周期性停食对鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)幼鱼摄食、生长和消化酶活力的影响

在水温(22±2)℃条件下,采用周期性停食胁迫方法研究鱼幼鱼摄食、生长和消化酶的变化情况。结果表明,饥饿组与对照组的特殊生长率差异性显著(P<0.05);不同停食时间胁迫下,试验组的摄食率和特殊生长率与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),停食3天鱼幼鱼的食物转化率比对照组高,表明鱼幼鱼具有部分补偿能力;消化酶在不同的组织中变化情况各不相同,饥饿开始后各器官中的蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均下降。随饥饿时间延长,蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶出现上升现象,但上升程度各不相同。恢复投喂后各组织中的蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均上升;随恢复投喂时间延长,各试验组中鱼幼鱼各器官组织中的消化酶变化情况也各不相同。     

A field study of the development of wind-waves

This paper presents the results of observation on the development of wind-waves which were generated in a lake water about 420 cm deep with a fetch 12 km long. Measurements of surface elevation were carried out at the end of an observational pier where the water depth was 80 cm. The wave momentum flux, i.e., the growth rate of the wave momentum, was estimated from both significant waves and power spectral densities for the wave records. The values obtained by the two ways accorded fairly well and they were 57 % as large as the wind stress measured simultaneously. The exponential growth rate of spectral densities for a frequency component was in good accord with that observed bySnyder andCox (1966) and by others. If these growth rates are applied to all the components of the spectrum, the wave momentum flux must exceed the wind stress. This cannot explain the experimental results nor can be physically accepted. The difference of spectral densities between the two successive runs showed that the increase of spectral densities was. limited in several bands of frequency. The phenomena are discussed in relation with the overshoot-undershoot effects studied byBarnett andSutherland (1968).Observational results suggest that the spectral growth of a certain component is closely related to the spectral densities of other components. Energy exchange among componented waves has not been considered in the theories for generation and development of wind-waves established by Phillips, Miles and others.New generation mechanism suggested byLonguet-Higgins (1969) was found to be able to describe the observed growth rates of the form(f)={(1/2)(t–t_1/2)}²: the spectral density(f) was proportional to the square of durationt. However, the mechanism can not explain the overshoot-undershoot effects peculiar to the equilibrium spectrum of windwaves.Three frequencies characterizing the discrete distributions of frequency bands where spectral densities increased were examined and three waves corresponding to these frequencies were found to be satisfying the resonance conditions for the wave-wave interactions among three sinusoidal wave trains as studied byPhillips (1960),Longuet-Higgins (1962) andBenny (1962). The interactions are suggested to predict well both the spectral growth proportional to squares of duration and the ceaseless oscillations of spectral densities in an equilibrium spectrum.     

Prediction of ocean waves based on the single-parameter growth equation of wind waves (II) introduction of grid method

The present study is a modification of the wave prediction model presented in the first paper of this title (Kawai et al., 1979) based on the Toba's (1978) single parameter equation of the wind wave growth. The introduction of a grid method reduces the two defects pointed out inKawai et al., i.e., the absence of the prediction of certain instants at fixed points, and the concentration of wave energy at certain points in the wind direction, arising from the lack of treatment of the lateral spreading of wave energy around the wind direction. The new model is applied to the same set of data. The results shows overall improvements, such as the elimination of certain overestimate in the first study and the coincidence of the predicted maximum with the measured one. The swells are separately hindcasted and a very good agreement with measurement is obtained.     

四种营养盐对舟形藻(Navicula)BT001生长速率的影响

以I.A.M.收集的培养基Ⅱ为基本培养基,采用单因子和L16(45)正交设计法,进行了舟形藻BT001对N、P、Fe、Si四种营养盐最适需求的研究,并在此基础上,研究了尿素对正交优化组合的影响以及以尿素作为氮源对正交优化组合的影响。结果表明,N、P、Fe、Si四种营养盐最佳单因子水平为:KNO3,300mg/L;Na2HPO4·12H2O,40mg/L;FeCl3,4mg/L;Na2SiO3·9H2O,200mg/L。四种营养盐正交组合水平为:KNO3,150mg/L;Na2HPO4·12H2O,40mg/L;FeCl3,4mg/L;Na2SiO3·9H2O,200mg/L。在正交组合水平基础上,添加16mg/LCO(NH2)2,可更好的促进该藻的生长和繁殖。在8天的培养中,最大细胞相对生长率可达0.1577。在等摩尔氮源的条件下,以CO(NH2)2代替正交优化水平组合中的KNO3对舟形藻BT001进行11天的培养。结果表明,以CO(NH2)2为氮源的藻细胞最大生长密度可达2.69×105cell/ml,明显地高于硝酸钾作为氮源培养的藻细胞密度。     

合浦珠母贝代谢产物对异枝麒麟菜生长的促进作用

于１９９５年４月间在海南省三亚市、陵水县分别采集合浦珠母贝和异枝麒麟菜并进行混养实验，测定贝释放的三氮（ＮＨ４－Ｎ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ）以及藻类对贝释放的三氮的吸收及其生长，在期探讨合浦珠母贝代谢产物促进异枝麒麟菜生长的原因。结果表明，贝释放物中以ＮＨ４－Ｎ为主，ＮＯ３－Ｎ次之，ＮＯ２－Ｎ含量较少；藻对三氮的吸收 依此顺序递减。实验组藻体的生长速率明显高于对照组的，在模拟实验组中，通过加入无机     

紫外光对有毒甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻的生态学效应

对1991年分离自南海大鹏湾海域的塔玛亚历山大藻单克隆培养林在不同光照条件、辐射强度（9.5，5．9W／m2）（辐射剂量为：95，190，380,760,1520J/m2）和营养盐（N，P）浓度下，进行紫外辐射敏感性的研究。结果表明，紫外辐射可以导致细胞变形、增大和死亡。不论在什么条件下，低剂量的紫外辐射（95J／m2）就能使该藻的存活率和生长率大幅下降。此后，随着辐射剂量的增加，虽然存活率和生长率继续下降，但下降幅度渐缓。充足的营养盐和辐射处理后的连续光照对藻群的恢复有益，但在缺氮和缺磷条件下培养的藻群，可能由于生理活性减弱而导致对紫外辐射敏感性的迟钝。辐射强度对该藻的紫外辐射敏感性的影响十分显著，而且与辐射剂量具有明显的双重效应。     

烷烃与海水界面张力的研究

于１９９１年３月－１９９２年６月间用滴体积法较系统地测定正已烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、异辛烷、正十二烷、正十六烷和煤油与海水在不同的温度（１６－４０℃）和盐度（１０－４０）范围内的界面张力，测定值的相对误差≤０．５％。对数据进行统计处理后，归纳出所研究烷烃－海水界面张力与温度和盐度的经验关系式，计算与实验值相对误差≤０．５％。     

山东近岸海湾微型浮游植物分布及其丰度与营养盐相关性研究

2006年7月至2007年10月对山东近岸的威海湾、荣成湾、桑沟湾、靖海湾、五垒岛湾及乳山湾(37°28.7'-36°46.3'N,121°28.8'-122°39.6'E)的26个站位按季节进行了4个航次的现场调查,分析了6个海湾不同季节的微型藻类及营养盐情况,并进一步对几种主要微藻类群与各种营养盐之间的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,各海湾微型浮游植物的平均丰度在456.3×104-2332.2×104cell/L之间;夏季和春季的主要优势种为硅藻:冬季主要优势种为黄藻;秋季主要优势种为隐藻.不同微藻类群与不同营养盐的相关性差异显著,其中,与NH4-N的相关性依次为:绿藻＞黄藻＞隐藻＞甲藻＞硅藻＞金藻,相关系数依次分别为0.965、0.929、0.761、0.748、0.671和-0.304;与NO3-N的相关系数的绝对值为金藻＞隐藻＞甲藻＞硅藻＞黄藻＞绿藻;与PO4-P的相关系数的绝对值则为甲藻＞金藻＞绿藻＞黄藻＞隐藻＞硅藻.     

New computation of the wind stress over the North Pacific Ocean

The wind-stress field in the North Pacific Ocean during 1961–75 is computed from nearly five million ship reports. With a drag coefficient having a linear relation to wind speed, annual mean and monthly mean wind-stress fields are obtained, and their features are described.Compared with the stress fields obtained byHellerman (1967) andWyrtki andMeyers (1976), the eastward component of the stress in the present study is larger in magnitude and the northward one smaller in magnitude, especially in the trade wind region. Differences in the drag coefficient do not have a pronounced effect on the estimated stress field. Long-period inter-annual variations in the wind field are the most likely cause of the discrepancies between the present study and those of the above authors.The maximum of the wind-stress curl, estimated from the annual mean wind-stress fields, is as large as 1.0×10^–8dyn cm^–3 around 30°N, and is larger than that estimated byEvenson andVeronis (1975). The discrepancy is considered to be mainly due to differences in the computed stress field itself rather than due to differences in the grid size used in the stress computations.The Sverdrup transports integrated from the eastern boundary on the basis of the present stress field have a maximum greater than 40×10^–12cm³ s^–1 (Sv.) near the western boundary around 30°N. This value is closer to the observed transport of the Kuroshio than that based on Hellerman's stress field.     

极大螺旋藻富积重金属机理的研究

于1993年5月由南京大学藻类培养室提供极大螺旋藻藻种,用Zarrouk培养基培养后,用活藻体和甲醛杀死的藻体分别进行吸附实验;过滤出的藻体置于6×10－3g／L左右浓度的Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+离子混合液中。结果显示,死、活藻体都具有相似的吸附能力,对Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+的富积大于203倍,对Cu2+的富积大于185倍;用热水提取、DEAE-纤维素D-23柱和SephadexG－200柱纯化后,获得了纯细胞外壁多糖,其分子量为52kD。将该糖溶液盛在透析袋内,并置于4种离子混合液中进行吸附实验,结果显示,核糖对Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+的富积倍数分别达1744,1644,1340,1750。藻体和多糖对Co2+,Ni2+,Zn2+的吸附都高于对Cu2+的吸附。比较藻体与多糖对4种离子的吸附结果可见,藻体对离子的吸附主要是多糖的作用;多糖的红外光谱显示,金属离子改变OH和CO－NH的吸收峰,表明这两种基团与金属离子发生了络合作用;对Cu2+的络合滴定测定表明,Cu2+与多糖的结合度为0．40。     

不同聚合度琼寡糖对肝细胞内外抗氧化活性的影响

通过研究不同聚合度琼寡糖对肝细胞的内外抗氧化活性的影响,对琼寡糖聚合度与活性间的关系进行了评价。利用二苯基苦味酰肼自由基(DPPH·)检测方法研究了琼寡糖的细胞外抗氧化活性,结果表明,琼六糖具较高的淬灭自由基活性的能力。采用二氯荧光素检测方法(DCF)细胞内的活性,结果与细胞外的活性结果相吻合,并抑制H2O2所造成的细胞氧化损伤及死亡。通过选用五种聚合度的琼胶寡糖,研究了其抗氧化活性,从细胞内、外两个水平说明琼六糖均有良好的清除自由基活性的能力,进一步证实琼寡糖的抗氧化作用较强。     

An eastward flow at lower middle latitudes derived from a three-layer model of a wind-driven ocean circulation

The steady state wind-driven circulation in an immiscible three-layer ocean bounded only by a meridional east coast and a flat bottom is studied. Particular attention is paid to the occurrence of internal modes of motions in the Sverdrup transports (Sverdrup, 1947). The thicknesses of the upper two layers are of the same order and are allowed to vary up to the same order as the layer thicknesses themselves. Frictional transfer of momentum across the interfaces and the frictional boundary layer at the east coast are neglected. An eastward flow is obtained in the uppermost layer at lower middle latitudes. Though the particular feature in the wind-stress distribution as revealed byYoshida andKidokoro (1967a, 1967b) is not taken into account, the results show good agreement with the observed flow pattern of the Subtropical Countercurrent. Beneath the Subtropical Countercurrent a westward flow is predicted. These flows exhibit an internal mode of motions associated with a subsurface thermal front.     

南海大鹏湾盐田海域骨条藻数量的多元分析

１９９０年及１９９１年３月３０日－５月３０日，在南海大鹏湾盐田海域设点测定骨条藻数量及各环境要素，以逐步回归，主成分分析及判别分析的方法，分析该海区骨条藻数量与环境因子的关系。１９９０年４、５月与１９９１年４，５月骨条藻数量差异与该期间环境因子值差异显著有关；初步提出用三维主成分分析图及判别分析方程作为盐田海域骨条材料潮预报的方法。     

渤、黄、东海三维潮波运动数值模拟

采用POM三维海流数值模式模拟渤、黄、东海潮波运动。所得潮汐调和常数与77个测站的观测值的平均绝对误差：m1振幅1．92cm,迟角4．39°;M2振幅4．70cm,迟角5．08°。模拟结果显示M2分潮流共存在8个圆流点,m1岁潮流共存在9个圆流点。其中,M2分潮流在舟山群岛附近与m1分潮流在黄海北部和台湾海峡谷存在一个圆流点,这三个圆流点是本文数值模拟所首次显示的,需进一步的观测验证它们实际存在与否。模式还得出湍流涡动系数分布。     

掺铝氧化锌厚膜制备及其对三甲胺和海产品鲜度的敏感性

用烧结法制备掺铝氧化锌厚膜，把氧化锌粉末分别同０％，１％，３％，５％的Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉末机械研磨混合均匀，在１１００℃下烧３ｈ，再同粘合剂，有机溶剂混合制成浆料，用刮刀法在氧化铝基片上浆料制成膜，在１００℃下烘干后再经１１００℃烧结２ｈ。膜的灵敏度的测量方法是将膜放在玻璃管内加热到测量温度，测量膜暴露在一定浓度ＴＭＡ气体或由牡蛎放出的气体时电阻值的变化。测量温度为２００，２５０，３００℃和４００℃，Ｔ     

Origin of pockmarks and chimney structures on the flanks of the Storegga Slide,offshore Norway

Seafloor pockmarks and subsurface chimney structures are common on the Norwegian continental margin north of the Storegga Slide scar. Such features are generally inferred to be associated with fluid expulsion, and imply overpressures in the subsurface. Six long gravity and piston cores taken from the interior of three pockmarks were compared with four other cores taken from the same area but outside the pockmarks, in order to elucidate the origins and stratigraphy of these features and their possible association with the Storegga Slide event. Sulfate gradients in cores from within pockmarks are less steep than those in cores from outside the pockmarks, which indicates that the flux of methane to the seafloor is presently smaller within the pockmarks than in the adjacent undisturbed sediments. This suggests that these subsurface chimneys are not fluid flow conduits lined with gas hydrate. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates and Bathymodiolus shells obtained from a pockmark at >6.3 m below the seafloor indicate that methane was previously available to support a chemosynthetic community within the pockmark. AMS ¹⁴C measurements of planktonic Foraminifera overlying and interlayered with the shell-bearing sediment indicate that methane was present on the seafloor within the pockmark prior to 14 ka ¹⁴C years b.p., i.e., well before the last major Storegga Slide event (7.2 ka ¹⁴C years b.p., or 8.2 ka calendar years b.p.). These observations provide evidence that overpressured fluids existed within the continental margin sediments off Norway during the last major advance of Pleistocene glaciation.     

长蛸(Octopus minor)初孵幼体培育与生长研究

采用光滑河蓝蛤和菲律宾蛤仔两种双壳贝类培养长蛸幼体,分析其生长和存活情况。结果显示,长蛸初孵幼体无外卵黄,体表光滑,第一对腕(最长腕)约为胴长的2.9倍,腕吸盘两列,第1—4对腕平均吸盘数(n=3)分别为66±4.60、55±3.76、43±4.59和41±3.82;1—15d幼体投喂的是光滑河蓝蛤(壳长15.4—20.3mm),之后投喂菲律宾蛤仔(壳长33.2—39.3mm);幼体30d—70d总成活率由80.99%降至54.65%;整个培育过程中,幼体生长率与饵料效率呈极显著线性回归关系(P0.01),y=1.452x-2.731(R2=0.865);1—80d胴长/全长比增幅高于腕长/全长,表明胴体增长快于腕的增长;各腕吸盘数变化不显著;幼体鲜重与培养天数呈指数函数关系,Wt=0.301e0.010t(R2=0.854,P0.01);长蛸幼体最终生长率为122.05%,平均生长率为9.97%/10d。     

海湾扇贝控温育苗采卵时间的预报方法

于１９８８年３月－１９９３年５月，在威海崮山渔业公司和文登市海水养殖一场，采集海湾扇贝，运用二点法、最小二乘法和电动计数式积温仪测积温３种方法，进行海湾扇贝生物临界温度和控温育苗采卵时间预报方法的研究。结果表明：在升温促熟中，用３种方法求出的海湾扇贝的生物学临界温度分别为Ｔ０１＝９．００℃，Ｔ０２＝６．５４℃，Ｔ０３℃＝７．１１℃；这些结果是实验条件精度差异的反映，Ｔ０３精度较高。亲贝入池温度与促     

A model on the turbulent wind field over wind-waves in curvilinear co-ordinates

The wave-induced fluctuations of wind velocity over wind-waves measured in the wind tunnel experiment (Ichikawa andImasato, 1976) are compared with the numerical results estimated by a linear model (Model II) on the turbulent wind field over a dominant component of wind-waves. In the Model II, the undulation of mean air flow is introduced by adopting the curvilinear co-ordinates, and the existence of viscous sublayer and the influence of underlying wind-waves to background atmospheric turbulence are taken into account. The numerical results estimated by the Model II are in good agreement with the experimental results. The good agreement, which was not obtained from the previous model (Model I) in the Cartesian co-ordinates, is shown to be attributed to the undulating mean flow introduced in the Model II.     

海洋白浪寿命的定义及测量结果

通过对国内外白浪研究和应用的分析,首次提出了有效白浪寿命的定义,给出了计算白浪寿命的公式及测量方法和结果,并报告了以此方法在渤海实测的结果,得到了白浪寿命ＴＬ与海面风速Ｕ１０的关系为ＴＬ＝０．２６Ｕ１０以及白浪寿命概率分布近于瑞利分布等。