黔南地区早二叠世大幅度冰川性 海平面下降的沉积学新证据

众所周知,石炭纪-二叠纪期间冈瓦纳大陆冰盖的推进和消融在低纬度地区形成了许多高频海平面升降变化和广泛分 布的旋回沉积.最新研究表明,石炭纪-二叠纪冰室气候时期的大陆冰盖是由一系列不连续的冰期组成.因此石炭纪-二叠纪 期间既存在高频低幅的海平面变化,也发育多次大幅度海平面下降.前者在华南地区已有研究证实,后者仍需要深入研究.描 述了贵州龙吟和紫云扁平剖面早二叠世碳酸盐岩地层中古岩溶特征,包括垮塌角砾岩及相关沉积构造,分别对应早二叠世两 次冰期导致的显著海平面下降,对深入了解华南地区早二叠世古地理演化具有重要意义.      

川黔湘交境早寒武世"变马冲组”沉积层序与古环境

川黔湘交境早寒武世“变马冲组”为一套陆源碎屑岩沉积，是在三角洲环境中形成的，该组相当于一个Ⅱ型三级层序，由陆棚边级体系域、海侵体系域和高水位体系域组成，分别代表了三角洲发育、萎缩和再发育的３个演化阶段，陆棚边缘体系域期，发育充相、三角洲前缘相和前三角洲相，以三角洲前缘相为主；海侵体系系域期，发育三角洲前缘相和前三角洲相，以前三角洲相为主；高水位体系域期，发育三角洲平面相、前缘相和前三角洲相、以三角     

拉萨北部旁多群坠石沉积的发现及其意义

报道了新发现的旁多群中部的打鲁雄剖面及其含有典型坠石的沉积特征。该剖面旁多群中部以陆源碎屑少、悬浮泥质沉积为主的欠补偿的深水盆地相沉积为特征，同时夹有水下冰碛岩、重力流沉积等。纹层状一薄层状的粘土质岩层内分布着粒径是基质的100-1000倍的棱角状一次棱角状、长轴垂直近垂直于纹层面或层面的碎屑和砾石。砾石上下的泥质岩具有顶凸下挠的现象。碎屑和砾石及其对上下地层的影响表明其为坠石沉积。旁多群中指示冰川、冰筏沉积作用存在的坠石的发现，有力地证明了青藏高原石炭纪——二叠纪冈瓦纳相地层形成于受到冈瓦纳大陆冰川影响的海相环境。     

安徽巢北早石炭世和州组沉积特征及旋回地层

巢湖北部地区位于下扬子板块北部边缘部分,下石炭统发育良好,分布广泛,其中和州组发育特征明显。在进行详细的野外测量和描述基础上,对和州组剖面进行岩石学沉积环境沉旋回性分析,确定了该组的沉积构造并探讨了旋回地层的成因。和州组剖面由5个水体向上变浅的旋回组成,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ旋回下部为灰岩,上部为泥岩,构成下厚上薄的的结构单元,反映水体周期性向上变浅,属于开阔台地沉积环境;旋回Ⅳ、旋回Ⅴ,达到最大海侵,为台地边缘浅滩相沉积环境。石炭纪扬子板块的海平面变化受冈瓦纳大陆冰川消长影响显著,沉积层序具有等时性,冈瓦纳大陆冰川型全球海平面变化是控制沉积旋回的主要因素。     

西藏措勤盆地下二叠统昂杰组沉积相分析

沉积相研究是进行含油气盆地勘探、评价的一项重要的基础工作。笔者根据在西藏尼玛县军仓乡拉加当实测剖面中所获得的资料 ,分析了下二叠统昂杰组的岩性特性、沉积相类型、剖面的垂向沉积演化和区域沉积特征。该组主要为一套砂岩 泥岩的暗色碎屑岩系 ,属冈瓦纳石炭纪—二叠纪冰川末期的边缘海沉积。其沉积类型既有冈瓦纳大陆稳定沉积的特点 ,又有滨岸条件下的低能沉积特征 ,主要为一套潮坪沉积组合 ,其沉积环境与短周期小规模近岸冰川活动有关。     

塔里木盆地上泥盆统与石炭系层序地层分析

塔里木盆地晚泥盆世-石炭纪为远离陆棚边缘的陆棚内部碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩陆表海沉积环境,在层序地层分布模式上与Vail等根据被动大陆边缘盆地提出的层序地层分布模式有所不同。共将上泥盆统-石炭系划分出五个层序,十四个体系域。其中,第Ｉ层序是在快速的海平面上升和陆源碎屑物质快速补偿条件下形成的;第Ⅱ层序代表陆源物质补给由快变慢的条件下形成的;第Ⅲ层序代表海面由慢速上升至快速下降过程中且陆源物质补给相对稳定条件下形成的;第Ⅳ层序代表海平面快速上升与陆源物质补给相对稳定的条件下形成的;第Ⅴ层序是在快速海平面上升及陆源物质供给补偿不足的条件下形成的。塔里木盆地晚泥盆世-石炭纪的沉积史是在相对海平面呈阶段性上升的海侵过程中发生的,可将这一时期的海平面变化划分为五个二级周期旋回。其中构造作用对第Ｉ、Ｉ、Ｖ周期的形成起了重要的作用。     

西藏申扎地区德日昂玛-下拉剖面：冈瓦纳和特提斯晚石炭世-早二叠世地层和古生物对比的桥梁

西藏北部申扎县永珠地区德日昂玛-下拉剖面中石炭系和二叠系地层发育完整,出露良好,化石丰富。该剖面中查果罗玛组碳酸盐岩地层(泥盆纪—早石炭世)和下拉组(中二叠世)碳酸盐岩地层之间的碎屑岩夹灰岩地层,在沉积上表现为冰海相杂砾岩,在古生物化石面貌上表现为特提斯-冈瓦纳古生物群混生。古生物群混生的现象为石炭纪—二叠纪的特提斯生物区与冈瓦纳生物区之间的地层和古生物对比建立了一座桥梁。永珠组中上部地层中同时产有牙形石和腕足类,牙形石的研究表明其时代为晚石炭世莫斯科期,而腕足类的研究则表明其为早二叠世萨克马尔期。这一矛盾预示着在(亲)冈瓦纳相地区晚石炭世晚期地层缺失的意见需要重新审视。     

内蒙古西部银额盆地及邻区晚古生代 海平面变化与沉积响应

晚古生代银额盆地发育一套石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩-碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩,沉积建造稳定,岩相清晰,地层层序和沉积体系域发育清楚。通过对区内沉积盆地地层特征和侧向变化分析,初步划分出了4个Ⅱ级层序,8个Ⅲ级层序,识别出若干个沉积体系域和层序界面,沉积层序具有伸展型层序特征,Ⅲ级层序Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ形成过程中盆地海平面上升速度快,对形成厚度大的暗色泥岩层有利。盆地沉积演化与构造活动密切相关,构造活动控制了海平面的变化。通过区域地层格架分析和层序地层学研究,可以进一步研究区域构造活动历史,从而更好地预测暗色泥岩和有利储层形成的有利环境。     

内蒙古西部银额盆地及邻区晚古生代海平面变化与沉积响应

晚古生代银额盆地发育一套石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩-碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩,沉积建造稳定,岩相清晰,地层层序和沉积体系域发育清楚。通过对区内沉积盆地地层特征和侧向变化分析,初步划分出了4个Ⅱ级层序,8个Ⅲ级层序,识别出若干个沉积体系域和层序界面,沉积层序具有伸展型层序特征,Ⅲ级层序Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ形成过程中盆地海平面上升速度快,对形成厚度大的暗色泥岩层有利。盆地沉积演化与构造活动密切相关,构造活动控制了海平面的变化。通过区域地层格架分析和层序地层学研究,可以进一步研究区域构造活动历史,从而更好地预测暗色泥岩和有利储层形成的有利环境。     

西藏九子拉地区上石炭-下二叠统来姑组冰海相混积环境特征浅析

研究区处于冈底斯带中北部,于晚古生代石炭-二叠纪冈瓦纳大陆北缘发生冰川作用并向北侧漂移。笔者通过剖面测量和面上地质填图调查,晚石炭-早二叠世来姑组为一套碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩建造与冰川作用砾石沉积混积物,表现为冰融滑塌杂砾浅海沉积为主。通过对来姑组一段-三段地层中混积物的分析由底向顶建立冰海相沉积序列,重塑冰川事件的历史过程,恢复研究区来姑组沉积环境特征及古地理格局。     

The late Paleozoic El Imperial Formation,western Argentina: Glacial to post-glacial transition and stratigraphic correlations with arc-related basins in southwestern Gondwana

The El Imperial Formation of the San Rafael Basin records a succession of depositional environments during the latest Mississippian to earliest Permian that span before, during, and after the glaciation of west central Argentina. At the base of the formation, a restricted marine environment is recorded in mudstone containing marl and rippled and deformed sandstone beds. This unit, or sequence 1, is incised by a deltaic facies association composed of cross-bedded sandstone and conglomerate that form at least 5 stacked Gilbert deltas. The deltaic facies association grades upward into the glacially-influenced facies association, made up of stratified diamictite, mudstone with dropstones, and massive deformed sandstone, indicating deposition by wet-based tidewater glaciers that calved icebergs into the basin, with contributions from mass movement processes. The glacially-influenced facies association is overlain by mudstone and horizontally laminated and cross-bedded sandstone of the post-glacial open marine facies association, recording post-glacial transgression followed by relative sea level fall. The deltaic, glacially-influenced, and post-glacial open marine facies associations comprise sequence 2. Sequence 2 is incised by conglomerate of the upper fluvial member, or sequence 3.The strata of the El Imperial Formation are correlated to those of the other arc-related basins of western Argentina: Río Blanco, Calingasta–Uspallata, and Tepuel. A Bashkirian transgression and fluvial incision in the El Imperial Formation correlate with events in the Río Blanco and Calingasta–Uspallata Basins to the north, whereas glaciation continues to the south in the Tepuel Basin through the Early Permian. The deviating stratigraphic record of the Tepuel Basin may be the result of its higher latitudinal position during the Pennsylvanian–Early Permian and higher altitude due to either tectonic convergence of the Patagonian microplate or convergence along the Panthalassan margin of southwestern Gondwana.     

上扬子地区晚二叠世沉积演化及聚煤

位于上扬子板块的贵州、滇东、川南地区发育着丰富的晚二叠世煤炭资源,本文对该区晚二叠世地层、沉积环境和古地理进行系统研究,提出该区岩石地层划分对比方案,在沉积环境方面,提出本区三大相区、五种沉积体系和多种沉积相类型。分龙潭早期、龙潭晚期和长兴期。论述了研究区晚二叠世古地理演化。并对聚煤作用控制因素进行分析,认为煤层发育层位受幕式聚煤作用控制,煤层厚度则与下伏沉积物的沉积环境有关,聚煤有利部位为位于海陆交互相区的黔西地区,有利聚煤的沉积体系为三角洲-潮坪体系。     

Facies and allostratigraphy of high-latitude, glacially influenced marine strata of the Early Permian southern Sydney Basin, Australia

The Sydney Basin of New South Wales, Australia is a foreland basin containing a thick (up to 10 km) Permo-Triassic succession. The southern margin of the basin exposes strata deposited during Late Palaeozoic glaciation of south-eastern Gondwana. The Early Permian Wasp Head, Pebbley Beach, Snapper Point Formations and Wandrawandian Siltstone were deposited between 277 and 258 Ma on a polar, glacially influenced continental margin adjacent to ice sheets located over East Antarctica and eastern Australia. Sedimentary facies, together with related ichnofacies and fauna, can be grouped into six facies associations that record marine sub-environments ranging from high energy, storm-dominated inner shelf to turbidite-dominated upper slope settings. Cold marine conditions, with near-freezing bottom water temperatures, are recorded by glendonites. Ice-rafted debris, most likely deposited by icebergs, occurs in almost all facies associations. An allostratigraphic approach, emphasizing the recognition of bounding discontinuities (i.e. erosion surfaces and marine flooding surfaces), is used to subdivide the Early Permian stratigraphy into facies successions. Three types of succession can be identified and record changes in the relative influence of allocyclic controls such as basin tectonics, sediment supply and glacio-eustatic sea level variation. Together, sedimentological and allostratigraphic data allow reconstruction of the depositional history of the south-western margin of the Sydney Basin. Initial marine sedimentation, characterized by sediment gravity flows and storm-deposited sandstones of the lower Wasp Head Formation, occurred adjacent to a faulted basin margin. Overlying successions within the upper Wasp Head, Pebbley Beach and Snapper Point Formations, record aggradation in inner to outer shelf settings along a storm- and glacially influenced continental margin. Tectonic subsidence and basin flooding is recorded by deeper water turbidites of the Wandrawandian Siltstone.     

Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the mid- to upper Palaeozoic succession in Northwest Peninsular Malaysia

The stratigraphy of the Devonian to Permian succession in Northwest Peninsular Malaysia is revised. The Timah Tasoh Formation consists of black mudstone containing graptolites and tentaculitids indicating a Pragian or earliest Emsian age. The Sanai Limestone overlies the Timah Tasoh Formation at Sanai Hill B and contains conodonts indicating a Late Devonian (Frasnian to possibly early Famennian) age. In other places, Late Tournaisian chert of the Telaga Jatoh Formation overlies the Timah Tasoh Formation. The overlying Kubang Pasu Formation is predominantly composed of mudstone and sandstone, and can be divided into 3 subunits, from oldest to youngest: (1) Chepor Member; (2) Undifferentiated Kubang Pasu Formation; (3) Uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation. The ammonoid Praedaraelites tuntungensis sp. nov. is reported and described from the Chepor Member of Bukit Tuntung, Pauh. The genus indicates a Late Viséan age for part of the subunit. Dropstones and diamictites from the Chepor Member indicate a glacial marine depositional environment. The Carbo-Permian, undifferentiated Kubang Pasu Formation consists of similar interbedded mudstone and sandstone. The uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation of Kungurian age consists of coarsening upward cycles of clastics, representing a shallow marine, wave- and storm-influenced shoreline. The Permian Chuping Limestone also represents shallow marine, wave- and storm-influenced deposits. A Mid-Palaeozoic Unconformity separating Early–Late Devonian rocks from overlying Late Devonian–Carboniferous deposits probably marks initiation of rifting on Sibumasu, which eventually led to the separation of Sibumasu from Australian Gondwana during the late Sakmarian (Early Permian).     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区山西组一段海相、过渡相沉积标志研究及环境演化分析

鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区在上石炭统太原组到下二叠统山西组沉积过程中经历了潮坪、泻湖—海陆过渡三角洲演化过程。在这一演化过程中山西组一段沉积环境前人研究后得出了不同的结论,有的认为属于陆相湖泊三角洲沉积,有的认为是海陆过渡三角洲沉积,还有的认为是湖泊三角洲,但受到间歇性海侵影响。在前人大量研究基础上,通过详细的岩心观察和岩石学特征的分析,在山西组一段发现了代表海相或海陆过渡环境沉积的典型特征,分别为①成分成熟度和结构成熟度均高的石英砂岩、②泥晶菱铁矿岩、③海百合、有孔虫骨屑泥岩、④铝土矿质泥岩和⑤粉晶白云岩。上述海相环境标志的存在,充分说明塔巴庙地区山西组一段沉积期为海相或海陆过渡沉积环境。在上述基础上讨论了山西组一段沉积环境的时空演化特点。     

塔里木盆地东南部石炭系,二叠系沉积与层序特征

塔里木盆地东南部中古炭统一下二叠统是一个顶底为Ⅰ类不整合所限定的二级沉积层序。该层序沉积期，塔里木盆地东南部存在三个古陆，两个浅海海峡，一个半深海斜坡。随着海面上升－静止－下降于不同部位形成了不同沉积体系及组合。海进体系域由中上石炭统的滨岸破坏性三     

西藏措勤盆地川巴地区下白垩统沉积相及含煤性研究

措勤盆地是西藏近年来矿产勘查的重要地区之一,其北部川巴地区是目前的煤炭资源调查远景地区。川巴地区下白垩统由下而上可划分为则弄群、多尼组和郎山组。在对川巴地区下白垩统露头剖面沉积特征研究的基础上,结合区域地质资料,共识别出浅海泥质陆棚、碳酸盐岩台地、混积台地、潮坪、辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲和辫状河7种沉积相。则弄群岩性主要为火山碎屑岩、细砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、砂岩,发育扇三角洲相;多尼组岩性主要为细砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、砂岩、泥岩及灰岩,夹炭质泥岩和薄煤层,发育辫状河、辫状河三角洲、混积台地和浅海泥质陆棚相;郎山组岩性主要为灰岩,夹细砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩,发育潮坪、混积台地和碳酸盐岩台地相。基于沉积相分析的聚煤规律研究,指出川巴地区主要成煤环境为多尼组辫状河三角洲平原分流间湾,阿格桑至川巴一线及其以东一带地区,是本区主要的聚煤作用带。     

西藏波密地区晚古生代地层层序及盆地演化分析

西藏波密及邻区松宗、然乌一带，下石炭统诺错组与中上泥盆统松宗组之间的层序不整合界线是藏东南地区冈瓦纳北缘晚古生代盆地性质转变的重要界面。界线之下的松宗组为稳定的碳酸盐岩台地沉积；界线之上，以大规模的火山活动、盆地裂解为标志，伴随着沉积盆地的持续沉陷和相对海平面的上升，沉积了以石炭系诺错组和来姑组为代表的向上变深序列，相对海平面在晚石炭世达到了顶点，以来姑组上部的含铁质板岩和大套的浊积岩为标志。其后。以洛巴堆组为代表的晚石炭世末期—二叠纪的沉积记录，则代表了一个缓慢的向上变浅的沉积层序。在这个向上变深再变浅的沉积盆地演化过程中，火山活动呈现了明显的由强转弱的变化轨迹。中侏罗统马里组陆相红色磨拉石不整合堆积于下伏地层之上，表明本区在晚三叠世—早侏罗世经历了一次规模宏大的褶皱造山事件。     

贵州纳雍地区含煤地层龙潭组中上段三角洲沉积体系

贵州纳雍地区含煤地层龙潭组中上段形成于三角洲沉积体系,其中中段形成于潮汐影响的河控三角州沉积体系;上段形成于坝后河控三角洲沉积体系。每一种沉积体系的持续发展形成了一个沉积幕,分别包括4个成因单元。每个成因单元代表了该沉积体系在某一阶段内受海平面升降影响而沉积的一套完整的进积至后期废弃沉积。这些沉积由5种沉积相,即上三角洲平原;下三角洲平原;水下三角洲平原;三角洲间湾（或边缘）以及三角洲废弃相组合构成。两种不同类型的三角洲沉积体系聚煤作用有着根本的差别:受潮汐影响的河控三角洲沉积体系代表了龙潭组最活动的碎屑沉积部分,聚煤差,煤层普遍不可采;坝后河控三角洲沉积体系相对较稳定,聚煤好,煤层普遍可采。不同环境和相组合中聚煤作用也不同,本区以上三角洲平原和三角洲间湾（或边缘）环境聚煤最好。总之该三角洲沉积体系是我国海陆交替相含煤地层中沉积厚度大、聚煤最丰富的三角洲沉积体系之一。     

Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental framework of the Early Permian sequence in the Salt Range, Pakistan

The Early Permian Gondwana regime succession of the Nilawahan Group is exposed only in the Salt Range of Pakistan. After a prolonged episode of non-deposition that spanned much of the Palaeozoic, the 350?m thick predominantly clastic sequence of the Nilawahan Group records a late glacial and post-glacial episode in which a range of glacio-fluvial, marine and fluvial environments evolved and accumulated. The Early Permian succession of the Salt Range has been classified into four formations, which together indicates a changing climatic regime during the Early Permian in the Salt Range region. The lower-most, Tobra Formation unconformably overlies a Cambrian sequence and is composed of tillite, diamictite and fresh water facies, which contain a floral assemblage (Gangamopteris and Glossopteris) that confirms an Asselian age. The Tobra Formation is overlain by marginal marine deposits of the Dandot Formation (Sakmarian), which contain an abundant brachiopods assemblage (Eurydesma and Conularia). Accumulation of the Dandot Formation was terminated by a regional sea-level fall and a change to the deposition of the fluvial deposits of the Warchha Sandstone (Artinskian). The Warchha Sandstone was deposited by high sinuosity meandering, avulsion prone river with well developed floodplains. This episode of fluvial sedimentation was terminated by a widespread marine transgression, as represented by the abrupt upward transition to the overlying shallow marine Sardhai Formation (Kungurian). The Early Permian Gondwana sequence represented by the Nilawahan Group is capped by predominantly shallow shelf carbonate deposits of the Tethyan realm. The sedimentologic and stratigraphic relationship of these four lithostratigraphic units in the Salt Range reveals a complex stratigraphic history for the Early Permian, which is mainly controlled by eustatic sea-level change due to climatic variation associated with climatic amelioration at the end of the major Gondwana glacial episode, and the gradual regional northward drift to a lower latitude of the Indian plate.