长葛县规划区地下水化学特征及其成因分析

本文根据长葛市规划区地下水化学分析资料，利用污染指数法对该区地下水化学特征及其成因进行了初步分析，指出该区局部地下水的总硬度，溶解性总固体，硝酸盐污染指数大于1的原因是生活，工业废物处理不当和引用污水灌溉而引起，并提出了该市地下水污染治理的建议。     

短历时暴雨递减指数与等值线图的编制

针对有关暴雨递减系数的若干特性及暴雨等值线图的编制问题进行了详细的分析论述，并对暴雨递减指数的内涵、其对暴雨等值线图编制的影响，不同历时的暴雨递减指数之间的关系以及设计条件下暴雨递减系数的应用等，结合实际资料加以了说明，以期有助于暴雨等值线图的编制和设计上的应用。     

塔里木河下游物种多样性与地下水位灰色关联分析

根据植被样地资料和地下水埋深观测资料, 运用灰色关联法对物种多样性与地下水埋深的关系进行了分析. 结果表明: 在塔里木河下游, 物种多样性与地下水埋深变化关系密切, Shannon-Weiner指数、 Simpson指数、 Margalef指数、 Menhinick指数、 JSW指数和JSI指数与地下水埋深之间的灰色综合关联度都在0.70以上, 其中物种多样性指数Simpson指数与地下水埋深变化的灰色综合关联度最高, 为0.866, 其关联度数值体现了地下水埋深对物种多样性变化的主导性.     

济阳坳陷义和庄古潜山溶蚀、裂缝发育带灰色—遗传识别

通过对裂缝识别测井、声波测井、深浅双侧向测井求取溶蚀和裂缝带发育参数－裂缝张开度、裂缝孔隙度、裂缝渗透率、地层系数、残余岩溶强度指数和裂缝发育指数，并结合岩芯观察和录井资料，给出控制特征参数，建立潜山灰岩储层单井溶蚀、裂缝带模式图。在此基础上，应用灰色－遗传过程识别系统对义和庄潜山三维地震资料进行溶蚀和裂缝带识别，预测储层发育的有利地带。     

用煤的挥发分、胶质层厚度计算煤的粘结指数

利用乔家湾区现有煤质化验资料，用数学地质中的回归分析方法，求得本区挥发、胶质层厚度与粘结指数的二元线性回归关系，并且通过对其进行的显性检验以及实用性判断，证明研究区该方程具有实用价值。指出了地质工作者可以充分利用以往的煤质资料，检验原有测试结果的同时，进一步提高煤类划分的准确性。     

洪水递减指数及其在洪水过程设计中的应用研究

基于暴雨公式的思想,定义了指数型时段平均洪水流量公式,经公式推导提出洪水递减指数的概念,研究总结了洪水递减指数的分析计算方法,可将其移用至无实测流量资料小流域设计洪水过程线的推求,并选取窟野河上游的乌兰木伦河流域进行了应用示例。结果表明该方法合理可行,为无资料地区设计洪水过程线的推求提供了新思路。     

石镇街站水位流量关系单值化初步分析

通过近年实测资料的初步分析，采用落差指数法对石镇街水文站水位－流量关系进行单镇化处理，推流验证取得了较高精度，对精简测流任务，改变测验方式以及实现现代化技术整编均有实际意义。     

微型活性碳柱富集比色法测定金

本文探讨了用微型活性碳柱富集痕量金的方法。研究了富集金和TMK—Au—Twee 85显色反应的条件,用本法测定了地质试样中痕量金,其测定限为2 ppbAu,本法操作简便、快速,灵敏度高,结果较为满意。     

判断水淹程度的碳氧比能谱测井方法研究

碳氧比能谱测井方法是在套管井中用于划分油水层、确定含油水饱和度及岩性的一种有效方法。根据碳氧比能谱测井的原始谱线资料,提出了一种判断油层水淹程度的指数-水淹指数。通过实际资料验证,该指数对水淹程度有很好的判断作用,具有良好的应用前景。     

利用树轮资料重建长白山区过去气候变化

本文以树轮气候学中常用的树轮宽指数资料作为过去气候的代用资料，重建了长白山区1655年以来1～4月月平均最高气温的变化。重建中的校准方程稳定性较好，并可解释重建变量方差的57．4％。在1833年以来重建可靠性较高的时段中，1974～1979年为低温期，1951～1963年为高温期。而结束于1861和结束于1897年的两个高温期持续时间最长。本文的研究结果展示了利用树轮资料重建我国长白山区过去气候变化的巨大潜力。     

博斯腾湖碳酸盐和同位素组成的全新世古环境演变高分辨记录及与冰川活动的响应

本文通过对在新疆南部塔里木盆地北缘博斯腾湖采集的一根953cm的岩心进行了早全新世以来的古气候重建。对BSTC2000岩心进行了碳酸盐矿物组成、Ca/1000Sr,有机质TOC,C/N和C/S分析,并结合BSTC2000岩心附近的一个沉积物剖面的孢粉资料,利用多指标重建了8500aBP以来的古气候变化特征。在2个平行岩心中对保存的植物叶片、草籽,以及全有机质进行了9个AMS14C年代测定。8500～8100aBP气候冷湿,钻孔位置为河流-滨湖相环境,沉积物中有3层泥炭层。从8100～6400aBP,气温升高,湖泊扩张,气候暖湿,湖泊可能为最高湖面时期。而从6400～5100aBP湖泊稍微下降,气候变冷。在中全新世晚期从5100～3100aBP气候变得高温干旱,但其间的4400～3800aBP有短暂的气候变冷,早期大量的冰雪融水补给博斯腾湖,使得湖泊水位上升。湖泊的第二个高湖面期是5200～3800aBP。在3100～2200aBP气候冷湿,由于蒸发减弱而湖泊有所扩张,湖泊在3100至2800aBP期间是最后一次短暂的高湖面期。这次短期高湖面后,湖泊由于较长时期的低温而引起的供水减少,湖泊收缩。从2200～1200aBP,气候变得干热,湖泊收缩。尽管从1200aBP以来,温度有所下降,气候变得暖干,湖泊又开始有所上升,但是没有达到博斯腾湖出水口孔雀河的海拔高度。     

Modeling of Beams on Reinforced Granular Beds

The paper describes a mechanical model for estimating the flexural response of a strip footing, supporting a column (imposing a concentrated load), resting on a compacted granular bed overlying a reinforcement layer for example, geogrids, geomats etc. below which lies a loose soil deposit. The footing is idealized as a beam and the reinforcing element is assumed to have finite bending stiffness and negligible frictional resistance. The upper and lower soil layers are idealized by a series of linear and discrete springs (Winkler springs) of different stiffness values. To find the response of such a model the governing differential equations have been derived and expressed in a nondimensional form. A closed form analytical solution of the same has been obtained subjected to appropriate boundary conditions. Using the present approach the resulting solution for a degenerated case of a long beam is found to be identical to the same of Hetenyi (1946, Beams on elastic foundations, University of Michigan press, Ann Arbor, MI). Parametric studies reveal that the ratio of flexural rigidity of upper and lower beam and the ratio of stiffness of the upper and lower soil layers affect significantly the response of the foundation.     

内蒙古辉腾锡勒全新世中晚期环境变迁的孢粉记录

通过对内蒙古中部辉腾锡勒湖泊沉积特征及孢粉组合特征的综合分析,重建了该地区全新世中晚期以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,该地区5390 a以来气候总体上由温湿转变为冷干,具体可以分为5个阶段: 5390 ~ 3970 a,以温暖偏湿气候为主; 3970 ~ 3300 a,气候仍为温和偏湿; 3300 ~ 2380 a,A/C比值明显降低,标志着全新世大暖期结束,凉偏干气候显著; 2380 ~ 1160 a,气候转为凉湿,为大暖期结束后一个特殊湿润时期; 1160 a以来气候向温凉偏干转变。      

Recognition features of felsic pyroclastics of Serra do Tombo formation,Minas Gerais,Brazil

In this contribution we report a study of poorly exposed, rhyodacitic welded-ignimbrite deposit from Minas Gerais. A petrographic study of textures indicate high temperature of emplacement. Key features include eutaxitic texture, flattened and agglutinated lapilli and glass menisci. Most of the feldspar minerals and glass are extensively altered to clay minerals, which pseudomorph the original volcanic textures. Glass menisci and spherules suggest a possible process of liquid immiscibility. Immobile trace element distribution indicates a possible link with other post-Palaeozoic felsic volcanic rocks in Brazil, a magmatism interpreted as due to basaltic underplating and partial melting of a hydrous continental crust. A peculiar feature is a high Light REE/Heavy REE ratio. Depletion in heavy rare earth elements is possibly due to a residual HREE-bearing phase in the source. The geologic context of these rocks suggests a Lower Cretaceous age and a tectonic relationship with a continental rifting event.     

Boundary element analysis of axially loaded piles embedded in a multi-layered soil

In a field, piles are likely installed in a multi-layered soil. Analysis of axially loaded piles in a multi-layered soil is complicated and deserves more attention. A boundary element method is used in this study to analyze an axially loaded single pile in a multi-layered soil using the solution for vertical and horizontal axisymmetric ring loads in a multi-layered elastic medium. Good and reasonable agreement is obtained between the proposed and published solutions for a single pile in a homogenous soil, a finite soil, and a Gibson soil. The proposed solution is also used to evaluate an axially loaded single pile in a multi-layered (8 layers) soil.     

钱塘江口涌潮的二维数值模拟

应用二维有限体积法、Osher格式及间断拟合法,计算了钱塘江河口涌潮产生、发展到消亡的全过程。该算法能保证水量和动量守恒,且能适应水深巨大变化和动边界。根据钱塘江涌潮的特点,可将其合理概化为一线潮。在网格尺寸较大情况下,计算的一线潮仍保持高分辨率,能准确满足水力学间断条件,且计算量小,可以在微机上实现。在对某实测半日小潮进行率定后,对随后的大潮进行了验证计算,涌潮的主要特征(如涌潮高度、移速、水位和流场等)与实测资料符合良好,证实了模型的合理性和模拟能力。     

重力场定义的澄清

《朗曼现代英文词典》(LongmanModernEnglishDictionary)、《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish ChineseDictionary)、《韦氏词典》(Merriam Webster’sNewCollegiateDictionary)、作为地球物理专业词汇定义源的《勘探地球物理百科词典》(EncyclopedicDictionaryofExplorationGeo physics)以及中国的一些重力教科书、专著及词典 ,把重力场定义为重力或重力作用存在的空间 ,重力效应可以测量的空间 ,即 :力或重力存在的空间。这个定义不同于国外英文地球物理教科书、专著及中、英、俄文场论教科书对重力场的定义 :空间中的重力。定义重力场为重力存在的空间 ,混淆了“场”本身及“场域”的概念 ,并不是一个标准的物理或地球物理定义 ,是一种误导。物理场是空间中存在的一种物理作用或效应 ,分布于引起它的场源体周围。两个物体之间存在着的相互作用力 ,通过每个物体引起的引力场给予另一个物体。重力场可以定义如下 :地球内部及其附近空间一点处存在的重力作用 ,或单位质量受到的重力。重力场是一种力或力场 ,存在于地球表面及其附近的空间。重力场不是空间 ,重力场的测量应当是在重力场存在的空间或场域中 ,而不是在重力场中进行。     

太白山佛爷池剖面的全新世环境变化信息

太白山佛爷池海拔3410m,是一个发育在古冰斗中的冰蚀湖。自湖中210cm沉积剖面进行沉积物粒度、孢粉和测年采样分析,表明自8200aBP以来的环境经历了明显的冷暖干湿变化。8200~6800aBP温暖湿润,在7200aBP出现明显增温;6800~5900aBP气候开始波动,大约在6300aBP有一次短暂的变冷,在6000aBP前后出现明显暖期;5900~4800aBP气温下降,大约在5200aBP达到最低,然后气温缓慢回升;4800~2600aBP气候较为温暖湿润,大约在3000aBP达到最高;2600~900aBP气候变冷湿,大约1500aBP达到最低;900aBP~现代变好。      

Coupled consolidation of a porous medium with a cylindrical or a spherical cavity

This paper presents a theoretical approach to analyse coupled, linear thermoporoelastic fields in a saturated porous medium under radial and spherical symmetry. The governing equations account for compressibility and thermal expansion of constituents, heat sink due to thermal dilatation of water and thermal expansion of the medium, and thermodynamically coupled heat–water flow. It has been reported in the literature that thermodynamically coupled heat–water flows known as thermo-osmosis and thermal filtration have the potential to significantly alter the flow fields in clay-rich barriers in the near field of a underground waste containment scheme. This study presents a mathematical model and examines the effects of thermo-osmosis and thermal-filtration on coupled consolidation fields in a porous medium with a cavity. Analytical solutions of the governing equations are presented in the Laplace transform space. A numerical inversion scheme is used to obtain the time-domain solutions for a cylindrical cavity in a homogeneous or a non-homogeneous medium. A closed form time-domain solution is presented for a spherical cavity in a homogeneous medium. Selected numerical solutions for homogeneous and non-homogeneous media show a significant increase in pore pressure and displacements due to the presence of thermodynamically coupled flows and a negligible influence on temperature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Putting accessibility in place: A relational reading of accessibility in policies for transit-oriented development

In order to facilitate sustainable development, a shift from mobility-based to accessibility-based planning has been suggested. However, if we rely on the modern conceptualisation of accessibility, such a shift would have limited results. As an alternative, this paper proposes a relational reading of accessibility, which questions the divide between mobility and place upon which the modern definition is based. It argues that the accessibility of a place is characterised by a specific coordination of presences and absences that depends as much on boundaries and exclusions as on mobility. If accessibility changes, so does the place. This interpretation makes accessibility a matter of priorities and provides a critical perspective on arguments for time–space compressions and progress. This is illustrated here using the example of a regional strategy for transit-oriented development in Sweden (Region Scania). For that case, the discourse on accessibility revealed simplified arguments for densification, progress and metropolitan ideals, contradicting the initial inclusive intentions of the strategy. Thus, there is a need to put accessibility in place so that a shift to accessibility-based planning facilitates a move towards social and environmental sustainability.