从数字摄影测量工作站(DPW)到数字摄影测量网格(DPGrid)

指出了现今的数字摄影测量工作站存在的问题,总结了当今数字摄影测量理论的发展,包括影像匹配与观测值的“独立性”原则、多基线近景摄影测量与广义点的概念。结合数字摄影测量硬件与理论的发展,引出由数字摄影测量工作站发展为数字摄影测量网格的理念,说明了数字摄影测量网格的结构、功能,包括基于刀片机的集成处理系统、基于网络的全无缝测图系统及其特点,讨论了数字摄影测量与计算机视觉的关系,介绍了数字摄影测量网格已取得的成果。     

广义点摄影测量及其应用

将传统的点摄影测量与当代发展的线摄影测量以及无穷远点理论综合升华为广义点摄影测量理论。论述了广义点摄影测量理论,介绍了其应用,包括由灭点计算影像参数及单像建模,由矢量与影像的匹配确定影像的参数,钣金件的检测与由轮廓线匹配确定飞机的姿态等     

论摄影测量与工程测量的结合--摄影全站仪+数码摄影机

主要讨论了摄影测量与工程测量集成的具体实现———摄影全站仪,系统阐述了摄影全站仪的几种工作方式、偏置量的检校、摄影全站仪的共线方程等,并提出控制片的概念,大大扩充了数字摄影测量的理论。摄影全站仪充分利用了摄影测量与工程测量的优势,无需在测量现场布设控制点标志,从而实现真正的无接触摄影测量。     

开放型摄影测量实验基地的设计与建立

摄影测量技术的学习和掌握离不开实验。文中提出建立开放型摄影测量实验基地模式,该基地应该具有如下功能:航空摄影,航测控制测量与调绘,数码相机检校,航测内业处理与测图。在该基地上,学生可以根据摄影测量的学习内容,选择相关实验项目,理论联系实际地学习掌握摄影测量基本理论和方法;学生也可以在基地上自主设计、模拟摄影测量生产过程,训练摄影测量技能,并进行摄影测量试验研究。该实验基地的设计理念和建立模式,将为高校现有摄影测量课程的教学和实验提供一种创新形式。     

本期导读

从数字摄影测量工作站(DPW)到数字摄影测量网格(DPGrid)(张祖勋)一文指出了现今的数字摄影测量工作站存在的问题，总结了当今数字摄影测量理论的发展，包括影像匹配与观测值的“独立性”原则、多基线近景摄影测量与广义点的概念。结合数字摄影测量硬件与理论的发展，引出由数字     

前言

正摄影测量技术产生一百多年来,形成了成熟的理论与方法,为世界各国的地形图测绘、地籍测量、工业测量等做出了重要贡献。20世纪70年代以来,以CCD/CMOS数字成像器件为代表的数字摄影技术和计算机技术的发展,带来了摄影测量理论与技术的变革,形成了目前的数字摄影测量理论与方法体     

论全数字摄影测量系统的发展

全数字摄影测量系统是摄影测量理论与计算机立体视觉、图像处理学科相结合的综合成果。着重介绍了数字摄影测量与传统摄影测量的不同，以及全数字摄影测量系统在工作中的应用及特点。     

新形势下摄影测量学课程教学改革探讨

随着视频卫星、无人机和计算机技术的普及与发展,摄影测量技术已经从传统地势侦察与地形测绘推广应用于智慧城市建设的各个领域,多学科的交叉融合是摄影测量发展的必经之路。为了满足传统摄影测量向智能摄影测量发展要求,本文在原有摄影测量教学的基础上,引入倾斜摄影测量与计算机视觉方面的相关知识,优化和完善摄影测量教学内容,丰富教学实践。本文教学改革探讨旨在扩展摄影测量教学前言知识,满足现代社会对创新型和实践型摄影测量人才的需求,为摄影测量学科适应新时代的发展提供了理论基础。     

数字摄影测量与计算机视觉

从摄影测量的角度出发,在回顾摄影测量的发展历程及其最新进展的基础上,系统分析了数字摄影测量与计算机视觉的共同点及其本质差异,指出数字摄影测量的下一步发展必须与计算机视觉的理论和最新发展相结合。     

摄影测量教学实验系统的设计与开发研究

受航空摄影仪以及飞行器等因素限制,摄影测量课程实验教学中某些实训项目难以实现。针对此问题,结合国产SWDC数字航空摄影仪的操作规程,以实现摄影测量生产流程中数据获取、像控点测量、空中三角测量、数据产品生成等全过程模拟为主线,以提高学习者摄影测量技术理论水平和实践技能为目标,通过对沙盘设计、曝光设计、影像数据采集、数据处理等设计达到摄影测量工作过程室内再现目的,旨在突破传统摄影测量技术课程的教学模式,帮助学习者加深对摄影测量专业知识的理解,提升专业实践能力,提高摄影测量理论和实践教学效果,为相关摄影测量数学课程提供参考。     

The specific character of limit errors in close range photogrammetry

Close-range photogrammetry is to determine the shape and size of the object, instead of it's absolute position. Therefore, at first, any translation and rotation of the photogrammetric model of the object caused by whole geodesic, photographic and photogrammetric procedures in close-range photogrammetry could not be considered. However, it is necessary to analyze all the reasons which cause the deformations of the shape and size and to present their corresponding theories and equations. This situation, of course, is very different from the conventional topophotogrammetry. In this paper some specific characters of limit errors in close-range photogrammetry are presented in detail, including limit errors for calibration of interior elements for close-range cameras, the limit errors of relative and absolute orientations in close-range cameras, the limit errors of relative and absolute orientations in close-range photogrammetric procedures, and the limit errors of control works in close-range photogrammetry. A theoretical equation of calibration accuracy for close-range camerais given. Relating to the three examples in this paper, their theoretical accuracy requirement of interior elements of camera change in the scope of ±(0.005–0.350) mm. This discussion permits us to reduce accuracy requirement in calibration for an object with small relief, but the camera platform is located in violent vibration environment. Another theoretical equation of relative RMS of base lines (mS/S) and the equation RMS of start direction are also presented. It is proved that themS/S could be equal to the relative RMS ofmΔX/ΔX. It is also proved that the permitting RMS of start direction is much bigger than the traditionally used one. Some useful equations of limit errors in close-range photogrammetry are presented as well. Suggestions mentioned above are perhaps beneficial for increasing efficiency, for reducing production cost.     

THE SPECIFIC CHARACTER OF LIMIT ERRORS IN CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY

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一种新型的数码相机室内检校场的建立方法

为了实现普通数码相机应用于摄影测量任务前的检验,提出了一种简易室内数码相机检校场的建立方法和流程。首先进行检校场地的建立,包括场地的选择、标志点的制作及其坐标的量测,然后对检校场的可靠性进行了验证。结果表明所建立的简易室内数码相机检校场能够满足普通数码相机应用于近景摄影测量的检校要求。并且,检校场建立简易,费用较传统数码相机检校场大大降低,是对传统大型室内数码相机检校场的改进。     

数码相机检验中出现的问题及解决方法

数码相机的检验是近景摄影测量中经常碰到的问题。最常用的主要还是基于共线方程的后方交会法。但由于普通数码相机存在较大的镜头畸变,内方位元素也未知,所以仅用单片进行后方交会求取有关参数时,法方程可能会出现病态现象,从而影响最后的检验结果。文中对此现象进行了讨论,并给出了一些实用的解决方法。     

Evaluation of the geometric stability and the accuracy potential of digital cameras — Comparing mechanical stabilisation versus parameterisation

Recent tests on the geometric stability of several digital cameras that were not designed for photogrammetric applications have shown that the accomplished accuracies in object space are either limited or that the accuracy potential is not exploited to the fullest extent. A total of 72 calibrations were calculated with four different software products for eleven digital camera models with different hardware setups, some with mechanical fixation of one or more parts. The calibration procedure was chosen in accord to a German guideline for evaluation of optical 3D measuring systems [VDI/VDE, VDI/VDE 2634 Part 1, 2002. Optical 3D Measuring Systems–Imaging Systems with Point-by-point Probing. Beuth Verlag, Berlin]. All images were taken with ringflashes which was considered a standard method for close-range photogrammetry. In cases where the flash was mounted to the lens, the force exerted on the lens tube and the camera mount greatly reduced the accomplished accuracy. Mounting the ringflash to the camera instead resulted in a large improvement of accuracy in object space. For standard calibration best accuracies in object space were accomplished with a Canon EOS 5D and a 35 mm Canon lens where the focusing tube was fixed with epoxy (47  μm maximum absolute length measurement error in object space). The fixation of the Canon lens was fairly easy and inexpensive resulting in a sevenfold increase in accuracy compared with the same lens type without modification. A similar accuracy was accomplished with a Nikon D3 when mounting the ringflash to the camera instead of the lens (52  μm maximum absolute length measurement error in object space). Parameterisation of geometric instabilities by introduction of an image variant interior orientation in the calibration process improved results for most cameras. In this case, a modified Alpa 12 WA yielded the best results (29  μm maximum absolute length measurement error in object space). Extending the parameter model with FiBun software to model not only an image variant interior orientation, but also deformations in the sensor domain of the cameras, showed significant improvements only for a small group of cameras. The Nikon D3 camera yielded the best overall accuracy (25  μm maximum absolute length measurement error in object space) with this calibration procedure indicating at the same time the presence of image invariant error in the sensor domain. Overall, calibration results showed that digital cameras can be applied for an accurate photogrammetric survey and that only a little effort was sufficient to greatly improve the accuracy potential of digital cameras.     

High Resolution Still Video Camera for Industrial Photogrammetry

Still video cameras are easy to handle, portable, digital image acquisition devices for close range photogrammetry. They allow fast object recording without being connected to a computer. As an example of the new camera type, the high resolution Kodak DCS200 is presented in this paper, combined with the DPA digital photogrammetric station used for image measurement and object reconstruction. The performance of this three dimensional measurement system is illustrated by calibration results as well as applications to high precision dimensional inspection in industry.     

DMC数字航摄在大比例尺地形图成图中的应用

数字航空摄影具有从测量到成图的全过程数字化的优点。结合1∶2000地形图DMC全数字摄影测量项目对面阵CCD航摄像机用于大比例尺航测成图的基本要求进行了分析研究,提出数字像机的几何标定、数字摄影的质量检验和生产作业规范制订的必要性。     

线阵近景数字测量相机的数码机背设计与实现

线阵近景测量相机以大视场、高精度和高效率等优点,在数字近景摄影测量领域得到了广泛应用。Ko-dar公司KIL-14403线阵CCD作为线阵近景测量相机的图像传感器,具有像素多、灵敏度高等特点,非常适合近景数字摄影测量相机的要求。因此,针对KIL-14403线阵CCD设计了线阵近景测量相机的数码机背电子电路,完成了原理样机研制。经过实际测试,达到了预期效果,为近景摄影测量提供了一种高效的数字摄影测量相机的关键部件。     

UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE NORTH SEA

Underwater photogrammetry is being used in the particularly hostile environment of the North Sea where it has been put into commercially viable operation. The authors discuss underwater photogrammetry related to other means of inspection of oil platforms. They also deal with operational experience of 35 mm and 70 mm cameras, camera calibration, the provision of control and photogrammetric observations and data analysis. The demand for underwater photogrammetry continues to grow.