低渗透油藏非达西渗流面积井网见水时间计算

根据低渗透油藏面积注水开发的特点,在流管模型基础上推导出考虑启动压力梯度的四点井网、五点井网、反九点井网的油井见水时间的计算公式,并结合油田实际生产数据给出计算分析结果.该方法解决了低速非达西渗流不同于达西渗流的生产井见水时间的计算问题,为低渗透油田注水开发方案的设计提供了理论依据.     

基于生产动态资料确定储层渗透率非均质变化的参数反演数学模型

针对储层渗透率非均质性的研究方法一般只能代表岩心或者井底周围附近地带情况,既不能描述油藏参数区域性非均质分布特点,也不能充分反映非均质油藏里流体的实际流动状态.基于储层渗透率的7种不同非均质构型,在渗流数学模型基础上,构造二维单相反演渗透率非均质变化分布的算法,以实现结合生产动态资料确定储层渗透率非均质构型分布参数.数...     

考虑低渗透储层厚度非均质性的有效驱动半径计算及分析

低渗透储层驱动半径的计算方法一般基于储层等厚情况,忽视储层厚度变化对储层驱动效果的影响.根据源汇势能原理,考虑低渗透储层启动压力梯度,推导储层厚度非线性变化的有效驱动半径计算公式.计算结果表明:在平均厚度相同且厚注薄采条件下,储层厚度非线性变化时的驱动半径小于厚度线性变化时的驱动半径、大于等厚时的驱动半径,驱动效果明显...     

塔中4号油藏渗透率分布的非均质性及渗流方向研究

研究油藏内部油水渗流方向时，主要考虑渗透率影响，引入两个水平方向渗透率比、水平与垂向渗透率比参数来分析。前者反映样品所在储层平面上两个水平方向渗流能力的差异，后者反映样品所在储层水平与垂向渗流能力的差异，并经小柱样测试和全岩心测试两种方法确定两个参数。通过对塔中4号油藏CI油组9口井2306个样品两种渗透率比值分布直方图分析，研究了CI油组渗透率的非均质性及其渗流方向：CI油组储层在水平方向的渗流能力有很大差异，具有明显的方向性。储层垂向渗流能力明显小于水平方向的渗流能力。     

低渗透油藏七点井网的有效动用程度

为表征剩余油的分布规律,以及井网后期加密调整提供理论参考,利用叠加原理,求解考虑启动压力梯度的七点井网稳态压力方程,用压力公式推导流函数模拟井网单元间的流线分布.结果表明:考虑启动压力梯度时井网单元内存在流体流动区和不动区,定义为流动面积与井网单元面积比值的有效动用因数随储层参数变化而变化,启动压力梯度越大,有效动用程度越低,增加储层有效渗透率(如酸化、压裂)、增大注采压差和缩小注采井距能提高有效动用因数;储层物性较差时,缩小井距是提高有效动用因数的有效方式,储层物性较好时增大生产压差效果更好.     

低渗透气藏双重渗流耦合流动的产能方程

针对低渗透气藏的特征,基于稳定渗流理论,建立低渗透气藏气体在远井区渗流和近井区渗流的耦合流动的气井产能预测模型,包括远井区考虑启动压力梯度和滑脱效应的气井产能方程,以及近井区考虑高速非达西效应的气井产能方程.研究结果表明:启动压力梯度和高速非达西效应使气井产量下降,且随着启动压力梯度的增大,气井产量不断降低;增产措施和...     

具有压敏特征的稠油油藏水平井产能分析

依据幂律流体在压敏油藏中的稳定渗流理论以及水平井远井和近井区域渗流场的描述,推导考虑幂律性特征的稠油在压敏油藏中3种流态并存的水平井产量计算公式.依据区域边界流量和压力相等的原则给出方程解法,最终可求得水平井的产量.通过计算结果与油田实际资料的对比,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.对幂律指数、介质变形系数、启动压力梯度与水平井产量关系分析结果表明,稠油油藏水平井的产量与启动压力梯度和介质变形系数呈线性反比关系,随着幂律指数的降低,水平井产量快速下降.     

缝洞型低渗透碳酸盐岩油藏产量递减曲线分析

针对缝洞型低渗碳酸盐油藏,建立考虑启动压力梯度和动边界共同影响的三重介质低渗透油藏非线性非稳态渗流模型.鉴于数学模型的非线性和非齐次性,通过引入新定义的压力(量纲一)线性化压力扩散方程,应用Laplace变换和Duhamel原理结合Stehfest数值反演对模型进行求解,获得三重介质低渗油藏产量递减典型曲线,在产量递减双对数图上出现3个递减阶段和2个相对平缓稳定阶段;分析启动压力梯度、溶洞窜流系数、基质窜流系数、裂缝弹性储容比和溶洞弹性储容比与基质弹性储容比之比等敏感参数对产量(量纲一)的影响规律.计算分析表明,启动压力梯度越大,中后期产量递减曲线下降幅度越大.通过绘制的产量递减曲线图版,可以预测缝洞型低渗透碳酸盐岩油藏未来产量的变化.     

城华地区延安组延8～延10储层渗透率非均质程度研究

城华斜坡带油田位于陕甘宁盆地南端 ,延安组是一套在延长组古侵蚀面上形成的网状～曲流河沉积 ,该区的主要油组是延 8～延 10。着重讨论了城华地区延安组延 8～延 10储层渗透率非均质程度、引起强非均质性的主要原因、渗透率非均质性与沉积微相的关系以及非均质性和注采的关系。     

乌石凹陷M油田低对比度油藏成因机理及渗透率评价

乌石凹陷M油田主力油组砂体规模较大, 岩性主要为含砾中粗砂岩和砂砾岩, 其次为细砂岩。砂砾岩油层由于受特殊沉积和成岩作用影响, 浅层油层表现为高阻特征, 中深层部分油层电阻率与水层相差不大, 为测井流体性质识别及渗透率定量评价带来较大困难。以核磁、压汞、铸体薄片等实验资料为基础, 从微观研究高阻油层与低对比度油层储层特征的差异, 并且将储层按粒间孔、混合孔、铸模孔分为3类, 建立了M油田储层类型划分标准及渗透率预测模型。结果表明: 孔隙结构的复杂性造成的高束缚水饱和度是导致区域低对比度油层形成的主要原因; 储层分类后渗透率计算精度明显提高, 为油田开发方案的制定与实施及钻后评价奠定了坚实的基础。      

Multi-component joint inversion of gravity gradient based on fast forward calculation

With the development of gravity gradient full tensor measurement technique , three-dimensional (3D) inversion based on gravity gradient tensor can provide more accurate information .But the forward calcula-tion of 3D full tensor sensitivity matrix is very time-consuming, which restricts its development and application . According to the symmetry of the kernel function , the authors reconstruct the underground source of geological body to avoid repeat computation of the same value , and work out the corresponding relationship between the re-sponse of geological body to the observation point and the response of reconstructed geological body to the obser -vation point .According to the relationship , rapid calculation of full tensor gravity sensitivity matrix can be achieved .The model calculation shows that this method can increase the speed of 30-45 times compared with the traditional calculation method .The sensitivity matrix is applied to the multi-component inversion of gravity gradient .The application of this method on the measured data provides the basis for the promotion of the meth -od.     

Experimental Research on Quantitative Inversion Models of Suspended Sediment Concentration Using Remote Sensing Technology

Research on quantitative models of suspended sediment concentration(SSC)using remote sensing technology is very important to understand the scouring and siltation variation in harbors and water channels.Based on laboratory study of the relationship between different suspended sediment concentrations and reflectance spectra measured synchronously,quantitative inversion models of SSC based on single factor,band ratio and sediment parameter were developed,which provides an effective method to retrieve the SSC from satellite images.Results show that the b1(430-500nm)and b3(670-735nm)are the optimal wavelengths for the estimation of lower SSC and the b4(780-835nm)is the optimal wavelength to estimate the higher SSC.Furthermore the band ratio B2/B3 can be used to simulate the variation of lower SSC better and the B4/B1 to estimate the higher SSC accurately.Also the inversion models developed by sediment parameters of higher and lower SSCs can get a relatively higher accuracy than the sin-gle factor and band ratio models.     

Research and application on CSAMT constraint inversion

In this paper, according to the method of electrical constraint inversion, we can improve the accuracy of inversion interpretation using the constraint of electrical logging data in the inversion process, which is conducive to obtain more abundant geoelectric information. On the basis of the conventional OCCAM inversion algorithm, the model roughness in the objective function is improved, and the formula of the electrical constraint inversion iterative algorithm is derived in detail based on the modified objective function. Taking the geothermal exploration in Changbai Mountain area as an example, the measured CSAMT data are used as the resistivity model for inversion, and the electrical property is constrained by the actual data from wells drilled in the section. It can be found that the method of electrical constraint inversion can improve the accuracy of inversion interpretation and guide the development of constrained inversion methods in different ways.     

地质统计学在含水层参数空间变异研究中的应用进展与发展趋势

科学合理评价地下水资源,对统筹规划、合理开发利用区域地下水,保障区域生态环境安全至关重要。获取含水层参数空间变异规律是解决地下水渗流、污染物运移、地下水开发利用等诸多地下水问题的重要基础。然而,受常规勘察技术所限,含水层非均质性难以直接刻画。两点地质统计学通过变异函数确定随机变量相关关系,解决地质变量空间线性估计并表征其各向异性;多点地质统计学突破了空间两点间相关关系的局限,通过多点训练图像建模,有效反映含水层参数变量空间分布特征,也更适合模拟复杂结构地质体。据此,本文对常用的两点地质统计学在含水层参数空间变异研究中的实际应用作了简述和探讨,并以含水层渗透系数为媒介,阐述了岩土电阻率和水力梯度或水头与渗透系数在地质统计学中运用的限制性协同关系。应用对比了多点地质统计建模与传统地质统计建模相比所具有的优势,并探讨了后者受自身算法、建模方法等制约现如今仍然尚未解决的问题及未来发展方向。指出在卫星、雷达及遥感技术快速发展背景下,数据同化、机器学习等手段融合、集成和尺度推绎多源、多空间、多分辨率空间数据帮助地质统计学实现数值建模是大势所趋。     

A THEORETICAL DISCUSSION ON TYPES AND MEASUREMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｃｏｒｅｏｆｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｔｈｅａｒｅａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆｍａｎｌａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐＷＵ１９９１ｉｓｔｈｅｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔｏｆｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｏｉｎｔｏｆｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｔｈｅｃｏｏｒｄｉ-ｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍａｎｌａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｉｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｓｕｓｔａｉｎ-ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ．…     

Research on experiment and calculation of foam bursting device

This research presents experimental data on mechanical foam bursting device,based on the high speed of air fluid impinging insidethe foam bursting device,foam bubbles disrupted as a consequence of pressures changed very quickly as shear force and their impact forces.Experimental data on foam-bursting capacity have been presented.Designed device can provide effective foam bursting on collapse foam.     

Research on experiment and calculation of foam bursting device

This research presents experimental data on mechanical foam bursting device, based on the high speed of air fluid impinging insidethe foam bursting device, foam bubbles disrupted as a consequence of pressures changed very quickly as shear force and their impact forces. Experimental data on foam-bursting capacity have been presented. Designed device can provide effective foam bursting on collapse foam.     

耕地粮食生产潜力及人口承载力研究——以长清县为例

以长清县为例 ,利用 GIS技术和遥感数据 ,按照“机制法”原理计算耕地资源粮食生产潜力。重点是因地制宜、科学确定并计算土壤有效系数和社会有效系数 ,从而得到耕地生产潜力和社会生产潜力像元分布数据。在此基础上 ,进行粮食增产潜力计算 ,并预测未来人口数量发展趋势 ,探讨未来的人口承载力问题。结果表明 :该县粮食增产潜力巨大 ,但是粮食问题仍不容乐观。     

Study of frequency domain full waveform inversion based on Huber norm and L-BFGS algorithm

Full waveform inversion( FWI)is a high resolution inversion method,which can reveal detailed in-formation of the structure and lithology under comPlex geological background. It is limited by many kinds...     

Joint inversion of magnetotelluric and fullwaveform seismic data based on alternating cross-gradient structural constraints

Magnetotelluric(MT)inversion and seismic inversion are important methods for the interpretation of subsurface exploration data,but separate inversion of MT and seismic produces ambiguous and non-unique results due to various factors.In order to achieve accurate results,the authors propose a joint inversion method of two-dimensional MT and seismic data in the frequency domain.The finite element method is used for numerical simulation of electromagnetic data in the forward modelling,and the Gauss-Newton method is used for the inversion.The 9-point-finite-difference method is used to solve the seismic wave field in the acoustic wave equation,and the inverse problem of seismic data is solved by full waveform inversion with a conjugate gradient,a simple and fast method.Cross gradient functions are used to provide constraint structure between resistivity and velocity parameters to carry out the joint inversion.The joint inversion algorithm is tested by double-rectangular model synthesis data,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results show that the joint inversion results are better than those from separate inversion.The algorithm is applied to a geophysical model of a metalliferous deposit in Jinchuan and is compared with the separate inversion results.It shows that the results obtained with joint inversion are much closer to the real model.