在大震下 RC框架结构基于Pushover方法的失效相关性分析

目前,基于性能的建筑结构抗震设计成为世界各国土木工程界研究的热点之一.结构体系可靠度理论是进行结构性能分析的重要的理论基础.在结构体系可靠度的计算中,一个急待解决的问题是结构构件或截面间的失效相关性问题.本文基于pushover方法,采用Monte Carlo法和随机有限元法,在小震研究成果的基础上,进一步研究了钢筋混凝土框架结构在大震情况下的失效相关性问题,分别得出了框架梁、柱在大震作用下的部分失效相关性规律.     

中震下RC框架结构的失效相关性分析

在定义框架结构截面效应的束维修失效的基础上,利用钢筋混凝土框架结构非线性随机模拟地震反应分析程序,研究了在役框架结构在中震作用下截面效应约束的失效相关性。通过分析,总结出了可用于可靠性分析的相关性规律,并通过算例示出了相关性规律在结构体系可靠度计算中的应用。     

罕遇地震下RC低矮框架失效相关性拟动力试验分析

为研究罕遇地震下低矮结构的失效相关性问题,设计了两榀钢筋混凝土对称与非对称三跨二层框架结构模型,通过拟动力试验,对低矮框架结构在罕遇地震作用下柱截面各约束的失效特点和相关规律进行了统计与分析,以期为低矮结构在罕遇地震作用下的失效相关性理论提供试验支持,文中指出钢筋材性的相对均匀性是造成罕遇地震下大量截面约束同时失效的主要原因。     

小震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构失效相关性分析

本文通过大量的Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ随机模拟分析,指出在小震下ＲＣ框架结构截面约束的失效统计相关性服从于“失效独立性假设”,并通过算例分析和相关系数比较验证了这一结论。     

基于静力弹塑性分析方法的RC框架结构抗震性能评估

介绍了静力弹塑性分析方法。结合我国抗震设计的三水准设计目标及两阶段的设计方法,应用SAP2000及YJK软件对一钢筋混凝土框架结构在多遇地震下的受力情况进行了计算;应用SAP2000对结构进行了静力弹塑性分析,计算了其在罕遇地震作用下的层间位移角,并将其与结构的破坏状态进行了对比。计算结果表明该框架结构满足我国抗震规范小震不坏、大震不倒的设计要求。     

不同设防标准RC框架结构基于易损性分析的抗震性能评估

借助非线性动力时程分析,对严格按照规范Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ度设计的5个三跨6层钢筋混凝土框架结构开展易损性分析,建立了基于峰值加速度的易损性曲线。从易损性的角度对不同设防标准RC框架结构的抗震性能做了定量评价,并探讨了设防标准对RC框架结构易损性的影响。分析表明,对应于设防小震、中震及大震水平的峰值加速度,结构“小震不坏”、“中震可修”和“大震不倒”的失效概率均在18%以内,可认为结构满足三水准的性态控制目标。随着结构设防标准的提高,其易损性随之降低,相同峰值加速度对应的各个破坏状态的超越概率均有所降低。此外,将框架结构的设防烈度提高1度,其“大震不倒”的失效概率会明显减小。而将框架结构的设防烈度降低1度,其“大震不倒”的失效概率会显著增加,最高可达4倍。     

强震作用下混凝土框架结构倒塌过程的数值分析

本文引入机械铰概念解释了钢筋混凝土杆件在地震作用下的失效过程，继而建立了以楼层为基本单位的强梁弱柱型框架结构的倒塌分析模型。并将离散单元法的中心算法一动态松弛法运用到结构倒塌分析模型中，成功地模拟了钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的倒塌全过程反应。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构造价与失效概率之间的近似关系研究

本文以层间位移角作为结构性能参数,分析了钢筋混凝土框架结构层间变形能力,以及在水平地震作用下层间位移反应。考虑钢筋混凝土框架结构材料强度和几何尺寸以及地震作用的不确定性,得出了在设计基准期内结构的失效概率。同时分析了不同设计参数下结构的最小造价,在此基础上,确定了结构最小造价和失效概率之间的近似关系。目的是为采用“投资—效益“准则确定该类型结构目标性能水平提供分析依据,从而为采用基于性能抗震设计理念制定建筑结构抗震设计规范提供基础研究。本文中,结构失效概率指结构最终极限状态的失效概率。     

移除底层关键柱后钢筋混凝土框架结构抗倒塌性能分析

目前国内外学者将地震倒塌和连续倒塌作为两个独立的领域进行研究,实际上框架结构的倒塌破坏系由二种机理耦合作用所致。针对此问题,采用拆除构件设计法,应用有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA完成了钢筋混凝土框架结构拆除底层关键柱后在地震作用下的倒塌仿真分析,重点研究了层高、跨度、层数和关键柱位置对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗倒塌性能的影响。结果表明:对于平面框架模型,由底层柱脚及梁柱节点区柱端失效破坏引起的柱铰破坏机制,是导致结构倒塌的主要原因。底层中柱失效后,底层迅速转化为柱铰机制,结构在重力作用下失稳坍塌,适当增加层高,减小跨度,增加层数对框架结构在底层关键柱失效后的抗地震倒塌性能有益;对于三维空间框架模型,分析表明,空间框架结构在拆除角柱后框架倒塌破坏最为严重,结构的破坏过程可以概括为3个阶段:(1)弹性阶段;(2)重力作用影响占主导地位的塑性阶段;(3)地震作用占主导地位的塑性阶段。     

不同底部层高的RC框架结构地震易损性分析

为研究不同底部层高的钢筋混凝土框架结构的易损性,应用SAP2000软件,采用动力增量分析法分别对设防烈度为7度和8度区6个不同底部层高的框架结构在地震作用下进行了非线性时程分析,得到了地震易损性曲线和结构在极限状态下的地震动强度指标,经回归拟合得到了不同设防烈度区的结构的失效概率公式和结构倒塌储备系数(CMR).研究表...     

A novel structural detailing for the improvement of seismic and progressive collapse performances of RC frames

Earthquake-induced building collapse and progressive collapse due to accidental local failure of vertical components are the two most common failure modes of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures. Conventional design methods usually focus on the design requirements of a specific hazard but neglect the interactions between different designs. For example, the progressive collapse design of an RC frame often yields increased reinforcement and flexural strength of the beams. As a result, the seismic design principle of “strong-column-weak-beam” may be violated, which may lead to unfavorable failure modes and weaken the seismic performance. To avoid these adverse effects of the progressive collapse design on the seismic resistance of RC frames, a novel structural detailing is proposed in this study. The proposed detailing technique intends to concurrently improve the seismic and progressive collapse performances of an RC frame by changing the layout of the newly added longitudinal reinforcement against progressive collapse without introducing any additional reinforcement. A six-story RC frame is used as the prototype building for this investigation. Both cyclic and progressive collapse tests are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed structural detailing. Based on the experimental results, detailed finite element (FE) models of the RC frame with different reinforcement layouts are established. The seismic and progressive collapse resistances of different models are compared based on the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and nonlinear dynamic alternate path (AP) methods, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed structural detailing can effectively resolve the conflict between the seismic and progressive collapse designs.     

罕遇地震下高层RC框架结构双地震动强度参数易损性分析

为研究高层RC框架结构罕遇地震下的易损性,设计了一个7度区典型11层RC框架结构。采用IDA方法进行时程分析,以地震动峰值地面加速度和结构第一自振周期对应的谱加速度为地震动强度指标,最大层间位移角为结构损伤指标,分别得到了单一地震动强度和双地震动强度参数下的IDA曲线和失效概率,绘制了双地震动强度参数下易损性曲面,并对单一地震动强度和双地震动强度参数下的易损性分析结果进行了对比。结果表明:罕遇地震下,采用双地震动强度参数结构失效概率明显低于采用单一地震动强度参数结构失效概率;对高层RC框架结构,采用双地震动强度参数进行易损性分析反映的地震动信息更全面;采用双地震动强度参数得到的结构失效概率公式更能真实量化不同强度地震作用下结构的失效概率。     

Study on the effect of the infill walls on the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete frame

Motivated by the seismic damage observed to reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures during the Wenchuan earthquake, the effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of a RC frame is studied in this paper. Infill walls, especially those made of masonry, offer some amount of stiffness and strength. Therefore, the effect of infill walls should be considered during the design of RC frames. In this study, an analysis of the recorded ground motion in the Wenchuan earthquake is performed. Then, a numerical model is developed to simulate the infill walls. Finally, nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out on a RC frame with and without infill walls, respectively, by using CANNY software. Through a comparative analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn. The failure mode of the frame with infill walls is in accordance with the seismic damage failure pattern, which is strong beam and weak column mode. This indicates that the infill walls change the failure pattern of the frame, and it is necessary to consider them in the seismic design of the RC frame. The numerical model presented in this paper can effectively simulate the effect of infill walls on the RC frame.     

混凝土框架柱双向受剪性能试验研究与相关性分析

为研究钢筋混凝土框架柱的抗震性能,进行了矩形截面不等肢配箍混凝土框架柱在斜向水平荷载作用下的抗剪强度试验研究,对框架柱在斜向水平荷载作用下的受剪承载力进行有限元分析,并与试验结果进行比较,研究了两向不等肢配箍矩形截面柱在静载和低周反复荷载作用下双向受剪承载力的相关关系,推导了双向受剪承载力计算公式。研究结果表明,斜向水平荷载作用下,不等肢配箍混凝土框架柱双向受剪承载力的相关关系近似符合椭圆规律,为不等肢配箍混凝土框架柱的受剪承载力设计提供参考。     

Numerical evaluation of seismic response of soft-story RC frames retrofitted with passive devices

This study presents a nonlinear modelling technique for reinforced concrete (RC) frames retrofitted with metallic yielding devices to predict the seismic response using a computer software OpenSees. The numerical model considers the axial–flexure interaction, shear force–displacement response and the bond-slip characteristics of the frame members. The predicted hysteretic response has been compared with the results of slow-cyclic testing. The validated numerical model is then used to predict the seismic response of a five-story RC frame with soft-story. Nonlinear cyclic pushover and dynamic analyses are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting scheme in enhancing the lateral strength and energy dissipation potential and in controlling the premature failure of the study frame. Analysis results showed significant improvement in the seismic response of RC frames with soft-story using the proposed retrofitting technique.     

Correlation studies on an RC frame shaking-table specimen

This paper presents the correlation of the results of a new model for the dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with the experimental time history of a two storey RC frame shaking-table specimen. The frame member model consists of separate subelements that describe the deformations due to flexure, shear and bond slip in RC structural elements. The subelements are combined by superposition of flexibility matrices to form the frame element. A non-linear solution method which accounts for the unbalance of internal forces between different subelements during a given load increment is used with the model. The ability of the proposed model to describe the dynamic response of frame structures under earthquake excitations is evaluated by comparing the analytical results with experimental evidence from a two-storey, one bay reinforced concrete frame tested on the shaking-table. The model parameters for the shaking-table specimen are derived from available experimental evidence and first principles of reinforced concrete. The effect of reinforcing bar slip on the local and global dynamic response of the test structure is assessed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete(RC) frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis(PA) or dynamic time history analysis,with diverse settings of the plastic hinges(PHs) on such main structural components as columns,beams and walls,the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints(BCJs) during major earthquakes is commonly neglected.This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures.Based on the specifications of FEMA-356,a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established,allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed.To verify the validity of this method,the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements.By considering shear failure at BCJs,the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames,including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints,in a precise and effective manner.     

An effective simplified model of composite compression struts for partially-restrained steel frame with reinforced concrete infill walls

To resolve the issue regarding inaccurate prediction of the hysteretic behavior by micro-based numerical analysis for partially-restrained(PR)steel frames with solid reinforced concrete(RC)infill walls,an innovative simplified model of composite compression struts is proposed on the basis of experimental observation on the cracking distribution,load transferring mechanism,and failure modes of RC infill walls filled in PR steel frame.The proposed composite compression struts model for the solid RC infill walls is composed ofαinclined struts and main diagonal struts.Theαinclined struts are used to reflect the part of the lateral force resisted by shear connectors along the frame-wall interface,while the main diagonal struts are introduced to take into account the rest of the lateral force transferred along the diagonal direction due to the complicated interaction between the steel frame and RC infill walls.This study derives appropriate formulas for the effective widths of theαinclined strut and main diagonal strut,respectively.An example of PR steel frame with RC infill walls simulating simulated by the composite inclined compression struts model is illustrated.The maximum lateral strength and the hysteresis curve shape obtained from the proposed composite strut model are in good agreement with those from the test results,and the backbone curve of a PR steel frame with RC infill walls can be predicted precisely when the inter-story drift is within 1%.This simplified model can also predict the structural stiffness and the equivalent viscous damping ratio well when the inter-story drift ratio exceeds 0.5%.     

Strength,stiffness and cyclic deformation capacity of RC frames converted into walls by infilling with RC

In seismic retrofitting of concrete buildings, frame bays are converted into reinforced concrete (RC) walls by infilling the space between the frame members with RC of a thickness of not more than their width. The cyclic behavior of the resulting wall depends on the connection between the RC infill and the surrounding RC members. The paper uses the results from 56 cyclic tests on such composite walls to express their properties in terms of the geometry, the reinforcement and the connection. Properties addressed are: (a) the yield moment at the story base; (b) the secant-to-yield-point stiffness over the shear span of the wall in a story; (c) the deflection at flexural failure in cyclic loading; (d) the cyclic shear resistance, including a sliding shear failure mode. Separate models are given for squat walls failing in shear and for those where the top of the column shears-off. The proposals are modifications of models developed in the past for monolithic RC walls from several hundred cyclic tests; blind application of these latter models as though the walls were monolithic gives, in general, unsafe predictions. By contrast, the diagonal compression strut approach in ASCE41-06 is safe-sided, but gives unacceptably large prediction scatter.