Dietary Leucine Requirement for Juvenile Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson,1846)

Dietary leucine requirement for juvenile large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson 1846 (initial body weight 6.0 g±0.1 g) was determined using dose-response method.Six isonitogenous (crude protein 43%) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g-1) practical diets containing six levels of leucine (Diets 1-6) ranging from 1.23% to 4.80% (dry matter) were made at about 0.7% increment of leucine.Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing leucine with glutamic acid.Triplicate groups of 60 individuals were fed to apparent satiation by hand twice daily (05:00 and 17:30).The water temperature was 26-32℃, salinity 26-30 and dissolved oxygen approximately 7 mg L-1 during the experimental period.Final weight (FW) of large yellow croaker initially increased with increasing level of dietary leucine but then decreased at further higher level of leucine.The highest FW was obtained in fish fed diet with 3.30% Leucine (Diet 4).FW of fish fed the diet with 4.80% Leucine (Diet 6) was significantly lower than those fed Diet 4.However, no significant differences were observed between the other dietary treatments.Feed efficiency (FE) and whole body composition were independent of dietary leucine contents (P0.05).The results indicated that leucine was essential for growth of juvenile large yellow croaker.On the basis of FW, the optimum dietary leucine requirement for juvenile large yellow croaker was estimated to be 2.92% of dry matter (6.79% of dietary protein).     

大黄鱼库道虫病的初步研究

在广东湛江海水网箱养殖的大黄鱼 (Pseudosciaenacrocea)中发现了库道虫病 (Kudoasis) ,检出率高达 31%。其症状表现为 :白色孢囊分布于胸鳍、腹鳍、臀鳍和尾鳍等的鳍膜下 ,剖检时发现腹壁和背部肌肉中布满许多白色呈球形或椭圆形的小孢囊 ,在肠系膜、腹膜以及近口腔的粘膜上也有大量的白色小孢囊分布。镜检发现孢囊中含有典型的库道虫 ,其孢子宽为 ( 8 90± 0 55) μm ,长为 ( 8 35± 0 4 6 ) μm ,极囊宽为 ( 2 39± 0 36 ) μm ,极囊长为 ( 4 4 8± 0 39) μm。孢子在淡水中 2 0min后全部死亡 ,在盐度为 6的水体中 ,12h和 2 4h后存活率分别约为 87.4 %和 70 % ;在盐度为 16、2 6和 36的水体中 ,孢子存活率均为 10 0 % ;在盐度为 4 6的水体中 ,12h和 2 4h后存活率分别约为92 %和 84 %。孢子对低温有较强的耐受力 ,当水温达到 4 4℃时 ,8h、12h和 2 4h后 ,孢子的存活率分别约为 91%、80 .5%和 6 6 %。     

A Fast and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay for the Vibrio in Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson)

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方斑东风螺不同批次卵质量的比较

2005年5月~8月在雷州市覃斗镇海威水产种苗基地的室内水池进行方斑东风螺亲螺培育,对亲螺不同批次产出的卵囊、卵、及其幼虫进行比较。结果表明:随着亲螺产卵批次的增加,亲螺产卵囊数、卵囊含卵数、产卵量逐次减少;卵囊长、宽逐次变小,厚逐次增加,形状由葵花子片状的比例大变为棒状的比例大;幼虫浮游期逐次延长;变态期幼虫壳长逐次变小;各批次之间的变态率逐次降低;卵径、孵化率、出囊幼虫大小差异不显著。     

Physiological Responses of Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) to Transport Modes with Different Temperatures

Given the increased circulation time after fishing,a series of changes take place in live clams,leading to a deterioration in quality even after death.Thus,in this study,we aimed to explore the optimal mode of transportation of clams.The container for holding clams was reformed,and a water circulation temperature control system was established.The physiological responses of clams during anhydrous and watery transportation at two temperatures (4 and 15℃) were investigated based on the aforementio...     

Accessibility Comparison and Spatial Differentiation of Xi'an Scenic Spots with Different Modes Based on Baidu Real-time Travel

A study of the accessibility of a city's scenic spots via different travel modes can contribute to optimization of tourism-related transportation while improving tourists' travel-related satisfaction levels and advancing tourism. We systematically analyzed the accessibility of 56 scenic spots in Xi'an City, China, via car and public transport travel modes using the real-time travel function of the Baidu Maps API(Application Programming Interface) along with spatial analysis methods and the modal accessibility gap index of scenic spots. We obtained the following results. First, maximum and minimum travel times using public transport exceeded those using cars. Moreover, the accessibility of scenic spots via cars and public transport presented a circular spatial pattern of increasing travel time from the center to the periphery. Contrasting with travel by public transport, car travel showed a clear time-space compression effect. Second, accessibility of the scenic spots via cars and public transport showed some spatial heterogeneity, with no clear advantages of car accessibility in the central urban area. However, advantages of car accessibility were increasingly evident moving from the center to the periphery. Third, whereas the correlation of the modal accessibility gap index of scenic spots in Xi'an with global space was significantly positive, local spatial interdependence was only evident in some inner city areas and in marginal areas. Moreover, spatial heterogeneity was evident in two regions but was insignificant in other areas, indicating that the spatial interdependence of the modal accessibility gap index in most scenic spots was not apparent in terms of the overall effect of public transport routes, road networks, and the distribution of scenic spots. The improvement of public transport coverage in marginal areas and the optimization of public transport routes in central urban areas are essential tasks for improving travel using public transport in the future.     

Isolation and Biochemical Characteristics Analyses of Phenoloxidases (POs) in Three Cultured Mollusk Species

Phenoloxidases(POs)are a group of copper proteins including tyrosinase,catecholase and laccase,which play crucial roles in the innate immune response of mollusks.In this research,POs were studied in cultured mollusk species,including scallop Chla-mys farreri,abalone Haliotis discus hannai and clam Scapharca subcrenata.The POs were isolated from hemocytes using linear-gradient native-PAGE combined with catechol staining.The PO activities and their characters were investigated.The molecular mass of PO in C.farreri was 576 kDa,and it was 228 kDa in H.discus hannai.In S.subcrenata,four POs were detected and their mole-cular masses were 391 kDa,206 kDa,174 kDa and<67 kDa,which were named as 391-PO,206-PO,174-PO and s-PO,respectively.Ki-netic analyses indicated that all of the POs,except for 391-PO had higher affinity to L-DOPA and catechol than to hydroquinone and dopamine.However,all of the POs failed to oxidize tyrosine.The effects of divalent metal ions on POs’activities were assayed,in-cluding Fe²⁺,Mg²⁺,Zn²⁺,Mn²⁺,Cu²⁺and Ca²⁺from FeCl₂,MgSO₄,ZnSO₄,MnCl₂,CuSO₄and CaCl₂.The POs were inhibited by Fe²⁺at all determined concentrations.Additionally,the inhibition assay showed that all of the POs were inhibited by cysteine,ascorbic acid,sodium sulfite,citric acid,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium(EDTA)and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DETC).The inhibition effects of critric acid and EDTA are dose-dependent.H.discus hannai PO and 391-PO were slightly inhibited by sodium azide,and H.discus hannai PO,391-PO and 174-PO were slightly inhibited by thiourea.In conclusion,the POs in the three cultured mollusks are copper-containing laccase-type phenoloxidases with similar biochemical characteristics even though their molecular masses are different.     

军曹鱼全人工繁殖群体遗传特征的SSR分析

利用8个微卫星DNA位点分析南海海域5个军曹鱼全人工繁育群体(HN1、HN2、ZJ、FJ和LS)子代的遗传多样性特征和群体间遗传分化。结果显示,军曹鱼养殖群体与天然群体的遗传结构特征基本一致:1)平均有效等位基因数为3.910±0.440,观测杂合度为0.595±0.049,分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,个体内分化占主导(46%),军曹鱼养殖群体整体遗传多样性较高;2)群体间基因流明显(N_m=2.5959,F_(st)=0.0878),整体分化程度较低。各养殖群体表现出不同于天然大群体的特征:1)绝大部分位点均明显偏离哈温平衡,杂合子缺失或过剩现象普遍存在;2)聚类和群体分配分析等表明HN2与另四个养殖群体(HN1、ZJ、FJ和LS)分化明显。     

胡子鲇3个养殖群体遗传结构的AFLP分析

应用AFLP方法,从64对引物中筛选出5对用于分析胡子鲇(Claris fuscus)厦门(XM)、江门(JM)、玉林(YL)等3个养殖群体共90个个体群体内、群体间遗传多样性。扩增共得到289条清晰谱带,引物多态性介于47.8%～63.8%,平均多态性比率为56.4%。胡子鲇群体总遗传杂合度(Ht)、遗传分化系数(Hs)、遗传分化度(Gst)和基因流(Nm)分别为0.161 1、0.153 6、0.051 1和8.501 8,表明胡子鲇多态性处于中等偏下水平,群体内部遗传分化系数较高,三个群体间无较大分化,群体间基因流动较好。其中,JM群体多态性比率、有效等位基因数Ne、Nei’s指数和Shannon指数都较XM群体和YL群体高,种内分化程度较好。对群体进行两两比较发现,XM群体和YL群体间分化程度最大,XM群体和JM群体次之,JM群体和YL群体最小。基于杂交优势,推断XM和YL群体繁殖所产生的后代将具有比亲代更为优良的性状。     

高体革鯻幼鱼肌肉营养成分分析

检测了高体革鯻(Scortum bacoo)幼鱼肌肉营养组成,结果表明:高体革鯻粗蛋白质量分数为17.77%,粗脂肪质量分数为3.42%,水解氨基酸总质量分数为15.71%,其中必需氨基酸质量分数为7.50%,占氨基酸总量的47.74%,鲜味氨基酸总质量分数为5.46%,占氨基酸总量的34.75%,必需氨基酸指数为88.60。说明高体革鯻具有较高的营养价值和养殖价值。     

羟基红花黄色素A-壳聚糖微球制备工艺研究

为探究羟基红花黄色素A-结合壳聚糖(HSYA-CS)微球的最佳制备工艺,采用乳化交联法制备,以微球的表观特征、粒径分布、包封率及载药量作为主要的评价指标,通过单因素考察和正交试验优化微球的最佳制备工艺。结果表明:戊二醛用量2.0 mL、交联温度50℃、投药比1∶5时,所制备的微球大小比较均一,黏连程度小,圆整度高,粒径范围2.0～4.6μm,载药量(6.53±0.42)%,包封率(68.04±0.46)%,正交设计证实上述条件下制备工艺最佳;乳化交联法制备HSYA-CS微球工艺方法稳定可行,产品性状较好,载药量和包封率较高,可为HSYA的临床应用效果的优化提供方法学借鉴。     

南、北松潘-甘孜块体及扬子板块壳幔过渡带结构研究

采用接收函数方法,研究南、北松潘-甘孜块体及扬子板块的壳幔过渡带结构,得到3个不同构造块体的壳幔过渡带厚度和速度结构。结果显示,南松潘-甘孜块体壳幔过渡带厚度为1.79~3.4 km,速度结构为高低速相间结构,该块体壳幔过渡带不断变厚,改变了原有的壳幔过渡带温压条件,且东南东北向都有剧烈的构造活动,产生高、低速相间的速度结构;巴颜喀拉松潘-甘孜块体壳幔过渡带厚度为2.22~3.72 km,该块体受到持续挤压,壳幔过渡带逐渐变厚,逐渐改变壳幔过渡带温压条件,形成速度渐变结构;扬子块体壳幔过渡带厚度为0.86~1.58 km,扬子块体四川盆地有坚硬的岩石圈,壳幔过渡带没有遭受破坏,为完好的一级间断面,过渡带厚度较薄,结构为速度突变结构。     

基于水文地球化学特征的黄河流域(济阳段)地热水成因机制研究

黄河流域(济阳段)地热资源丰富,阐明地热田的成因机制对区域地热水资源的开发利用和黄河流域高质量发展具有重要意义。以黄河流域(济阳段)齐广断裂以南灰岩热储为研究对象,进行水化学分析和同位素分析,结果表明研究区地热水水化学类型主要为SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na型、SO₄-Ca·Na型、HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型、SO₄-Ca型,地热水总体上受大气降水的入渗补给,地热水补给区高程范围为497.81～2117.97m,地热水属于亚现代与近期补给的混合水和现代水。     

高密度电阻率法三种不同装置应用效果对比研究

高密度电阻率法作为一种阵列式电法勘探方法,通过改变供电、观测电极的排列方式,可实现多种排列装置进行数据采集的功能,具有低成本、高效率的特点,已广泛应用于环境地质、工程地质和矿产地质等领域。为探究在不同地质背景、勘探目标时,各排列装置应用效果的特点,本文选取温纳、偶极—偶极和施伦贝谢尔(剖面)三种装置,对其在水库坝体渗漏检测和地下水勘查中的应用效果进行对比,研究各排列装置的特点。结果表明,温纳装置在勘探深度方面有明显的优势,纵向分辨率高,施工效率高,数据拟合效果好,信噪比高,抗干扰能强;偶极—偶极装置横向分辨率高,水平方向异常更细化,施工效率较高;施伦贝谢尔(剖面)装置具有较高的横向与纵向分辨率,采集数据点多,获取地电断面信息更丰富,抗干扰能力较强,勘探深度较深,数据拟合效果较好。综合对比研究认为,施伦贝谢尔(剖面)装置适宜在水库坝体渗漏检测中推广使用;温纳装置具适宜在勘探第四系潜水含水层中推广使用。     

鳜鱼病毒病研究进展

鳜鱼是经济价值很高和具有出口创汇能力的名贵经济鱼类 ,在国际水产品市场上享有“淡水石斑”之誉。由于鳜鱼人工繁殖和育苗技术的成功 ,鳜鱼养殖业正日益繁盛起来。目前广东、江苏、湖北等养殖大省的鳜鱼养殖已经产业化 ,养殖方式包括池塘养殖、围网养殖、网箱养殖等。仅广东省1 999年鳜鱼养殖面积就达 1万ｋｍ2 ,总产约 6万ｔ。然而 ,养殖面积和养殖密度的不断增加 ,以及养殖上管理技术的不当 ,使得养殖水环境日趋恶化 ,各种疾病频频暴发。在至今报道的多种疾病中[1～ 4 ] ,给鳜鱼养殖带来严重经济损失的还是病毒病 ,仅珠江三角洲每年损失…     

A flume test on erosion mechanism for an abandoned section of the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta

The erosion mechanisms of abandoned coastal section are understood detailedly by flume experiment, which play an important role to the offshore engineering facilities. A movable-bed physical model has been used to investigate the coastal erosion of an abandoned section of the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta. The theory of physical scale models is discussed and a method for constructing the representative seabed section is developed. The results indicate that during the period initially after the abandonment of the delta the entire bed experienced rapid erosion because the seabed was steep and prone to liquefaction that resulted from storm wave action. After this initial period, a balance of erosion and accretion was established, and the beach profile equilibrated with a point of balance present on the profile. The experimental results indicate that the volume of deposition was about half that of the erosion. Wave action may also induce significant stratal changes through its interaction with the soft seabed. The major morphological features developed in the model delta section were found to be qualitatively comparable with those observed in the prototype. A distorted modeling law that maintains the similarity of the modeled and prototype equilibrium beach profiles is proposed. Experimental results show that the distorted modeling is able to reproduce the beach-face slope in nature, and the model also successfully reproduced three historical evolutionary stages of erosion.