计算分析。结果表明,在周边300km范围内的ML≥．5级地震前一段时间内,该区域的地震拟合相关系数的计算结果都有明显的下降异常反映,特别是大柴旦6．6级地震前的异常反应幅度明显,形态清晰。因此,该区域的地震拟合相关系数可以作为周边ML≥5．5级地震中期预报的依据之一。     

林甸5．1级和乾安-前郭5．2级地震前榆树台地电场异常特征分析

介绍了林甸Ms5．1地震和乾安-前郭ML5．2地震前榆树地震台地电场异常情况，并对异常的主要特征进行了分析。     

海城附近4个震群地震活动特征的对比研究

自1975年以来,海城附近发生具有一定规模和强度的震群（ML≥4．0;震次≥100次）有：1975年2月4日海城7．3级、1999年11月29日岫岩5．4级、2008年11月14日海城Ml4．8和2012年2月2日盖州Ml4．8震群,这4个震群发生前地震活动背景怎样,是否存在着某种共同的特点？对这4个震群进行对比研究发现：震前1年该区出现小震群活动,ML≥3．0地震条带、地震活动水平明显增强,连续发生多次ML≥4．0地震,ML≥4．0地震震源机制高度一致,且震中最近台站记录P波初动符号出现明显的一致性等变化,可视为地震异常。及时捕捉中强地震前异常,对于地震活动趋势判断起到至关重要的作用。     

A(b)值在东南沿海地区地震预测中的应用

采用A(b)值空间扫描方法对1975年以来东南沿海地区ML2.3到ML4．9级地震资料进行了研究。统计分析了Ms4．6级以上地震前A(b)值异常情况。结果显示大多数Ms4．6级以上地震发生前的1～3年内,震中周围出现A(b)≥5．0的高值异常区域。R值检验结果为0．46。     

崇明异常电磁扰动与台湾7.5 级强震

2002 年3 月31 日14 时52 分在台湾以东海中发生7.5 级强地震, 地震发生前后上海市地震局崇明地震台电磁波仪器记录到了一系列强烈电磁辐射异常信息, 其中震前最早的信息出现在24 天前, 最迟的信息出现在震前5 小时且幅度最大。主震发生前电磁辐射异常信号的振荡幅度随着主震临近而增大, 主震发生后又降了下来。余震期间的电磁辐射异常信息也十分丰富。文中探讨了这些电磁辐射异常信号与强震之间的关系, 结合多种震例的记录认为这类震前电磁辐射异常信号可作为临震前的一种信息。为认识和丰富震前电磁辐射前兆异常的现象与研究增加了新的内容。     

地磁数据处理与地震关系之探

研究了上海崇明、佘山和杭州这3个地磁台的观测资料在2004年4月21日南黄海ML4．0级、5月26日浙江省舟山群岛ML4．3级和11月15日南黄海％4．6级地震前的异常变化特征,结果表明：杭州台和崇明台数字化地磁观测资料分钟值空间差值于4月14日～17日、4月30日、5月8日出现的异常信息很可能是震磁异常信息;杭州台和余山台数字化地磁观测资料分钟值、模拟观测21时值Z分量地磁场相关系数R值分别在震前2天、24天和震前5天、15天出现了超出2σ值的震磁异常变化：崇明和余山地磁台数字化地磁Z分量分钟值的空间差值异常信息在4月21日南黄海尬4．0级地震前后有所显示。但在5月26日舟山群岛ML4．3级地震前不太明显,可能与谈两个地磁台站相距较近日震中距较近有美．     

应力调制在华东地区地震预报中的应用

应用应力调制图像法,对上海地区1970～2007年以来的18次ML≥5．0地震进行了检验。结果显示,有15次地震的震前出现了Se值异常单元,虚报地震9次,漏报3次。     

应力调制在辽宁地区地震预报中的应用

应用应力调制图像法对辽宁地区1970年以来的21次ML≥5．0地震进行了检验。结果显示，有18次地震的震前出现了S值异常单元，虚报地震11次，漏报3次，R值评分0．58。     

首都圈中强震前后视应力时空演化过程研究

选用首都圈数字遥测地震台网地震波形资料,利用近震源Brune模式计算首都圈地区2002年至今ML≥2.0地震的视应力值,探讨了震源参数的标度关系,最终选取2.0≤ML≤2.9地震对首都圈地区2002年以来中强地震前视应力的时空异常变化特征进行详细分析。研究结果表明:首都圈中强地震前,多次地震出现显著的视应力高值异常,且地震多发生在视应力高值异常区域附近。同时与波速比计算结果进行了对比分析,印证了异常存在具有一定的客观性。由此可见,分析识别首都圈地区的应力状态可以为该地区中强震的危险性提供判定依据。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.