广西方解石脉型金矿床的地质特征及成因

在二叠纪孤立碳酸盐台地边缘和生物礁的复合部位 ,含金方解石脉受右江断裂作用影响 ,具有挤压、扭动、碎裂构造特征 ,矿体产状以脉状为主 ,次为不规则状。矿石结构构造为透镜状、条带状、扁豆状、浸染状、细脉状和角砾状。金属矿物除自然金、银外 ,还有黄铁矿、辉锑矿、辰砂、白钨矿、毒砂、磁铁矿、褐铁矿 ;脉石矿物以方解石为主 ,次为石英、高岭石 ,局部有萤石、水云母。围岩蚀变自内向外具有硅化、高岭土化、黄铁矿化→硅化、黄铁矿化→褐铁矿化、重晶石化。矿石品位变化极大 ,一般为 (1.5～ 19.0 6 )× 10 -6,最高 44 0 .6 6× 10 -6,方解石脉晶洞中产皇冠状狗头金 ,重 47kg ,揭示了金矿资源的前景     

桂西下甲方解石脉型水晶矿床特征及成因初步研究

桂西下甲方解石脉型水晶矿床是水晶矿床的新类型。它是古岩溶水被封存后,由于区域的剧烈沉降而被深埋于地下,从而获得高温、高压,使之转化为热液,溶解围岩形成石溶液。之后为褶皱上升,使上覆地层遭受剥蚀,形成有利于方解石和水晶的结晶条件。由于温度的变化而引起热液PH值的变化,从而使方解石和水晶在结晶过程中产生分异,形成水晶矿床。据此,此矿床可称为“构造-溶异”型水晶矿床。     

半宽金矿床流体包裹体特征及成因讨论

基于包裹体类型、均一温度、压力、盐和氢氧同位素研究，认为成矿流体主要来源于岩浆，但有天水混合。综合研究包裹体特征，成矿物化条件，微量元素特征和围岩蚀变组合、矿石矿物组合以及金的地球化学性质，提出本区金主要以Ａｕ－Ｓ，Ａｕ－Ａｓ和Ａｕ－Ｃｌ形式迁移，构造活动造成的热液系统压力的骤降是金沉淀的主要因素。     

胶东玲珑矿田石英脉型金矿床中流体包裹体特征研究

玲珑矿田含有两种类型金矿床,一是蚀变岩型金矿床,二是石英脉型金矿床。该文重点研究玲珑金矿田西山矿区石英脉型金矿床中流体包裹体的特征。石英脉型金矿床分布在玲珑帚状构造之中,含金石英脉受"帚状构造"的断裂和节理控制,有300余条。流体包裹体显微观察研究表明,玲珑石英脉型金矿新鲜花岗岩和钾化花岗岩主要含有H2O包裹体,其次有少量H2O-CO2包裹体;(黄铁)绢英岩通常含较粗粒石英集合体,石英中有丰富的H2O,特别是H2O-CO2包裹体;金矿体(含金石英脉)含有明显数量的H2O-CO2包裹体;特别是存在较大的三相H2O-CO2包裹体。不同期次(世代)石英中H2O和H2O-CO2包裹体的大小、形态、相对含量和丰度变化较大。     

胶东马家窑金矿床流体包裹体及S同位素特征研究

马家窑金矿位于胶东栖蓬福金成矿带盘马金矿田东部,本文针对该矿床主要成矿阶段典型矿石开展了流体包裹体及S同位素分析测试。研究表明,矿石中流体包裹体以纯液包裹体与富液体包裹体为主,局部发育富气体包裹体和H2OCO2三相包裹体,可见少量含子矿物富液体包裹体。包裹体均一温度集中于220～280℃,石英流体包裹体盐度（w（NaCl））集中于4.60%～8.60%,白云石流体包裹体盐度（w（NaCl））集中于5.14%～5.33%,流体密度集中于0.80～1.02g/cm3,估算成矿压力为200～285MPa,成矿深度约6.8～9.7km。矿石中黄铁矿δ34S值总体为5.3‰～15.9‰。成矿流体为中温、低密度、低盐度流体,具壳幔混合来源特征,矿床属中温中成热液矿床。     

内蒙古金厂沟梁金矿床成矿流体特征及稳定同位素研究

对金厂沟梁金矿床含金石英脉中流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、单个包裹体的激光拉曼测试以及O和S同位素组成等方面研究。结果表明,成矿流体气相成分主要为H2 O,属H2 O-NaCl体系,包裹体均一温度为148.7℃～352℃,盐度[ w （ NaCl ）/％]为1.05％～5.99％。δ18 O值为-1.1‰～3.0‰,说明成矿流体继承了变质流体的特征,仍以岩浆水和后期大气降水为主;δ34 SV-CDT组成为0.6‰～4.3‰,平均值0.817‰,极差为3.1‰,表明成矿流体中的硫主要来自于幔源,其次为围岩。综合分析认为,金厂沟梁金矿床是在燕山晚期太平洋板块俯冲导致岩石圈的快速减薄、拆沉的拉张环境下形成的浅成造山型金矿。     

含油气盆地微观裂缝脉体期次、成因与流体演化研究进展及展望

沉积岩石中断裂与裂缝是含油气盆地流体活动的重要通道,断裂与裂缝中充填的不同期次、不同类型的矿物脉体是烃-水-岩相互作用的产物,记录了断裂、裂缝形成过程中不同期次流体性质、组分、来源以及温压场、氧化还原环境等信息,为研究沉积盆地断裂发育、流体动力场特征、物理化学环境及封闭与保存条件等地层古流体活动、动态演化过程提供了重要线索。系统总结了含油气盆地微观裂缝脉体流体活动示踪、演化的基本方法及其地质应用现状,认为目前主要集中在三个方面:①通过对裂缝脉体充填的成岩矿物岩石学观察,分析成岩矿物类型、结构及形成的相对次序;②通过对脉体成岩矿物的同位素、微量-稀土元素、流体包裹体等地球化学测试,示踪成脉古流体性质、来源、温压-氧化还原环境等;③通过对脉体成岩矿物放射性同位素(如U-Pb、Re-Os等)的测试,精确确定脉体形成时间,结合区域构造演化探讨脉体形成过程、流体动力场环境及其动态演化过程。最后分析了现有研究方法存在的问题,探讨今后的发展趋势及地质应用前景,以期为含油气盆地古流体演化及其与油气运移、聚集与保存等油气成藏机理的研究提供参考。      

小秦岭金矿流体包裹体的初步研究

本文据流体包裹体特征,研究了产于太古界太华群中石英脉型和蚀变岩型金矿。根据流体包裹体的特征及有关参数,对与矿化有关的石英脉进行了形成期次的划分,提供了成矿信息,并对矿床成因进行了初步探讨。     

东胜铅锌矿床流体包裹体和稳定同位素地球化学研究

本文系统研究了东胜矿床的流体包裹体和稳定同位素地球化学特征。研究表明,矿床形成温度为240℃左右,成矿压力40—55MPa,成矿流体是一种高盐度、高密度的热流体。成矿物质来源以地层源为主,不排除早期有部分岩浆源物质加入。成矿热液具有大气降水特征,但早期可能有部分岩浆水摻入。东胜矿床层纹状矿体、脉状矿体以及冻青背矿床均是同一成矿事件中不同阶段矿化的结果。矿床成因类型为与印支期构造-岩浆热液活动有关的热液充填交代型铅锌矿。     

川东南丁山地区石牛栏组成脉流体来源与油气成藏

四川盆地东南部志留系油气成藏过程研究缺少成藏和破坏阶段的直接证据,丁山地区志留系石牛栏组储层内沥青和方解石脉体记录了储层内流体演化的信息,对研究油气藏油气成藏演化过程有重要的指示作用。运用显微岩相学、阴极发光、微区原位元素和流体包裹体分析方法,确定了古流体来源和活动时间,并恢复了甲烷包裹体古压力,结合烃源岩生烃演化史和地质特征揭示了石牛栏组油气成藏演化过程和主控因素。研究结果表明丁山地区石牛栏组储层内发育两期方解石脉体,原油充注发生在两期方解石脉形成之前。第一期方解石脉形成于距今约127 Ma,阴极发光颜色为褐红色,方解石脉形成于偏还原环境,成脉流体来源于同层位成岩流体。第二期方解石脉形成于距今约83 Ma,阴极发光颜色为褐黄色,方解石脉形成于偏氧化环境。龙马溪组烃源岩大量生油阶段在距今190~150 Ma之间,生成的石油充注到石牛栏组储层中并在距今约135 Ma裂解成气藏。甲烷包裹体捕获压力为51.77~57.46 MPa,储层压力系数为1.26~1.40。石牛栏组古气藏在燕山期以来,由于构造运动导致地层抬升剥蚀和断裂发育,促使天然气泄漏。      

辽河滩海地区东部构造演化与潜山带内幕油气聚集

郯庐断裂带在前古近纪及新生代分别发生左旋走滑和右旋走滑运动,造成辽河滩海地区东部的构造演化过程相对复杂。利用地震资料精细解释、构造分析和储层预测等方法,分析辽河滩海地区东部构造演化过程及潜山油气运聚。结果表明:前古近纪时期NE向左旋走滑的燕南、燕东断层,以及EW向的中—古生代断层形成燕南潜山带的内幕形态,潜山带北部内幕圈闭奥陶系储层厚度大、裂缝发育程度高;始新世时期东部凹陷沉积研究区烃源岩地层;渐新世时期燕南断层右行走滑影响潜山带的平面及纵向形态,并开启油气往潜山内幕圈闭运移的通道。该研究为下辽河—辽东湾地区的潜山勘探提供参考。     

雄安新区高阳地热田东北部深部古潜山聚热机制

为查明雄安新区深部碳酸盐岩热储的赋存特征与聚热机制,中国地质调查局近两年组织实施的雄安新区地热清洁能源调查评价工作,综合地温场背景、深部地质结构、凹凸相间构造格局、深浅断裂系统控热导热、地球物理场特征、区域水动力场、水化学场与温度场的多场耦合指示等综合探测手段,分析总结了高阳地热田东北部深部古潜山地热资源的最新勘查成果,阐述了雄安新区深部高温古潜山热田的聚热机制:①受太平洋板块向西俯冲影响,华北克拉通东部破坏明显,岩石圈、地壳厚度大嵋减薄,有利于幔源热向浅部的传导;②区域马西断层等深大走滑断裂切穿了岩石圈,有利于深部的幔源热物质和深部岩浆上侵入地壳;③热流由低热导率的凹陷区向高热导率的凸起区聚集,地下水沿断裂的深循环对流加热,区域岩溶地下水的汇流区等也有一定的聚热效应。在雄安新区深部碳酸盐岩热储聚热机制理论指导下,在高阳地热田东北部古潜山布设施工了两眼高温、高产地热井,井口水温分别达到109.2℃,123.4℃,揭示验证了雄安新区深部存在地热开发的第二空间——蓟县系碳酸盐岩热储,深部碳酸盐岩地热水温度高、流量大、开发潜力巨大。研究成果对雄安新区乃至华北盆地高温、高产地热井位的布设与深部碳酸盐岩热储开发利用的科学部署具有很好的示范与指导意义。      

轮古西奥陶系古潜山油藏油水界面的分布规律和控制机理

碳酸盐岩古潜山油藏储层非均质性强烈,油、水分布特征十分复杂.以现代岩溶理论为指导,通过对轮古西奥陶系古潜山岩溶地表古水系的详细分级刻画,采用趋势面分析方法对古潜山岩溶残丘次级进行了划分,结合单井油水界面判识结果,对残丘级次的控油规律进行了综合分析,并运用油气差异聚集原理阐述了其控制机理.研究结果揭示了古潜山油藏部分油井油水界面分布受控于不同次级的残丘,从运移近源低部位向高部位油水界面呈抬升趋势,由一级残丘控制向二级残丘控制变化.这一分布规律本质上是油气差异聚集过程中不断抬升的岩溶沟谷决定的溢出点和相对独立的缝洞单元联合控制的.这一认识可为油藏开发方案的制定和调整提供重要依据.     

Oasis System and Its Reasonable Development in Sangong River Watershed in North of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

An oasis is a kind of medium-sized or small-sized non-zonal landscape coming into being in the dry climate and supported by natural rivers in deserts, which is characterized by the comparatively high primary pro- ductivity and has the mesophytic plants or xero-mesophytic plants as the dominant vegetation (Jia, 1996). The oasis system, first of all, is a subsystem within the macro system of “mountain-oasis-desert” in the arid region. It is also a complex system where the natural and artificia…     

Episodic orogeny deduced from coeval sedimentary sequences in the foreland basin and its implication for uplift process of Longmen Mountain, China

Longmen Mountain located at the boundary between the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau,representing the steepest gradient of any edges of the plateau.Three endmember models of uplift process and mechanism have been proposed,including crustal thickening,crustal flow,and crustal isostatic rebound.Here we use coeval sedimentary sequences in the foreland basin to restraint uplift process and mechanism in the Longmen Mountain.The more than 10,000 m thick Late TriassicQuaternary strata filled in this foreland basin and can be divided into six megasequences that are distinguished as two distinct types.The first type is the wedge-shaped megasequences which are sedimentary response of strong active thrust loading events,characterized by a high rate of subsidence and sediment accumulation,coarsening-upward succession and a dual-sourced sediment supply.This type includes Late Triassic,Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous to Paleogene megasequences.The second type is the tabular megasequences,characterized by the low rate of subsidence and sediment accumulation,finingupward succession,and a single-sourced sediment supply,which is sedimentary response of isostatic rebound and erosion unloading.This type includes the Early to Middle Jurassic,Middle Cretaceous and Neogene to Quaternary megasequences.Basing on sedimentary,active tectonic,geomorphic evidence,we infer that the direction has been reversed from SSWdirected sinistral strike-slip to NNE-directed dextral strike-slip during 40-3.6 Ma,and since 3.6 Ma,the Longmen Mountain thrust belt belong to times of isostatic rebound and erosional unloading with NNEdirected dextral strike-slip.This suggests that crustal isostatic rebound is a primary driver for uplift and topography of the present Longmen Mountain.The Wenchuan(Ms8.0) earthquake,which ruptured a large thrust fault with NNE-directed dextral strikeslip along the range front,is an active manifestation of this crustal isostatic rebound process with dextral strike-slipping and shortening.This process may be the cause for the Wenchuan Earthquake and the apparent paradox of high relief,little shortening,the relative dearth of historical seismicity in the region.     

深层致密气藏超高温压裂液复合稠化剂

为满足大庆油田松辽盆地深度埋藏储层的压裂改造需要,研制适合超高温压裂的羟丙基胍胶(HPG)/聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合稠化剂,进行热重和差热分析实验和流变实验.结果表明,羟丙基胍胶和聚丙烯酰胺热降解温度在200℃以上;使用单组分的羟丙基胍胶作为稠化剂制备压裂液,在190℃及170s-1剪切条件下连续剪切40min,压裂液的黏度降至50mPa.s以下;使用羟丙基胍胶/聚丙烯酰胺复合稠化剂作为稠化剂制备压裂液,在200℃及170s-1剪切条件下连续剪切150min,压裂液的黏度保持在50mPa.s以上.羟丙基胍胶和自制小分子聚丙烯酰胺在溶液中形成梯形聚合物,抑制羟丙基胍胶高分子链的水解和氧化降解是复合稠化剂提高压裂液使用温度上限原因,该复合稠化剂的研制能够满足大庆油田松辽盆地深部埋藏200℃超高温气藏压裂增产改造的需求.     

莱北低凸起构造成因演化及其对沉积体系的控制作用

莱北低凸起构造样式和构造演化控制围区油气成藏和古近系砂体展布。结合最新的三维地震资料,根据断裂体系特征、构造样式和地层厚度等,研究莱北低凸起构造演化特征,在走滑构造作用下解析沙河街组和东营组古沟谷构造样式对沉积体系的控制作用。结果表明:新生代早期伸展作用控制莱北低凸起的初始隆升,始新世时期郯庐走滑断裂带活动强度加剧,剪切应力引起凸起发生扭动旋转,诱导先存边界断层发生共轭走滑;旋转运动使莱北低凸起北西侧和南东侧远离主走滑断层,造成局部伸展沉降,北东侧和南西侧发生挤压汇聚,产生垂向或水平方向调节构造,形成莱北低凸起现今的构造格局。莱北低凸起北西侧的快速沉降,引起郯庐断裂中支走滑断裂形成的古沟谷也逐渐向沉积坡折带转化,扩大东营组辫状河三角洲沉积体系的规模。该研究结果为莱北低凸起寻找有利储集层发育区提供指导。     

Estimation of land production and its response to cultivated land conversion in North China Plain

Food safety and its related influencing factors in China are the hot research topics currently, and cultivated land conversion is one of the significant factors influencing food safety in China. Taking the North China Plain as the study area, this paper examines the changes of cultivated land area using satellite images, estimates land productivity from 1985 to 2005 using the model of Estimation System for Land Productivity (ESLP), and analyzes the impact of cultivated land conversion on the land production. Compared with the grain yield data from statistical yearbooks, the results indicate that ESLP model is an effective tool for estimating land productivity. Land productivity in the North China Plain showed a slight decreasing trend from 1985 to 2005, spatially, increased from the north to the south gradually, and the net changes varied in different areas. Cultivated land area recorded a marginal decrease of 8.0 × 10⁵ ha, mainly converted to other land uses. Cultivated land conversion had more significant negative impacts on land production than land productivity did. Land production decreased by about 6.48 × 10⁶ t caused by cultivated land conversion between 1985 and 2005, accounting for 91.9% of the total land production reduction. Although the land productivity increased in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, it can not offset the overall adverse effects caused by cultivated land conversion. Therefore, there are significant meanings to control the cultivated land conversion and improve the land productivity for ensuring the land production in the North China Plain.     

Runoff variation and its response to climate change in Huolin River catchment,Northeast China

The Huolin River catchment (HRC) is located in the semi-arid region of Northeast China,which is very sensitive to climate change.The runoff in HRC is closely re...     

WIND WAVES SIMULATION IN THE NORTH AREA OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

A third generation wave model was developed to simulate wind waves in the South China Sea near Hong Kong. The model solves the energy conservation equation of the two dimensional wave spectrum by directly computing the nonlinear energy interaction among waves of different frequencies, thus avoiding the imposition of restrictions on the shape of the predicted spectra. The use of an upwind difference scheme in the advective terms produces an artificial diffusion which partly compensates the dispersive effect due to the phase velocity differences among various wave components. The use of a semi-implicit scheme for the source terms together with a special treatment of the high frequency tail of the spectrum allows a large time integration step. Verification of the model was done for wave hindcasting studies under conditions of two typhoons and two cold fronts in the north part of the South China Sea near Hong Kong . The model results agree well with the field measurements except that the presence of a dista