贵州习水奥陶系牙形石生物地层

贵州习水良村剖面地层发育齐全,是目前所知上扬子地区出露最为完整的奥陶系剖面之一。该剖面海相碳酸盐岩发育,具备优越的牙形石生物地层研究条件。本次,笔者等于此获得了丰富的牙形石标本,经研究建立了16个牙形石带,由下至上分别为Monocostodus sevierensis带,Cordylodus angulatus带,Glyptoconus quadraplicatus带,Tripodus proteus带,Triangulatus bifidus带,Serratognathus diversus带,Oepikodus communis带,Oepikodus evae带,Baltoniodus triangularis带,Baltoniodus navis带,Paroistodus originalis带,Baltoniodus aff.navis带,Lenodus antivariabilis-L.variabilis组合带,Pygodus serra带,Hamarodus brevirameus带以及Protopanderodus insculptus带。     

塔里木板块奥陶系鹰山组的地质时代北大核心CSCD

塔里木板块碳酸盐岩相的鹰山组地质时代有3种观点,分别为早奥陶世、早-中奥陶世、中奥陶世。归纳塔里木下奥陶统-中奥陶统界线附近的相关古生物资料,根据牙形石Serratognathoides chuxianensis等的延展时限,认为前人在柯坪、巴楚地区所建立的牙形石Paroistodus originalis带,Baltoniodus aff.navis带证据不足;原Tangshanodus带不能对比华北板块下马家沟组的Tangshanodus tangshanensis带,原定的Tangshanodus sp.已厘定为Erraticodon tarimensis,层位在Aurilobodus leptosomatus-Loxodus dissectus带之下和Serratognathus diversus带之上;Serratognathoides chuxianensis层位只限于下奥陶统弗洛阶的Oepikodus evae带,在塔里木该牙形石种亦仅见于A.leptosomatus-L.dissectus带之下。根据全球下奥陶统-中奥陶统界线的确认标准,宜将鹰山组上部牙形石Serratognathoides chuxianensis-Scolopodus euspinus-Erraticodon tarimensis组合划归下奥陶统弗洛阶,鹰山组时代应为早奥陶世特马豆克晚期至弗洛期。鹰山组与上覆地层之间存在沉积间断。     

湖北宜昌黄花场下奥陶统弗洛阶上部牙形刺生物地层分带及对比

在宜昌黄花场剖面弗洛期原Oepikodus evae带牙形刺生物地层系统研究的基础上,笔者等讨论了Stolodus stola,L.gladiatus,O.intermedius,Oepikodus communis,Prioniodus honghuayuanensis等重要的多分子器官种分类问题。认为Oepikodus evae带上部时限范围内并未见Oepikodus evae分子,所以与国际地层指南(2000)关于间隔带和延限带的含义相悖。本文通过对黄花场剖面牙形刺样品补充采样、系统检查和厘定原O.evae带内一些牙形石属种分类,分析了牙形刺垂向分布特征。厘定了原Stolodus stola亚带的首现层位,修订了原Oepikodus evae带的含义。在此基础上,以牙形刺带分子首现为标志,将红花园组上部—大湾组下段自下而上划分为4个间隔带和3个亚带。其中4个间隔带为:Prioniodus honghuayuanensis带,O.evae带,Trapezognathus diprion带和Baltoniodus cf.B.triangularis带。其中Prioniodushonghuayuanensis带,Trapezognathus diprion带,Baltoniodus cf.B.triangularis带为新建化石带。并在Trapezognathus diprion和Baltoniodus cf.B.triangularis带时限范围内划分3个亚带:Stolodus stola亚带,Oepikodus intermedius亚带,Microzkodina sp.A.亚带;其中Oepikodus intermedius亚带,Microzkodina sp.A.亚带为新建亚带。由于黄花场剖面中Trapezognathus diprion带-Baltoniodus cf.B.triangularis带时限范围内发现丰富的Reutterodus andinus,Oepikodus intermedius,Juanognathus variabilis等暖水型牙形刺,故此这两个间隔带可为北美中大陆地区同期地层划分对比提供良好的标准。这一划分方案也为进行洲际间不同生物地理分区的精细地层划分对比提供了详实的资料。     

安徽石台地区中—晚奥陶世牙形类生物地层研究北大核心CSCD

安徽石台地区柳树亭剖面是下扬子区中—晚奥陶世地层代表性剖面,本文对该剖面开展了详细的牙形类生物地层学研究。通过系统的样品采集分析,在柳树亭剖面的牯牛潭组和大田坝组自下而上识别出牙形类Lenodus antivariabilis带、Lenodus variabilis带、Yangtzeplacognathus crassus带、Dzikodus tablepointensis带、Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis带;宝塔组自下而上可识别出Baltoniodus alobatus带和Hamarodus brevirameus带。柳树亭剖面中—晚奥陶世牙形类生物地层序列可以在区域内乃至全球范围内进行较好的对比,但中—晚奥陶世之交缺失Eoplacognathus suecicus带、Yangtzeplacognathus foliaceus带和Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus带。     

华南下/中奥陶统界线附近笔石相的分异与全球下/中奥陶统界线生物标志的选择

通过对宜昌黄花场(扬子地台中部)大湾组剖面和重庆城口(扬子地台北部)的湄潭组剖面笔石动物群特征的分析,结合江西崇义地区(盆地相)、江南过渡带笔石动物群的研究成果,讨论了华南下／中奥陶统界线附近笔石相分异的现象,并探讨了下／中奥陶统界线附近笔石动物和牙形石的相互关系。认为宜昌黄花场剖面完全具备建立全球下／中奥陶统界线层型剖面和点(GSSP)的条件,牙形石B.triangularis的首次出现(FAD)是良好的界线生物标志。     

新疆塔里木板块台地和斜坡相区奥陶系牙形刺生物地层--揭示沉积间断和大坪阶地层之缺失北大核心CSCD

新疆塔里木板块台地和斜坡相区,如柯坪、巴楚和塔中井下奥陶系牙形刺序列由下而上可综合为:特马豆克阶的Variabiloconus aff.bassleri生物带,Cordylodus angulatus生物带,Chosonodina herfurthi-Rossodus manitouensis生物带,Glyptoconus quadraplicatus生物带和Tripodus proteus生物带;弗洛阶的Serratognathus diversus生物带和Serratognathoides chuxianensis-Erraticodon tarimensis生物带;达瑞威尔阶的Lenodus variabilis生物带,Yangtzeplacognathus crassus生物带,Dzikodus tablepointensis生物带,Eoplacognathus suecicus生物带和Pygodus serra生物带;桑比阶的P.anserinus-Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带,Baltoniodus variabilis生物带和B.alobatus生物带下部,以及凯迪阶的Belodina confluens生物带,Yaoxianognathus neimengguensis生物带,Y.yaoxianensis生物带和Aphelognathus pyramidalis生物带。台地和斜坡相区普遍缺失奥陶系大坪阶的牙形刺生物带,在弗洛阶与达瑞威尔阶之间可能由于海平面的下降事件而未接受沉积。柯坪大湾沟和巴楚一间房剖面仅发育Baltoniodus alobatus生物带下部,在B.alobatus生物带与Belodina confluens生物带之间可能也有间断。     

奥陶系/志留系界线之交生物的绝灭与复苏

探讨了奥陶系／志留系界线之交三类代表性生物（笔石、腕足和牙形石）的绝灭与复苏事件,认为persculptus笔石带的底界是一条显著的生物演替界面,从而以宜昌王家湾剖面和persculptus带的底界作为厘定后的全球O／S界线层型剖面和点（GSSP）是符合生物演化规律的。     

新疆塔里木板块台地和斜坡相区奥陶系牙形刺生物地层——揭示沉积间断和大坪阶地层之缺失

新疆塔里木板块台地和斜坡相区,如柯坪、巴楚和塔中井下奥陶系牙形刺序列由下而上可综合为:特马豆克阶的Variabiloconus aff.bassleri生物带,Cordylodus angulatus生物带,Chosonodina herfurthi-Rossodus manitouensis生物带,Glyptoconus quadraplicatus生物带和Tripodus proteus生物带;弗洛阶的Serratognathus diversus生物带和Serratognathoides chuxianensis-Erraticodon tarimensis生物带;达瑞威尔阶的Lenodus variabilis生物带,Yangtzeplacognathus crassus生物带,Dzikodus tablepointensis生物带,Eoplacognathus suecicus生物带和Pygodus serra生物带;桑比阶的P.anserinus-Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带,Baltoniodus variabilis生物带和B.alobatus生物带下部,以及凯迪阶的Belodina confluens生物带,Yaoxianognathus neimengguensis生物带,Y.yaoxianensis生物带和Aphelognathus pyramidalis生物带。台地和斜坡相区普遍缺失奥陶系大坪阶的牙形刺生物带,在弗洛阶与达瑞威尔阶之间可能由于海平面的下降事件而未接受沉积。柯坪大湾沟和巴楚一间房剖面仅发育Baltoniodus alobatus生物带下部,在B.alobatus生物带与Belodina confluens生物带之间可能也有间断。     

湖北宜昌黄花场中/下奥陶统界线附近几丁虫组合及其地层学意义

对宜昌黄花场大湾组下段牙形石 Oepikodus evae带至 Baltoniodus triangularis带系统采集与分析几丁虫样品 ,共发现几丁虫 6属 12种 ,其中包括 1个相似种、1个未定种 ,它们是 Conochitina raymondii,C.ordinaria,C.primitiva,C.langei,C.brevis,C.poumoti,C.decipiens,Belonechitina cf.micracantha,L agenochitina esthoni-ca,L.sp.,Eremochitina baculata和 Cyathochitina dispar等。根据上述几丁虫的地质和地理分布特征 ,自下而上可划分为 Conochitina langei带和 Eremochitina baculata带 ,讨论并指出了他们与相关笔石、牙形石生物带的关系     

湖南益阳奥陶系五峰组—志留系周家溪群笔石

为响应国际地层委员会奥陶系分会的要求,实现扬子区与江南区奥陶纪晚期—志留纪早期生物地层精时对比,选取位于江南斜坡带的湖南益阳南坝剖面作为研究对象,对志留系底部Parakidograptus acuminatus带笔石进行了系统的研究。剖面内五峰组岩性为黑色页岩,与上覆周家溪群下组整合接触,地层连续无沉积间断。通过连续不间断采集笔石标本,在研究剖面共识别出笔石6属8种,包括:Parakidograptus acuminatus,Normalograptus elegantulus,Nor.mirnyensis,Metabolograptus persculptus,Neodiplograptus parajanus,Neo.guantangyuanensis,Petalithus hamus,Streptograptus cyclodontus。依据获取的笔石标本,初步识别出Metabolograptus persculptus带和Parakidograptus acuminatus带,确定研究剖面时代为晚奥陶世赫南特期—早志留世鲁丹期。     

A proposed GSSP for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series： the Huanghuachang section,Yichang, China

The Huanghuachang section near Yichang, southern China meets the requirements of Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series and the yet-to-be-named third stage of the Ordovician System (or lower stage of Middle Ordovician Series). The conodont succession at the section is complete across the Lower to Middle Ordovician series boundary and several excellent phylogenetic lineages of Baltoniodus, Trapezognathus, Periodon, and Microzarkodina are represented. The definition of the base of the Middle Ordovician is proposed to be the first appearance datum (FAD) of Baltoniodus? triangularis in the section. It is followed closely by the FAD of Microzarkodina flabellum, which is taken as a reasonable proxy for the boundary. This level approximates the boundary between the lower and upper intervals of the Azygograptus suecicus graptolite Biozone, and nearly coincides with the base of the Belonechitina henryi chitinozoan Biozone.The proposed GSSP for the base of the international Middle Ordovician Series is located in a roadside exposure at the base of Bed (SHod) 16, 10.57 m above the base of the Dawan Formation in the measured Huanghuachang section near Yichang City, southern China. The same faunal succession is also recorded from the Chenjiahe (formerly Daping) section, 5 km to the north of the Huanghuachang section. The proposed boundary horizon can be recognized and correlated globally with high precision in both relatively shallow-water carbonate facies as well as in deep-water graptolite facies.     

湖北宜昌和南漳奥陶系大湾组笔石生物地层

根据宜昌陈家河剖面大湾组的笔石标本,确立笔石序列自下而上为:Didymograptellus eobifidus带、Corymbograptus deflexus带和Azygograptus suecicus带(大湾组下段),Exigraptus clavus带和Undulogr aptusaustrodentatus带(大湾组上段)。对湖北南漳的全家湾和李家湾两剖面的大湾组进行了详细采集测量,其中全家湾剖面大湾组下段自下而上识别出D.eobifidus带、C.deflexus带和A.suecicus带;李家湾剖面大湾组下段自下而上识别出D.eobifidus带和A.suecicus带,证实南漳大湾组的底界与宜昌地区基本一致。     

Early Ordovician CA-IDTIMS U–Pb zircon dating and conodont biostratigraphy,Canning Basin,Western Australia

A continuously cored section of more than 300 m through the Nambeet Formation and the basal part of the conformably overlying Willara Formation in the Olympic 1 petroleum well, drilled in the Canning Basin of northern Western Australia, yields valuable information that increases by more than 40% the number of precise isotopic ages available to constrain the Ordovician Period. New CA-IDTIMS U–Pb zircon ages for seven bentonite layers in the Olympic 1 core are integrated into a new conodont biostratigraphic framework for the Early Ordovician comprising four biozones recognised in this well. The weighted mean U–Pb dates range from 479.37 ± 0.16 Ma within the late Tremadocian Paroistodus proteus conodont Biozone, to 470.18 ± 0.13 Ma near the boundary between the Floian and Dapingian stages within the Jumudontus gananda conodont Biozone. The intervening Prioniodus oepiki–Serratognathus bilobatus conodont Biozone (early Floian) and succeeding Oepikodus communis conodont Biozone (middle Floian) are similarly well constrained by isotopic dates centred on ca 477 Ma for the early Floian and by three ages of 473–471 Ma for the middle Floian. The seven new isotopic dates significantly increase the precision of dating for the Early Ordovician, where previously only two ages with limited or imprecise biostratigraphic control were known globally.     

中国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位的划分

十多年来全球和我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层研究取得很大进展 ,在前人所积累的大量成果和资料的基础上 ,结合近年来的研究 ,厘定了我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位系统 ,建议分别以吉林浑江大阳岔 (或江西武宁或湖北宜昌黄花场 )、湖北宜昌黄花场、浙江常山黄泥塘、新疆柯坪大湾沟和湖北远安苟家垭剖面为界线层型 ,将中国奥陶系自下而上划分为 :新厂阶 (或特马豆克阶 )、道保湾阶、大湾阶、达瑞维尔阶、艾家山阶和钱塘江阶。为了客观反应我国奥陶系的特点 ,同时便于与全球年代地层单位界线对比 ,建议将上述各个阶底界的的界线依次划在 R.taojiangensis( =R.praeparabola) / H .simplex、 O.communis、 B.triangularis/ T.laevis、 U.austrodentatus、 N .gracilis和 N ankinolithus带的底部 ;中下奥陶统和中上奥陶统之间的界线分别定在道保湾阶 /大湾阶和达瑞维尔阶 /艾家山阶之间。建议下志留统最下部两个年代地层单位——龙马溪阶和大中坝阶——以湖北宜昌王家湾剖面为界线层型 ,分别以 A.ascensus和 D .triangulatus的首现为划分标志。对每一个阶的命名、含义、界线层型剖面的岩性特征、界线划分的生物标志、与全球相关年代地层单位层型和点 ( GSSP)的对比 ,以及与过去曾经建议或使用过?     

Biostratigraphic and Chemostratigraphic Correlation for the Base of the Middle Ordovician between Yichang and Western Zhejiang Areas, South China

The base of the Middle Ordovician (i.e. Dapingian Stage) has been defined at the first appearance datum (FAD) of conodont Baltoniodus? triangularis at Huanghuachang, Yichang, China, but the precise correlation of the boundary to regions of other facies remain to be resolved. Herein we review the biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the Huanghuachang Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) section, and present our latest stratigraphic work on the nearby Chenjiahe section in Yichang, and the Hengtang Quarry section, Jiangshan, Zhejiang, which is regarded as representative of slope facies. The conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy as well as chemostratigraphy of the Chenjiahe section indicate that the base of the Middle Ordovician also falls within the graptolite Azygograptus suecicus Zone, and coincides with a high or maximum δ13C value within a minor positive carbon isotope excursion, suggesting that the base boundary can be readily recognized across the entire Yangtze Gorges area. The integrated graptolite and conodont biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the Hengtang section, Jiangshan, indicates that the basal boundary probably falls within the graptolite Isograptus caduceus imitatus Zone that overlies the Azygograptus suecicus Zone, and coincides with a remarkable drop of δ13C. This difference indicates that a multi-disciplinary approach is critical to identify the base boundary in those regions where the Baltoniodus? triangularis is absent.     

湖北宜昌陈家河下奥陶统分乡组和红花园组的几丁虫序列

系统介绍湖北宜昌陈家河剖面下奥陶统分乡组和红花园组的几丁虫分布发育特征,将分乡组和红花园组的几丁虫自下而上划分为Lagenochitina destombesi带和Euconochitina symmetrica带,阐述了几丁虫组合特征,并与国外同期几丁虫生物带进行了对比。     

海水表面温度变化及其对笔石动物群分布的控制作用——以湖北宜昌奥陶系大湾组为例

本文通过对宜昌黄花场剖面和宜昌陈家河剖面大湾组83件样品和陈家河剖面红花园组2件样品的碳氧同位素测试数据,分析了奥陶纪大坪期海水表面温度的变化;并以宜昌黄花场剖面大湾组笔石序列为基础,结合华南地区笔石动物群的分布情况,分析了海水表面温度的变化对笔石动物群地理分布的影响,提出温度变化仅是影响笔石动物群地理分布的间接因素,前人的纬度分带学说值得进一步探讨。     

海水表面温度变化及其对笔石动物群分布的控制作用

本文通过对宜昌黄花场剖面和宜昌陈家河剖面大湾组83件样品和陈家河剖面红花园组2件样品的碳氧同位素测试数据,分析了奥陶纪大坪期海水表面温度的变化;并以宜昌黄花场剖面大湾组笔石序列为基础,结合华南地区笔石动物群的分布情况,分析了海水表面温度的变化对笔石动物群地理分布的影响,提出温度变化仅是影响笔石动物群地理分布的间接因素,前人的纬度分带学说值得进一步研究。