四川龙门山下泥盆统甘溪组和谢家湾组疑源类

四川龙门山下泥盆统甘溪组和谢家湾组疑源类的研究结果为首次报道。该两组疑源类丰富，分异度较高，共发现２３属、３３种和变种（包括未定种），文中图示１６属、２５种和变种。疑源类和其它孢型化石证明四川龙门山地区下泥盆统甘溪组和谢家湾组属近岸正常浅海环境的沉积。该地区甘溪组和谢家湾组疑源类基本上可与西欧、北美早泥盆世西根阶和艾姆斯阶疑源类比较。对它的研究不仅有重要的地层和古生物学意义，而且对古地理、古生态和沉积环境的研究也有重要意义     

Aspects of problematic acid-resistant,organic-walled microfossils (acritarchs) in the upper proterozoic of the north atlantic region

Proterozoic acritarchs are a heterogeneous group of acid-resistant, organic-walled microfossils of obscure biological affinities. The acritarch record is regarded as strongly baised by a combination of mechanisms, such as the character of the original ecosystems, depositional conditions, diagenetic history, and thermal and tectonic events.Three distinctive acritarch assemblages are recognized in Upper Proterozoic sequences in Scandinavia and Greenland. They can be compared with Upper Proterozoic (Upper Riphean and Vendian) assemblages previously reported from the Russian and Siberian platforms, China and elsewhere. Substantial taxonomic changes characterize these assemblages and are usually connected with the existence of major unconformities in the investigated rock sequences. The acritarch assemblages can be traced over vast areas and are considered as constituting a promising tool for the biostratigraphic correlation of the Upper Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian.     

Palynological dating (Arenig) of the sedimentary sequence overlying the Ishkarwaz Granite (upper Yarkhun valley, Chitral, Pakistan)

A sedimentary sequence overlying a granite pluton near Ishkarwaz (upper Yarkhun valley, Chitral, Pakistan; Karakorum Microplate) contains abundant, but poorly preserved, acritarchs probably referable to the late early Arenig-early late Arenig interval. The palynological assemblages of Karakorum show a marked similarity to the cold water Peri-Gondwana assemblages; i.e. to those of Li Jun's Arbusculidium-Coryphidium-Striatotheca 'Mediterranean' Bioprovince. Biogeographical and geological comparisons suggest that, before the accretion of Cimmerian microplates to the Eurasian continent, the Karakorum Microplate was located along the northern margin of Gondwana in a latitude intermediate between the Mediterranean region and South China (Yangtze Platform).     

Microfossils from the Upper Sinian (Late Neoproterozoic) Doushantuo Formation in Changyang, Western Hubei, China

l.IntroductionIn1978,YinLeimingandLiZaipingreportedonProterozoicmicroplansinsouthwestChina.Alt-houghmostwerefoundinmacerationofsiliclasticsandcarbonates,thinsectionsoftheDoushantuochertfromtheTianzhushandistrictnearChangyang(samples#TianR.l9and#TianR.29,inL.YinandLi,l978)containedtwolargespinosespeciesfAs-lerocaPsoidessinensis(upto325Umindiameter)andTianzhushaniasPinosa(45opmindiameter).Subsequentst-UdiesoftheDoushantuoFormationindicatethatthemicrofossilsintheDoushantuochertandphosph…     

Late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran)-Early Paleozoic (Cambrian) acritarchs from the Marwar Supergroup,Bikaner-Nagaur Basin,Rajasthan

Characteristic latest Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic acritarchs and associated organic-walled microfossils are recorded from the sediments of Marwar Supergroup encountered in BGW-A well (Bikaner-Nagaur Basin) from 1123–481 m depth. Six distinct acritarch assemblages, broadly comparable with globally known Ediacaran (Vendian) and Cambrian assemblages are recognised. The recovered microfossils provide precise age for different units of the Marwar Supergroup whose ages, till now, were poorly understood due to absence or paucity of invertebrate and other mega and microfossils.     

Palynofacies in upper cretaceous sediments of northern Siberia

Different palynomorph groups (spores and pollen of terrestrial plants, dinoflagellate cysts, prasinophytes, acritarchs, Zygnemataceae algae, and others) have been thoroughly studied to define major patterns in their distribution depending on the impact of different environmental factors and to establish their paleoecological characteristics. The comparative analysis of palynomorph assemblages from coeval Cenomanian-Coniacian sediments of the Ust’-Yenisei area, Berezovskaya 23k, Yuzhno-Russkaya 113, Leningradskaya-1 boreholes and Santonian-Campanian sequences of the Ust’-Yenisei, Khatanga and Polar Urals regions reveals transgressive-regressive cycles, which are best evident in coastal sections and smoothed in their marine counterparts. The biofacies and compositions of palynomorphs form the regular succession from the periphery toward central parts of the West Siberian basin. The facies successions in Santonian-Campanian sections of the eastern and western parts of the basin are inconsistent with each other, which may be explained by influence of both the West Siberian and Russian seas on sedimentation in its western areas.     

Lower and Middle Cambrian acritarchs from Northeastern Poland

Acid-resistant, organic-walled microfossils (acritarchs) are reported from Lower and Middle Cambrian rocks penetrated by borehole Okuniew IG-1 in the western Podlasie depression. The study showed the presence of 11 acritarch species previously known from coeval rocks in northeast Poland. The assemblage from the Okuniew borehole is compared with characteristic assemblages from other parts of the East European platform.     

Neoproterozoic microfossils from the margin of the East European Platform and the search for a biostratigraphic model of lower Ediacaran rocks

A ca. 600 m thick siliciclastic succession in northern Russia contains abundant and diverse microfossils that document early to middle Ediacaran deposition along the northeastern margin of the East European Platform. The Vychegda Formation is poorly exposed but is well documented by a core drilled in the Timan trough region (Kel’tminskaya-1 borehole). Vychegda siliciclastics lie unconformably above Tonian to lower Cryogenian strata and below equivalents of the late Ediacaran Redkino succession that is widely distributed across the platform. The basal 10 m of the formation preserve acritarchs and fragments of problematic macrofossils known elsewhere only from pre-Sturtian successions. In contrast, the upper, nearly 400 m of the succession contains abundant and diverse large acanthomorphic acritarchs attributable to the Ediacaran Complex Acanthomorph Palynoflora (ECAP). This distinctive set of taxa is known elsewhere only from lower, but not lowermost, Ediacaran rocks. In between lies an additional assemblage of relatively simple filaments and stratigraphically long ranging sphaeromorphic acritarchs interpreted as early Ediacaran in age. Bearing in mind that knowledge of late Cryogenian (post-Strurtian/pre-Marinoan) microfossils is sparse, the Vychegda record is consistent with data from Australia and China which suggest that diverse ECAP microfossil assemblages appeared well into the Ediacaran Period. Accumulating paleontological observations underscore both the promise and challenges for the biostratigraphic characterization of the early Ediacaran Period.     

松辽盆地北部晚白垩世陆相沟鞭藻及疑源类特征与沉积环境研究

通过对松辽盆地北部晚白垩世青山口组和嫩江组一段、二段中沟鞭藻及疑源类化石形态、丰度、分异度、优势度和组合等古生态特征研究 ,以及对微量元素硼含量、相当硼含量、锶钡比和硼镓比等地球化学特性的分析 ,得出在盆地北部沟鞭藻及疑源类化石的古生态、微量元素的分布规律与盆地内沉积相带的展布三者之间具有较好的相关性 ,说明松辽盆地的沟鞭藻及疑源类的发育和分布是由自生环境决定的。同时 ,通过专门对所谓“海侵”通道上的微体古生物和微量元素特征进行综合分析 ,未发现任何能证明海侵通道存在的证据 ,从而认为此海侵通道并不存在。     

华北古陆南缘豫西新元古代大型疑源类及古地理环境分析

华北古陆南缘豫西元古宙地层中白草坪组出现大量大型具刺疑源类,通常大型疑源类首现于新元古代地层,而华北古陆这类的疑源类却首现于中元古地层,因此,其起源和演化谱系就成为许多学者仍需深入探讨的未解之谜。近年来,蓟县中、新元古代地层一直是视为标准剖面,但是,下马岭组新的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄打破了该组原有的中、新元古代地层的位置,同时也打破了生物演化序列的完整性。新的年龄意味着蓟县剖面中、新元古代地层有可能缺失1200～900 Ma地质记录。从生物地层上分析,豫西的汝阳群和洛峪群中出现大量大型疑源类有可能填补蓟县剖面中生物的空缺。本文通过生物地层学、化学地层学研究和岩相分析,探讨其发生可能和地层及构造意义。     

西准噶尔晚志留世、早泥盆世孢子和疑源类

新疆西准噶尔沙尔布尔提山晚志留世、早泥盆世孢子和疑源类包括孢子21属31种和变种,其中新种1个(Amicosporites xinjiangensis);疑源类11属14种。此外还有几丁虫3属3种。根据孢子在地层中分布规律和演化特征,自下而上可划出4个孢子带:1.Synorisporites dittonensis—Api-culiretusispora spicula(DS)带;2.Emphanisporites micrornatus—Streelispora newportensis(MN)带;3.Chelinospora cassicula—Perotriletes subitus(CS)带;4.Grandispora sp.—Apiculatasporites micro-conus(CM)带;上述孢子组合基本上可与中国华南、西南、西秦岭及有关国家、地区相同时代孢子带对比。根据孢子和疑源类材料,对西准噶尔志留—泥盆系界线、古地理和古生态进行了讨论。     

Palaeoenvironmental analysis of Cenomanian-Turonian dinocyst assemblages from the Castilian Platform (Northern-Central Spain)

The palynological assemblages from three Cenomanian-Turonian sections from the Castilian Platform are described. The 49 levels analysed yielded a well-diversified palynological content including dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs, prasinophytes and miospores. The comparison of the terrestrial and marine assemblages from these three sections reveals significant differences that are mainly related to their relative palaeogeographical locations. The quantitative study performed on dinocyst assemblages suggests an association interpreted as inner neritic including Xenascus ceratioides, Cribroperidinium exilicristatum, Canningia reticulata and Kallosphaeridium? ringnesiorum. On the contrary, the group inferred to show outer neritic preferences is integrated by Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Spiniferites spp., Odontochitina spp., Trichodinium castanea and Impletosphaeridium polytrichum. In the Castilian Platform, the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) may be manifested by a higher proportion of Cyclonephelium spp. in the distal dinocyst assemblages.     

北秦岭小寨变质沉积岩系的地质特征及其构造意义

原岩恢复、沉积建造及变形变质综合研究表明,北秦岭小寨变质沉积岩系属活动陆缘性质沉积建造,形成于二郎坪弧后盆地消减俯冲带的海沟盆地-海沟斜坡环境,是古俯冲带的重要证据之一,其变形序列反映了弧后盆地构造演化过程,并与构造混杂岩、俯冲型花岗岩及高压变质带一起构成相对完整的古俯冲带标志,为探讨秦岭古生代板块构造演化提供了重要信息。     

贵州瓮安陡山沱组球状化石元素地球化学浅析

本文利用电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA),首次分析了采自贵州瓮安北斗山磷矿区陡山沱组外壁呈瘤状及多边形板片状的磷酸盐化球状化石的元素地球化学含量,包括常量元素氧化物含量和部分稀土元素含量,经初步对比发现:具瘤状及板片状外壁的两类球状化石,由内至外常量元素含量的变化趋势大体相似,表明归人同一生物大门类的可能性较大;与磷块...     

南海沉积物中的黏土矿物:指示东亚季风演化历史?

黏土矿物以其示踪洋流变化和揭示物源区同时期气候变化的能力,近年来在南海沉积古环境研究中的地位日益显现。但是,南海黏土矿物能否用于直接指示东亚季风演化历史的研究仍然颇为争议。本研究认为,南海黏土矿物主要受控于物源区供给和洋流搬运作用,黏土矿物本身不具同时期气候条件特征。以南海北部为例,珠江、台湾和吕宋岛这三个主要物源区无论是冰期还是间冰期都提供相同的黏土矿物组合,这些黏土矿物在输入到南海后分别受到不同洋流的搬运。因此,南海晚第四纪黏土矿物组合用于指示东亚季风演化历史的应用是通过洋流的搬运作用来实现的,在不同海区的应用效果不同。     

Pap illomembrana compta在贵州瓮安的发现——兼论陡山沱期大型具刺疑源类的对比及时代

首次报道贵州瓮安震旦系陡山沱组磷块岩中发现大型具刺疑源类 Papillomembrana compta。对震旦纪陡山沱期已发现的特色硅化或磷酸盐矿化大型具刺疑源类组合及国内外地层对比进行综合评述 ,结合同位素测年、化学地层和其他有关资料综合分析 ,对陡山沱组的年代问题进行探讨。现有研究资料表明 ,陡山沱组含大型具刺疑源类组合的层位应低于俄罗斯北部、澳大利亚、乌克兰、西伯利亚北部及加拿大纽芬兰等地发现多种典型伊迪卡拉期生物群的层位 ,年代应早于以伊迪卡拉期生物群爆发为标志的早期后生动物多样化的时段。     

内蒙古温都尔庙地区温都尔庙群的形成环境和构造意义

内蒙古温都尔庙地区有一套统称为温都尔庙群的变质岩系,该岩系主要由两种不同的岩石组合组成：一套是出露于乌兰沟一带的浅变质岩系,主要由变玄武岩、硅质岩、火山碎屑岩、碎屑岩组成的基性火山岩－碎屑岩组合;另一套是出露于德言其庙一带的深变质岩系,主要由斜长角并岩、斜长片麻岩组成。这两套岩石组合在变形变质、岩石化学和形成环境等方面都有很大的差异,前者主要表面出弧后盆地的特征,后者则是拉张过程中板底垫托的产物,它们分别代表了华北板块北缘中元古代不同构造演化阶段的产物。     

Principal stages in evolution of precambrian organic world: Communication 2. The late proterozoic

A new suggested model outlining the evolution of the organic world from the mid-Early Proterozoic (∼2.0 Ga) to the Early Cambrian is based on data characterizing the relevant chert-embedded and compression-preserved organic-walled microbiotas, impressions of soft-bodied multicellular organisms, and biomarkers. Critical analysis of overall paleontological data resulted in the distinguishing of seven successive assemblages of Proterozoic micro- and macrofossils. Being of global geographic range, the assemblages correspond to the major stages in evolution of the organic world and typify global units which are termed the Labradorian (∼2.0–1.65 Ga), Anabarian (1.65–1.2 Ga), Turukhanian (1.2–1.03 Ga), Uchuromayan (1.03–0.85 Ga), Yuzhnouralian (0.85–0.635 Ga), Amadeusian (0.635–0.56 Ga), and Belomorian (0.56–0.535 Ga). Characteristic of the Labradorian unit are microfossil assemblages of the Gunflint type including remains of morphologically bizarre prokaryotic microorganisms: star-like Eoastrion, umbrella-shaped Kakabekia, dumbbell-shaped Xenothrix, and some others. Fine-grained siliciclastic deposits of the same age yield the oldest remains of millimeter-sized eukaryotes: spherical to ribbon-like Chuaria and Tawuia. Microfossils prevailing in shallow-water carbonate facies of the Anabarian unit are akinetes of nostocalean cyanophyceae Archaeoellipsoides and entophysalidacean cyanobacteria Eoentophysalis, whereas acanthomorphic acritarchs Tappania and Shuiyousphaeridium dominate the assemblages of open-shelf facies, where they are associated with the first-found rare macroscopic multicellular fossils Horodyskia. The distinguishing feature of the next Turukhanian unit is the first occurrence of filamentous red alga Bangiomorpha and the stalked cyanobacterium Polybessurus. The Uchuromayan unit is characterized by the appearance and worldwide radiation of structurally complicated eukaryotic microorganisms, primarily of acanthomorphic acritarchs Trachyhystrichosphaera and Prolatoforma, branching thalli of green algae Aimophyton, Palaeosiphonella, Palaeovaucheria and Proterocladus, and of spiral-cylindrical cyanobacteria Obruchevella. In the Yuzhnouralian unit is recorded the first occurrence of vase-shaped testate amoebas Melanocyrillium, Cycliocyrillium, and others, and of scale microfossils Characodictyon, Paleohexadictyon, etc. As distinct from the others, the Amadeusian unit characterizes the global expansion of acanthomorphic acritarchs of complex structure (the Pertatataka-like assemblage of Tanarium, Cavaspina, Appendisphaera, and others) and associated remains of red algae and cyanobacteria Obruchevella. The terminal Belomorian unit marks the extinction of Pertatataka-type microfossils, the appearance of soft-bodied multicellular organisms on different continents, and the origin of diverse skeletal fossils in the terminal phase.     

金矿自然重砂矿物组合规律及其找矿指示意义

对云南、海南、江西、湖北、河南、新疆、浙江、山东、辽宁等27个省185个典型金矿床的自然重砂矿物进行统计分析,发现自然重砂矿物对金矿具有良好的响应,自然金、黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、白铅矿、辰砂等对寻找金矿具有指示意义。不同成因类型的金矿床反映出的自然重砂矿物组合不同,斑岩型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+重晶石+闪锌矿+白铅矿+金红石,卡林型—类卡林型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+辉锑矿+毒砂+雄(雌)黄,而造山型+矽卡岩型+热液型+构造蚀变岩型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+辰砂。不同区域的金矿床反映出的自然重砂矿物组合也各有差异,闪锌矿为南方各省金矿床的特征矿物,辰砂和白钨矿为北方地区金矿床的特征矿物,重晶石和白铅矿为西部地区金矿的特征矿物。综合研究认为,自然重砂具有直接找矿和指导找矿的作用,按照特定成因类型和区域金矿床所建立的自然重砂矿物组合对建立矿床找矿模型具有重要的意义。     

New Riphean microbiotas of the Billyakh Group,the north Anabar region (Fomich River basin): To Riphean biostratigraphy of the Siberian platform

Excellently preserved organic-walled and silicified microfossils are first found in the Lower Riphean Ust-Il’ya and Kotuikan formations of the Billyakh Group in the northern slope of the Anabar Uplift (the Fomich River basin). Similar assemblages were previously known only from sections located southward in the Kotuikan River basin, and taxonomic composition of organic-walled microbiotas from the Ust-Il’ya and Kotuikan formations became a corner stone in competitive microphytological models that are based on different approaches. In their composition and general appearance, microbiotas from the Kotuikan and Ust-Il’ya formations in the Fomich River basin are similar to microbiotas reported from the Kotuikan River basin, although northern sections of the above formations characterize deeper sedimentation settings than in localities known before. The Ust-Il’ya and Kotuikan assemblages of organic-walled microfossils include sphaeromorphic Chuaria circularis and Leiosphaeridia, two-layer vesicles the genus Simia, filamentous Plicatidium and Taenitrichoides, and some others. The silicified microbiota from the lower Kotuikan Subformation is largely composed of akinetes of Anabaena-like cyanobacteria Archaeoellipsoides, spherical Myxococcoides grandis, and short trichomes Filiconstrictosus and Orculiphycus representing initial germination stages of Anabaena-like cyanobacterial spores. Acanthomorphic acritarchs known from lithology-similar Lower and Middle Riphean (Mesoproterozoic) formations of Australia and China have not been observed in the Ust-Il’ya and Kotuikan microbiotas, which are probably of older age. The found microbiotas outline substantially wider distribution area of organic-walled and silicified microfossils, supplement microphytological characteristics of Riphean sediments in the Anabar Uplift, provide information on taxonomic composition of microbiotas from a wider spectrum of facies, and specify relationships between Early and Middle Riphean assemblages of microorganisms from different continents.