丹江口水库渗透环境及诱震效应的初步分析

1.引言丹江口水库自1967年11月开始蓄水。1970年1月起,库区一些特殊地段开始出现了明显的地震活动,并分别于1972年4月3日和1973年11月29日发生了林茂山3.5级(Ms)地震和宋湾4.7级(Ms)震群活动。     

在2004年12月26日印尼9级地震前收到特大临震信息

2004年12月26日印尼发生9级大地震.震前于2004年12月19日3点22分,中国北京工业大学地震研究所收到声压为16.8Pa的特大次声异常信号.为了预测将发生地震的震级,对比2001年11月14日在中国青海Ms8.1级地震前收到声压为12.88Pa的次声波异常信号.为此做出临震预测:2004年12月19日至28日在全球范围内将发生大于Ms8.1级地震甚至会发生大于Ms8.5级地震.     

两次巨震的天文影响

讨论了1960年智利Ms8．9和2004年印度洋Ms8．7地震的天文影响，它们的影响方式虽有不同，但都是在天文大事件的背景下发生的。     

1995年河北省及华北地区震情

1 1995年河北省及京津地区地震活动实况1.1 据河北省地震台网测定,1995年1月1日至1995年12月31日河北省及京津地区共发生地震1382次,M_L<2.0级地震1110次,M_L2.0～2.9级地震246次,3.0～3.9级地震25次,M_L≥5.4级地震1次,最大地震为1995年10月6日滦县Ms5.0级地震.1.2 1995年河北省及邻近地区发生了多次小震群活动,特别是1995年7月20日涿鹿震群持续时间长达半年多,呈现了震级大、持续时间长、衰减异常的特点.     

用sPn计算四川省攀枝花地震的震源深度

本文推导了sPn与Pn波走时差与震源深度的方程,方程中sPn与Pn波的走时差与震中距无关,只与震源深度和区域地壳模型有关.根据该方程,提出用sPn与Pn的走时差来测定地震深度.2008年8月30日和8月31日在四川省攀枝花和会理交界处分别发生了Ms6.1、Ms5.6两次地震.但是,在四川省地震台网地震目录中缺少8月30...     

汶川大地震北京地区形变观测的同震效应与特征分析

2008年5月12日在中国汶川发生了Ms8.0强烈地震,这是继2001年11月14日昆仑山8.1级地震后,中国大陆发生的又一次巨大地震.这次地震发生后1个月内,余震不断,最大的余震为2008年5月26日发生的6.4级地震.     

四川长宁Ms6.0地震震区上地壳速度结构特征与孕震环境

北京时间2019年6月17日22时55分,四川省宜宾市长宁县发生了Ms6.0地震(28.34°N,104.90°E),四川盆地内部及边缘地带的深部孕震环境和潜在地震危险性再次引起了国内外地震专家和学者们的密切关注.为了揭示长宁Ms6.0震区的深部介质结构特征和孕震环境,综合解译地震活动的构造背景和展布特征,本文充分收集...     

2001年7月11日甘肃省肃南县祁青5.3级地震的基本特征

2001年7月11日在甘意省意南县祁青乡发生了Ms5．3地震，经震后现场考察，总结了这次地震的基本参数、烈度与震害、发震构造等基本特征。     

汶川M_S8.0地震孕震机制及同震影响研究

2008年5月12日14点28分,汶川发生了震惊全球的Ms8．0特大地震。汶川地震震前各种可识别的异常仅20多项,而1975年2月4日海城Ms7.3地震前可识别异常达1500多项。如此大的差异是什么原因造成的？这么大的地震震前为什么没有发现非常明显的背景异常？为什么这一地区地壳年应变积累率并不很高却能发生如此大的地震？是认识的问题还是监测手段的问题？还是地震根本就无法预报呢？     

2014年于田7.3级地震的发震构造及动力学背景的初步分析

2004年2月12日新疆维吾尔自治区于田县发生了Ms7.3级地震,其发震断裂为阿尔金断裂带西南段的贡嘎错断裂带.由于地处高山无人区,存在区域历史地震漏记,但1970年以来5级以上地震活动是完整的,近20年来强震活动增强.综合分析认为,2008年于田Ms7.3地震可能加速了本次地震的发生.根据经验统计关系估计,2014年于田地震的同震地表破裂为30-40km,最大水平位错量为1.0-1.5m,地震的复发周期为300-400年.通过阿尔金断裂上前人资料和区域构造的综合分析,认为2014年于田地震是在青藏高原向北东运动背景下左旋走滑的阿尔金断裂向南西端扩展的结果.     

强震观测网、高灵敏度地震观测网、地中强震观测网、宽频带地震观测网

阪神·淡路大震灾后 ,日本着手对原有的地震观测体制作彻底改革 ,多项全国性配置地震计的计划同时开始启动。地震引起的地面晃动的程度不尽相同 ,无感微小地震引发的晃动仅有 0 .0 0 1 μm,频率为1 0 Hz;巨大地震引起的地面晃动的幅度高达 2～ 3 m,周期也有几十秒。虽说都称之为地震计 ,但由于地震动的振幅和频率涉及的范围太大 ,所以应针对观测对象选用不同类型的地震计。下面介绍不同类型的观测网。1　强震观测网 ( K- NET)无论大地有多大的晃动都能将其准确记录下来的地震计称之为强震计。它构造坚实 ,信号明确 ,通常设置在地表 ,对了…     

Age, geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of Mahukona Volcano, Hawai`i

The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km³) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high ³He/⁴He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized.     

The Yecheng,Xinjiang, China,earthquake of February 14, 1980

In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m _b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment.     

Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration

Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production. Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation, rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind. Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people. Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population.     

Physical properties,vitrinite reflectance,and microstructure of coal,Taiyuan Formation,Qinshui Basin,China

In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization.     

Spatial distribution,source apportionment,and associated risks of trace metals (As,Pb, Cr,Cd, and Hg) from a subtropical river,Gomti, Bangladesh

Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×10⁴.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。