矩分析法及其在粤北韶关地区金属成矿作用研究中的应用

采用多重分形矩分析法探讨了粤北韶关地区4292km^2内1448个基岩样品的25项元素的分形分布规律。结果表明，金属地球化学场元素的多重分形谱函数上凸且连续，其多重分形谱函数的开口大小在某种程度上能反映地球化学场的浓集程度。地球化学场中元素在空间上的分布具有连续多重分形特征，与成矿密切相关的微量元素一般服从左侧开口明显大于右侧开口的连续多重分形左偏模式，而非主要成矿元素则对应右侧开口大的连续多重分形右偏模式。     

多重分形与地球化学元素的分布规律

为进一步探讨用分形与多重分形的方法研究地球化学场中元素的分布规律的重要意义，运用Q-Q图和直方图探讨了元素的空间分布规律，随后运用多重分形矩方法研究了安徽省长江以南以北各约22000km^2和18100km^2区域内5489个和4524个水系沉积物样品中14种元素的分形分布规律。结果表明，金属地球化学场元素在空间上的分布并不是简单的正态或对数正态分布，而四连续多重分形分布，其α-f(α)曲线上凸且连续，拥有主要大型矿床的安徽江南地区α-f(α)曲线的开口明显大于成矿相对较弱的安徽江北地区。元素的多重分形谱函数的形态特征对区域成矿潜力研究将具有一定的指示意义。     

个旧地区地球化学元素的多重分形特征及找矿预测

应用多重分形的“C-A”模型（即含量-面积）方法，对云南个旧地区的水系沉积物样品的20项元素进行了研究分析。结果表明，成矿元素以及伴生元素呈模式Ⅱ的高丛集多重分形分布，非成矿元素呈模式Ⅰ的简单连续多重分形分布；根据个旧地区东部与西部地球化学元素分布的对比发现，在东部的分维值鲁遍比西部小，有的成矿元素如Cu、Au在东西部呈现不同的分布模式，而非成矿元素分布变化不大。     

基于“元素含量-面积”模型方法的地球化学场的多重分形模式分析

从多重分形理论出发，在赤峰地区的2个区域应用“元素含量-面积（C—A）”模型方法。对“元素含量-面积”双对数图的形态进行分析，将地球化学异常多重分形特征模式分为3种类型：模式Ⅰ为可拟合为2条直线段的简单多重分形模式，具有该模式的元素在研究区内没有成矿富集的趋势，不存在实质性的致矿异常；模式Ⅱ为可以拟合为3条直线段的高富集多重分形模式，它在模式Ⅰ的基础上叠加有高含量的异常场，具有该模式的元素在研究区内存在较强的局部富集，成矿的可能性很大：模式Ⅲ为可拟合成3条直线段的低富集多重分形模式，它在模式Ⅰ的基础上叠加的是较弱的异常场，具有该模式的元素在研究区内有较弱的矿化作用。在此基础上，分析了元素的成矿富集规律和空间分布特征，确定了区域异常和局部异常的异常下限，划分了地球化学背景、区域异常和局部异常。     

不同比例尺与介质中化探数据的含量-频数分形研究--以广东大宝山铜多金属矿田为例

应用含量—频数分形方法对广东大宝山矿田不同范围多介质、多比例尺地球化学场进行比较分析研究,认为成矿元素在不同比例尺与介质中呈基本一致的复杂多重分形特点,该特点是区域元素形成规模矿的一个必要条件,但不是充分条件;提出成矿元素连续多重分形的分维值减小转折点所代表的局部异常样品数所占比例在各比例尺采样介质中均大于2%,而非成矿元素该比例值可能远小于1%;拟合精度明显影响含量—频数分形曲线的类型与性质。     

个旧地区地球化学元素的多重分形特征及找矿预测

应用多重分形的“C-A“模型(即含量-面积)方法,对云南个旧地区的水系沉积物样品的20项元素进行了研究分析.结果表明,成矿元素以及伴生元素呈模式Ⅱ的高丛集多重分形分布,非成矿元素呈模式Ⅰ的简单连续多重分形分布;根据个旧地区东部与西部地球化学元素分布的对比发现,在东部的分维值普遍比西部小,有的成矿元素如Cu、Au在东西部呈现不同的分布模式,而非成矿元素分布变化不大.     

新疆塔里木盆地艾协克—桑塔木南地区油气地球化学指标的多重分形性分析

用分形与多重分形的方法研究地球化学场中地球化学指标的分布规律具有重要的意义。本文运用多重分形矩方法研究了新疆塔里木盆地艾协克一桑塔木南地区2000km^2内采集的2085个土壤样中20项油气化探指标的多重分形谱函数形态特征。结果表明，主要成油气指示指标的多重分形谱基本上呈单一“钩状”，显示较弱的多重分形或单一分形；而其他指标多显示较强的多重分形特征。这些性质在研究区广泛存在，将对区域含油性研究有重要的指示意义。     

青海阿尔茨托山地区地球化学（异常）场的多重分形研究

以研究区成矿地质背景为基础，将其划分为4个地球化学区，从多重分形理论出发，应用“元素含量—面积”模型方法，对各区主要成矿元素的地球化学(异常)场进行分析研究。结果表明，由于地质构造背景和化探元素富集的成因机理不同，各区元素地球化学(异常)场具有两种不同的多重分形特征模式：只有两个无标度区的简单多重分形模式和有两个以上无标度区的高丛集多重分形模式，具有相同成因的元素组合具有相似的多重分形特征。在此基础上．探讨了各区元素的成矿富集规律和空间分布特征，进而划分了地球化学背景和异常，经检验对比，证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

西藏班戈地区化探数据的多重分形特征及其成矿意义

分形理论为精细研究地质体的复杂性结构提供了新的视角,已有研究表明元素含量在地球化学场中的分布具有分形或多重分形特征。应用元素"含量-面积"分形模型定量描述了西藏班戈地区8种微量元素的分形特征,其中W表现为低富集连续多重分形模式,其他7种元素表现为高浓集连续多重分形模式;应用"含量-面积"双对数分维数D值并结合地质背景分析认为区内Au、Sn两元素有一定的成矿潜力;与矽卡岩有关的Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag等多金属均有较好的成矿潜力,其中Cu元素的成矿潜力最大、Mo、Pb、Ag等元素成矿潜力较好、Zn元素成矿潜力相对较差;区内W元素的成矿潜力不大。     

基于"元素含量-面积"模型方法的地球化学场的多重分形模式分析

从多重分形理论出发,在赤峰地区的2个区域应用"元素含量-面积(C-A)"模型方法.对"元素含量-面积"双对数图的形态进行分析,将地球化学异常多重分形特征模式分为3种类型:模式Ⅰ为可拟合为2条直线段的简单多重分形模式,具有该模式的元素在研究区内没有成矿富集的趋势,不存在实质性的致矿异常;模式Ⅱ为可以拟合为3条直线段的高富集多重分形模式,它在模式Ⅰ的基础上叠加有高含量的异常场,具有该模式的元素在研究区内存在较强的局部富集,成矿的可能性很大;模式Ⅲ为可拟合成3条直线段的低富集多重分形模式,它在模式Ⅰ的基础上叠加的是较弱的异常场,具有该模式的元素在研究区内有较弱的矿化作用.在此基础上,分析了元素的成矿富集规律和空间分布特征,确定了区域异常和局部异常的异常下限,划分了地球化学背景、区域异常和局部异常.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861