基于数字孪生理论的济南四维地质环境信息系统研发

将数字孪生理论应用到城市建设的地质工作中,并基于此打造一套四维地质环境信息系统。以济南泉域为例,根据已有的海量、多源、多比例尺、实时的城市地质数据,结合数字孪生理论,建立四维地质环境数据库和数字孪生模型,搭建地质环境实时监测网络,研发四维地质环境信息系统,从而实现城市地质数据挖掘分析,辅助政府在信息化、智慧化建设中的科学决策,推动创新技术支撑智慧城市建设。应用数字孪生理论,研发海量异构数据的全空间融合展示分析系统具有很好的发展前景。     

基于GIS多准则空间分析(SMCE)的青海省矿产资源开发地质环境脆弱性评价

青海省具有丰富的矿产资源，其可持续开发战略与规划应建立在对地质环境脆弱性评价的基础上。笔者通过分析青海省环境地质问题和地质灾害发育的基本规律，建立了青海省未来矿产资源开发的地质环境脆弱性评价的框架。提出了地质环境脆弱性评价的基本准则和地质评价指标。在荷兰国际地球科学测量与观测学院（ITC）开发的GIS软件——ILWIS环境下，利用其新开发的空间分析功能的SMCE模块，对青海省的地质环境脆弱性进行了评价。结果表明，具有矿产资源远景开发的地区地质环境比较脆弱，对未来的矿产资源开发有着较大的制约作用。     

莱芜市石棚损毁山体恢复治理方案探讨

矿山生态地质环境恢复治理是生态文明建设的环境基础。该文在介绍莱芜市石棚地区的地质、水文特征的基础上,对损毁山体的地质环境现状和存在危害进行了分析,提出了矿山生态地质环境恢复治理的生态、工程措施,实现了生态、社会、经济三大效益的协调发展。     

农业地质环境监测网络建设初步设想——以浙江省农业地质环境监测为例

文章主要根据浙江省已经完成的农业地质环境调查成果,按照地质环境监测的基本思想,从监测目标任务、监测网络建设、监测信息系统等方面,对构建浙江省农业地质环境监测网络提出了初步设想,并提出了农业地质环境监测网络建设的几个关键问题,以供探讨。     

北京门头沟新城规划分区地质环境适宜性探讨

近年来,人类工程活动引发的地质环境问题日益严重,因此在城市建设规划阶段,进行地质环境适宜性的分析与评价十分必要。本文在门头沟规划新城前期区域工程地质勘查工作基础上,通过对区域工程地质条件、水文地质条件、地质灾害危险性、工程建设场地适宜性以及规划建设对地质环境的影响程度等主要因素进行综合分析与研究,对门头沟新城规划分区的地质环境适宜性进行了评价与探讨。认为该新城规划分区的地质环境总体来说是适宜或基本适宜的,但个别功能分区的地质环境不适宜。对于基本适宜及不适宜的功能分区,指出了其存在的主要地质环境问题,并提出了有针对性的建议。     

中国北方荒漠化地质环境特征及其空间表达

通过开展面向决策者的荒漠化地质环境特征研究和空间表达(编图与信息系统建设),反映影响荒漠化的主要地质环境要素及其空间分布,为研究荒漠化发生机制、发展趋势、治理对策提供地质依据.空间信息系统建设和编图突出地反映地质环境背景条件的演变对荒漠化发展的内在制约作用,以及地下水开发利用对荒漠化的影响.空间信息系统包括8个逻辑图层集,16个图层类型,百余个图元属性类型,在此基础上编制了5张成果图件.对荒漠化分布现状进行了信息化统计,中国北方地区荒漠化总面积为197.24×104*!km2,占区域面积的43.6%,其中潜在荒漠化面积为53.57×104km2,其主要分布区应成为研究和治理的重点.经过分析初步确定了影响荒漠化的主要动态敏感因子.     

苏锡常地区地质环境与经济可持续发展对策研究

苏锡常地区经济发达，人口稠密，城市化程度高，另一方面，由于大量的人类－工程活动，导致了系列严重的地持灾害和地质环境问题。从地区经济与资源，环境协调发展的角度讨论了地质环境和可持续发展的关系，分析了该区经济可持续 面临的主要地质环境问题的特征和影响，并提出了今后地质环境工作的研究内容和可持续发展对策。     

基于GIS的苏锡常地区地质环境现状评价

苏锡常地区位于长江三角洲南部，随着经济发展，以地面沉降，地下水污染为主要特征的地质环境问题日趋严重。在GIS（地理信息系统）技术的支持下，结合多种地质环境因素对该地区进行了地质环境质量现状分析评价，结果表明区内大部分地区环境质量呈恶化趋势，地质环境严重地带沿运河方向展布，以三市为中心，具有明显的空间特征。文中除了论述评价因子的识别，重点讨论了评价模型的确立和基于GIS的分析方法，最后对评价结果作了分析。     

江苏徐州城市地质调查需求分析及关键问题

随着城市化及城乡一体化进程加快,地质环境问题对城市建设的影响日益突出,开展城市地质调查,解决城市地质问题已成为当务之急。从徐州市城市规划建设、重大工程建设、城市防灾减灾、生态环境保护及"智慧徐州"构建等方面分析徐州城市发展对地质调查工作的需求,从基础地质、地质资源、地质环境、综合研究、信息系统5方面部署徐州城市地质调查工作,并提出徐州城市地质调查中亟需解决的关键问题,即地下水资源约束与应急供水保障、岩溶区地下工程风险与灾害防控、采空区建设用地的适宜性与风险评价、塌陷地复垦土地质量与生态安全、城市地质信息系统的构建与"智慧徐州"融合。     

甘肃省城镇化进程中的地质环境问题及对策

城镇化是现代化的必由之路,而绿色发展是促进新型城镇化的重要切入点和新增长点。城镇化建设会改变原有的地质环境,有可能诱发潜在的地质灾害。甘肃位于我国相对欠发达地区,生态环境脆弱,研究城镇化对地质环境的影响极其重要。该文从城镇化建设与地质环境的相互作用入手,梳理了甘肃省城镇化进程中的地质环境问题,分析其现状及城镇化进程中可能出现的变化及问题。并根据甘肃省城镇化发展规划,结合经济、社会、生态特点,阐述了城市地质工作发展方向,提出了解决城镇化进程中有关地质环境问题的相关对策。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861