东濮凹陷濮卫洼陷油气成藏期分析

综合利用断裂和圈闭发育史、油藏饱和压力、烃源岩主生排烃期、储层流体包裹体均一温度等方法对东濮凹陷濮卫洼陷油气成藏期进行了分析,并提出对于存在剥蚀厚度比较大的地区在利用饱和压力方法计算成藏期时应结合埋藏史。研究认为,该区主要为两期成藏,分别为古近纪末期和新近纪末期—第四纪,且东西两侧油气成藏期存在差异,东侧濮城地区两期成藏,在古近纪末期和新近纪末期—第四纪均发生油气充注成藏,而西侧卫城地区仅在古近纪末期存在油气充注成藏,为一期成藏。     

柴达木盆地北缘冷湖七号构造油气成藏过程与模式

本文在对冷湖七号油气成藏条件综合分析的基础上,依据构造发育史与烃源岩生、排烃史,结合流体包裹体均一温度,分析了冷湖七号构造油气藏形成期次和过程,总结了东、西2个构造高点的油气成藏模式。研究结果表明:①冷七1井N12层包裹体主要为含烃盐水包裹体和气态烃有机包裹体,其均一温度明显分为60~70℃和110~130℃两个峰值区,对应地质时间分别为N21—N22时期和N2末—现今。结合源岩生、排烃史和构造演化史分析表明N12—N22时期为冷湖七号油气成藏的主要时期;②冷湖七号东高点N21气藏形成机理与模式为:断控同生隆起—单源供烃—不整合、断裂输导—浮力驱动—次生型断裂遮挡油气成藏模式;西高点E3油藏形成机理与模式为:同生隆起—双源供烃—不整合、断裂输导—浮力驱动—残留型原生油藏成藏模式。     

松辽盆地南部中浅层油气藏的成藏史

利用圈闭形成时间法、生排烃时间法、油藏饱和压力法及储集层流体包裹体方法等综合评判了松辽盆地南部中浅层油气藏的成藏期;将埋藏史与生排烃的配置关系相结合来分析油气的分布规律。研究结果表明,松辽盆地南部中浅层油气藏具有多期成藏的特征,主要成藏期发生在嫩江期末、明水期末及第三纪,每一期都有对应的油气藏分布。综合分析的结果认为英台—四方坨子、华字井阶地、海坨子南及乾安凹陷等地区是下一步勘探的有利地区。     

琼东南盆地乐东—陵水凹陷中新统储层流体包裹体特征及成藏期研究

通过流体包裹体的镜下观察及均一温度测定,对琼东南盆地乐东—陵水凹陷中新统储层流体包裹体特征及成藏期进行了研究。研究表明:流体包裹体主要沿石英愈合裂隙呈带状分布,部分在石英颗粒边部分布或切穿多个碎屑颗粒;主要包括盐水包裹体、液烃包裹体、气烃包裹体和气液烃包裹体四种类型,其中烃类包裹体呈三期发育,荧光下多为黄色—蓝白色,有机质成熟度较高;流体包裹体的均一温度呈不连续分布,峰值主要集中在130~150℃范围内。根据流体包裹体的特征、产状及均一温度,综合分析认为,中新统储层主要发育三期烃类流体充注和一期CO2流体充注,其中第二、第三期烃类流体充注为主要成藏期,CO2流体充注发生在天然气充注晚期。结合埋藏史与热演化史可知主要成藏期为1.9 Ma~1 Ma,对应新近纪上新世莺歌海末期—第四纪更新世乐东期。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系气藏成藏期次

利用地质冷热台和激光拉曼光谱仪,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系储层流体包裹体显微荧光特征、均一化温度及包裹体成分进行分析测试,确定奥陶系气藏天然气充注时间及成藏期次。结果表明,研究区储层流体包裹体主要包括含盐水气态烃包裹体和纯气态烃包裹体两种类型。据包裹体均一化温度、包裹体气相成分分析结果,结合地区埋藏史,确定该区有两期天然气充注,对应地质时期分别为晚三叠世早期至早侏罗世末期和早白垩世末期至今,其中第二期为主要天然气成藏期。     

苏北盆地盐城凹陷朱家墩气藏成藏期次研究

在分析盐城凹陷构造演化史、朱家墩构造圈闭发育史和盐城凹陷主力烃源岩生、排烃特征的基础上,系统研究了朱家墩气藏K₂t(泰州组)储层流体包裹体类型、分布特征和均一温度。研究表明,K₂t储层流体包裹体明显分为盐水包裹体和有机包裹体;均一温度明显分为两期(即渐新世晚期和新近纪末期)。结合构造演化史、圈闭发育史和生、排烃史,并经综合分析认为,在渐新世晚期和新近纪末期,朱家墩气藏有过两期主要的油气充注,且以第2期充注为主。      

柴达木盆地深层天然气富集条件及勘探潜力

为明确柴达木盆地深层天然气勘探潜力，基于地震、地质、地球化学、录井及钻井等多种资料分析了柴达木盆地深层天然气藏的富集条件，并指出了有利勘探方向。结果表明：柴达木盆地深层具备形成大型气田的成藏条件，深层发育柴北缘侏罗系和柴西古近系两套优质气源，演化程度高，生气能力强；柴北缘深层发育基岩和古近系碎屑岩储层，柴西深层发育古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储集层，多种类型储层平面上分布广泛，纵向上组成多套储盖组合，发育的原生孔、溶蚀孔及裂缝等多种孔隙类型被认为是深层气藏富集的储存空间；持续活动的深大断裂是深层气源的优质通道；同时深层构造的形成与天然气生成具有良好的匹配关系，深层烃源岩具有早生烃、持续生烃特征，早期生成的液态烃在后期深埋过程中高温裂解成气，生气能力强，深层资源潜力大；盆地深层广泛发育的盐岩、泥质岩层及异常高压层有利于深层天然气保存。综合认为柴达木盆地深层气藏富集于断裂发育的生烃凹陷周围的圈闭中，柴北缘山前古隆起基岩、腹部构造带古近系碎屑岩和柴西环英雄岭构造带碳酸盐岩是深层天然气勘探有利区。     

柴达木盆地一里坪坳陷新生界咸化特征及生烃潜力分析

柴达木盆地目前所发现的油气都围绕着侏罗系、古近—新近系及第四系富烃洼陷区分布。近年来,围绕"富烃洼陷"油气勘探,发现了昆北和英东两个"亿吨级"油田、阿尔金山前东段"千亿方"天然气及扎哈泉"亿吨级"致密油勘探区,勘探成效显著。随着柴达木盆地建设千万吨高原油气田及新区、新领域勘探的迫切需求,借助于中国石油重大科技专项,利用硼元素及黏土矿物资料,引用科奇公式开展古水体盐度恢复,明确柴达木盆地新生界为咸化湖盆沉积。从柴达木盆地新生界咸化特征及与已知富烃洼陷进行类比,结合一里坪坳陷周缘有机地球化学测试资料,提出一里坪坳陷为潜在的生烃洼陷,可能为新的富烃洼陷,围绕该洼陷进行油气勘探将是一个新的接替领域,对柴达木盆地油气勘探具有重大战略意义。     

柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系分布特征

柴达木盆地具有丰富的油气资源,柴北缘、柴西、柴东三湖地区分别以侏罗系、古近系、新近系和第四系为主要勘探目的层。随着准噶尔盆地石炭系研究的进展和钻探的成功,石炭系已经成为中国西部地区重要的勘探层系。柴达木盆地的石炭系广泛发育,厚度较大,为一套碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩混合岩系,地质调查表明,石炭系为柴达木盆地一套潜在烃源岩。德令哈地区是柴达木盆地石炭系出露最多、地层层序最完整的地区。通过对德令哈及柴东地区MT勘探资料的处理解释和综合研究,对石炭系分布进行了深入研究,认为石炭系分布范围广、厚度大、构造稳定,其中欧龙布鲁克凸起油气成藏条件有利,是勘探的有利目标。     

辽河西部凹陷南段油气运移史研究与有利聚集区预测

通过流体包裹体均一温度测试、含油气包裹体指数GOI统计和盆地模拟,研究了渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷南段的油气运移史,预测了油气聚集的有利地区.包裹体均一温度资料表明,本区有三期成藏:东二期、东一期和明化镇期;以前两期为主.盆地模拟研究表明,尽管沙河街组烃源岩在沙一期末开始生烃,但在东营期才开始大规模排烃和成藏.GOI的统计分析表明,GOI>5%的区域为油气聚集的有利地区,其中的圈闭应成为下步首选的钻探目标,已发现的欢喜岭油田和双南油田就分布在GOI>5%的区域内.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.