The thermo-tectonic history of the Song-Kul plateau, Kyrgyz Tien Shan: Constraints by apatite and titanite thermochronometry and zircon U/Pb dating

The Song-Kul Basin sits on a plateau at the Northern and Middle Kyrgyz Tien Shan junction. It is a lacustrine basin, occupied by Lake Song-Kul and predominantly developed on igneous basement. This basement was targeted for a multi-method chronological study to identify the different magmatic episodes responsible for basement formation and to constrain the timing of the development of its present-day morphology. Zircon U/Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS revealed four different magmatic episodes: a Late Cambrian (~ 500 Ma) island arc system, a Late Ordovician (~ 450 Ma) subduction related intrusion, an Early Permian (~ 290 Ma) collisional stage, and a Middle to Late Permian (~ 260 Ma) post-collisional magmatic pulse. Middle to Late Triassic (~ 200–230 Ma) titanite fission-track ages and Late Triassic – Early Jurassic (~ 180–210 Ma) apatite fission-track ages and thermal history modeling indicate the Song-Kul basement was already emplaced in the shallow crust at that time. An exhumed fossil apatite fission-track partial annealing zone is recognized in the bordering Song-Kul mountain ranges. The area experienced only minor post-Early Mesozoic denudation. The igneous basement was slowly brought to apatite (U–Th)/He retention temperatures in the Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene. Miocene to present reactivation of the Tien Shan does not manifestly affect this part of the orogen.     

石榴子石U- Pb精确测年对斑岩- 矽卡岩型铜矿床成岩时限的制约——以西藏桑日铜矿为例

矽卡岩型矿床是全球最具经济价值且研究最为深入的矿床类型之一。其矿物分带、金属矿化机制、流体演化特征均已获得共识性的结论,但其矽卡岩的成岩作用时限一致是困扰成矿作用机理研究的难题。桑日铜矿是青藏高原班公湖- 怒江成矿带中段新发现的重要斑岩- 矽卡岩型矿床。金属矿物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿和少量辉钼矿,呈细脉状、块状、浸染状产于斑岩和矽卡岩中。文章以西藏班戈县桑日铜矿为实例,利用飞秒激光剥蚀系统高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,对矿区内矽卡岩中的石榴子石进行U- Pb精确定年,获得其结晶时代为83. 2±2. 3Ma(MSWD=1. 2, n =26),有效限定矽卡岩成岩作用时代为晚白垩世。同时,将其与含矿斑岩锆石U- Pb年龄和辉钼矿Re- Os年龄对比,发现三者在误差范围内基本一致,说明三者属于同一成岩成矿作用事件的产物。因此,石榴子石U- Pb精确测年能够有效厘定矽卡岩矿床或斑岩- 矽卡岩成矿系统中矽卡岩成岩作用时限,也为诸多矽卡岩矿床成矿机理研究提供了新的测试手段和数据支撑,具有良好的应用前景。     

西藏轮郎铅锌矿床S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质来源的示踪

轮郎矽卡岩型铅锌矿床位于冈底斯斑岩铜矿带北侧的铅锌银成矿带。本文基于该矿床成矿地质条件,对矽卡岩型矿石中主要的金属矿物闪锌矿、方铅矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿的S、Pb同位素特征进行研究,进一步探讨了矿床成矿物质来源,并与区域矿产特征进行对比。结果显示,矿石矿物的δ34S为-2.3‰~4.1‰,平均值为1.46‰,其频率直方图具有塔式分布特征,具幔源硫特征。矿石矿物的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为18.179~18.692,平均值为18.543;~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.588~15.802,平均值为15.687;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为38.532~39.305,平均值为38.900;μ值在9.44~9.83之间,具有上地壳与地幔混合的造山带铅特征。轮郎矿床S、Pb同位素特征与冈底斯成矿带北亚带矽卡岩型矿床类似。成矿物质主要来源于念青唐古拉结晶基底片麻岩,部分来自造山带幔源物质。     

Fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Cobre–Babilonia polymetallic epithermal vein system, Taxco district, Guerrero, Mexico

The Cobre–Babilonia vein system formed during a single major hydrothermal stage and is part of the Taxco district in Guerrero, southern Mexico. Homogenization and ice melting temperatures range from 160 to 290 °C and from − 11.6 to − 0.5 °C, respectively. We determined an approximate thermal gradient of 17 to 20 °C per 100 m using fluid inclusions. A thermal peak marked by the 290 °C isotherm is interpreted as a major feeder channel to the veins. The highest content of Zn + Pb in ore coincides with the 220 and 240 °C isotherms. Salinities of mineralizing fluids range from 0.8 to 15.6 wt.% NaCl equiv, and are distributed in two populations that can be related with barren or ore-bearing vein sections, with 0.8 to 6 wt.% NaCl equiv and 7 to 15.6 wt.% NaCl equiv, respectively. δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O water values from calcite from the Cobre–Babilonia vein system and the Esperanza Vieja and Guadalupe mantos range − 5.4‰ to − 10.4‰ and 9.9‰ to 13.4‰, respectively. δ³⁴S values range from 0‰ to 3.2‰ and − 0.7‰ to − 4.3‰ in sphalerite, − 4‰ to 0.9‰ in pyrite, and − 1.4‰ to − 5.5‰ in galena. Both fluid inclusion and stable isotope data are compatible with magmatic and meteoric sources for mineralizing fluids. Also, sulfur isotope compositions suggest both magmatic and sedimentary sources for sulfur.     

赞比亚东北部卡布韦卢马组碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素特征

卡布韦卢马组广泛出露于赞比亚东北部姆波罗科索盆地中心部位,作为覆盖在变质基底之上的稳定盖层姆波罗科索群的一部分,其沉积环境、沉积时代和蚀源区的研究对了解班韦乌卢地块的演化具有重要意义。本文在详细的野外调查基础上,通过对卡布韦卢马组的实测地质剖面、LA-(MC)ICP-MS碎屑锆石微区U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析,笔者认为卡布韦卢马组主体岩性为一套在稳定的水动力条件下缓慢沉降的远滨沉积序列,其下部主要表现为辫状河、曲流河或湖口三角洲相沉积特征,中上部则逐渐过渡为远滨深水湖相沉积;本次得到的碎屑锆石谐和年龄范围2228±20～1712±22Ma,最年轻的碎屑锆石和已经公开报道的卡萨马群碎屑锆石年龄共同限定了卡布韦卢马组沉积时限可能介于1712±22Ma～1434±14Ma,属于中-古元古代;卡布韦卢马组的碎屑锆石表现出明显的近源特征且大部分为岩浆成因,表明其蚀源区为近端的岩浆岩;卡布韦卢马组及整个沉积盖层的碎屑锆石普遍存在两个年龄峰值区:2100～1960Ma、1900～1740Ma,分别和区域上乌本迪构造带乌萨加兰期和乌本迪期构造热事件相吻合,其主要物源区可能为班韦乌卢地块及其周边的古元...     

Two types of gneisses associated with eclogite at Shuanghe in the Dabie terrane: carbon isotope, zircon U–Pb dating and oxygen isotope

There are two types of gneisses, biotite paragneiss and granitic orthogneiss, to be closely associated with UHP eclogite at Shuanghe in the Dabie terrane. Both concentration and isotope composition of bulk carbon in apatite and host gneisses were determined by the EA-MS online technique. Structural carbonate within the apatite was detected by the XRD and FTIR techniques. Significant ¹³C-depletion was observed in the apatite with δ¹³C values of −28.6‰ to −22.3‰ and the carbon concentrations of 0.70–4.98 wt.% CO₂ despite a large variation in δ¹⁸O from −4.3‰ to +10.6‰ for these gneisses. There is significant heterogeneity in both δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O within the gneisses on the scale of several tens meters, pointing to the presence of secondary processes after the UHP metamorphism. Considerable amounts of carbonate carbon occur in some of the gneisses that were also depleted in ¹³C primarily, but subjected to overprint of ¹³C-rich CO₂-bearing fluid after the UHP metamorphism. The ¹³C-depleted carbon in the gneisses is interpreted to be inherited from their precursors that suffered meteoric–hydrothermal alteration before plate subduction. Both low δ¹³C values and structural carbonate in the apatite suggest the presence of ¹³C-poor CO₂ in the UHP metamorphic fluid. The ¹³C-poor CO₂ is undoubtedly derived from oxidation of organic matter in the subsurface fluid during the prograde UHP metamorphism.

Zircons from two samples of the granitic orthogneiss exhibit low δ¹⁸O values of −4.1‰ to −1.1‰, demonstrating that its protolith was significantly depleted in ¹⁸O prior to magma crystallization. U–Pb discordia datings for the ¹⁸O-depleted zircons yield Neoproterozoic ages of 724–768 Ma for the protolith of the granitic orthogneiss, consistent with protolith ages of most eclogites and orthogneisses from the other regions in the Dabie–Sulu orogen. Therefore, the meteoric–hydrothermal alteration is directly dated to occur at mid-Neoproterozoic, and may be correlated with the Rodinia supercontinental breakup and the snowball Earth event. It is thus deduced that the igneous protolith of the granitic orthogneiss and some eclogites would intrude into the older sequences composing the sedimentary protoliths of the biotite paragneiss and some eclogites along the northern margin of the Yangtze plate at mid-Neoproterozoic, and drove local meteoric–hydrothermal circulation systems in which both ¹³C- and ¹⁸O-depleted fluid interacted with the protoliths of these UHP rocks now exposed in the Dabie terrane.     

苏鲁仰口超高压岩石SHRIMP锆石U/Pb定年与部分熔融时限

在大型碰撞造山带中,在陆壳物质深俯冲或快速折返早期,在超高压-高压条件下,易熔组分可能发生水致或脱水部分熔融,形成花岗质熔体。在超高压-高压条件下,苏鲁超高压岩石发生过部分熔融作用,形成长英质多晶体包裹体和不同尺度的花岗质岩石, 导致可观的地球化学效应。为确定苏鲁超高压岩石部分熔融的时限,对山东仰口超高压副片麻岩和其中平行片麻理的同构造钾质花岗岩脉进行了SHRIMP锆石U/Pb地质年代学、全岩地球化学和锆石内矿物包裹体的研究。副片麻岩的锆石具有典型的核-幔-边结构。核部锆石为碎屑锆石,²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄大于282Ma,可能反映了副片麻岩的原岩包含不同成因的物质;幔部和边部的Th/U比都小于0.1,分别给出233±3Ma和214±4Ma的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U 年龄,分别对应于超高压变质和角闪岩相退变质年龄。同构造花岗岩脉是富钾过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.2),锆石也具有核-幔-边结构;核部锆石年龄与副片麻岩的核部锆石年龄相当,反映了该花岗岩脉的源区可能是变沉积岩;除幔部锆石的一个点具有²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为234.6±3.9Ma之外,其它幔部锆石位于谐和线附近,给出²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为220.8±2.9Ma, 该年龄代表着该花岗岩脉的形成年龄。上述数据表明,在仰口地区,超高压岩石的部分熔融作用早于角闪岩相退变质作用。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷片钠铝石的碳氧同位素组成及流体来源探讨

作为胶结物或交代自生矿物,片钠铝石（分子式为NaAlCO3（OH）2）大量发育于海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统南屯组、大磨拐河组砂岩中.根据片钠铝石稳定同位素组成,探讨了片钠铝石中碳的来源.片钠铝石的δ^13C分布连续,其范围为-5.253‰～-1.210‰（PDB）,δ^18O分布范围为-24.896‰～-20.960‰（PDB）,考虑到海拉尔盆地探井中未钻遇碳酸盐地层,片钠铝石属岩浆成因碳酸盐范畴.结合与片钠铝石平衡的CO2的δ13C值,含片钠铝石井和幔源CO2气井分布相吻合且位于燕山期花岗岩或附近的深大断裂带上,认为海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷岩浆活动-砂岩成岩（片钠铝石形成）-幔源CO2气成藏不论在物质成分上还是在时空上均具备较好的耦合关系,形成片钠铝石所需的CO2气为与燕山期岩浆作用有关的幔源CO2气,深大断裂是深部CO2气向上运移到浅部砂岩的主要通道,片钠铝石形成时因油气充注而介入少量生物成因碳.     

太行山北段木吉村髫髻山组安山岩锆石U Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及其对区域成岩成矿规律的指示

太行山北段是中国东部中生代重要的成矿区带,髫髻山组火山岩记录了该地区中生代大规模成岩成矿事件发生的时代和有关岩浆作用源区的信息。髫髻山组安山岩中锆石大多具有明显的核幔结构,LA-MCICP-MS测试得出,锆石幔部年龄为144~145Ma左右,核部年龄为2.08~2.65Ga。两组锆石年龄中,前者代表了髫髻山组火山岩的形成时代,两件样品加权平均年龄分别为145.28±0.44Ma和144.61±0.76Ma;后者年龄与华北克拉通在前寒武纪增生变质等演化时代一致,揭示出火山岩形成过程中华北克拉通古老地壳的参与。对应两组年龄,锆石Hf同位素特征也明显的分为两组,中生代εHf_(l)值集中于-25~-10之间,表现为壳幔混合源区特征;新太古代—古元古代εHf_(1)值集中于0~10之间,表现为地壳增生的特征,与华北克拉通前寒武纪的演化时代相一致。结合已有岩石地球化学研究,髫髻山组火山岩的形成源于富集地幔部分熔融,在岩浆上侵过程中同化混染(或混合)了华北克拉通的古老地壳,在经历了分离结晶作用后侵位产出。髫髻山组火山岩是晚中生代华北克拉通构造背景转换的代表,在其形成后发育有大量与之相关的斑岩型铜钼矿床,通过总结对比中生代中国东部成岩成矿规律,我们推测太行山地区在中生代可能形成有两期重要的成矿事件,一期以斑岩型铜—钼矿床的形成为特征,另一期由金矿床的产出为代表。     

湖南瑶岗仙钨矿稳定同位素地球化学研究

瑶岗仙矿区拥有大规模脉型钨矿和矽卡岩型钨矿,以及中型铅锌矿床。石英脉型钨矿床脉体中的多阶段性、空间分带性均不明显,围岩蚀变规模小。矽卡岩型钨矿床蚀变规模大,多阶段,成矿温度跨度大,分带明显。石英脉型钨矿床硫化物δ34S=-2.6~3.9‰,平均-0.35‰,范围集中于0值附近,塔式分布;δ18O＝12.4‰~14.4‰,δD=-60‰~-54‰,δ18O值、δD值集中,变化范围很小。矽卡岩矿床δ34S=-1.3~3.6‰,平均0.99‰,略高于石英脉型钨矿床;石英δ18O＝1.5‰~11.7‰（杮竹园数据）,变化范围大。铅锌矿床δ34S=-2.9~1.4‰,平均-0.8‰,略低于钨矿;石英δ18O＝12.1‰~15.4‰,δD=43‰~51‰,变化范围更大。石英脉型、矽卡岩型钨矿和铅锌矿铅同位素组成范围相似,206Pb/204Pb=18.548~18.701,207Pb/204Pb=15.691~15.811,206Pb/204Pb=38.809~39.212。地质和S、Pb、H、O同位素研究说明,瑶岗仙矿区脉型钨矿与矽卡岩型钨矿床含不同的稳定同位素,显示成矿物质和成矿流体来源的差异性,成矿过程也不相同。脉型矿床成矿物质和成矿流体具体较单一的岩浆来源,没有明显的大气降水参与;而矽卡岩型矿床成矿物质主要来自于岩浆,也有沉积岩围岩的贡献,早阶段成矿流体来自于岩浆,中晚阶段有大量的大气降水参与成矿。与矽卡岩型钨矿床相比,脉型矿床成矿作用具有较低的水/岩比值。铅锌矿的地质地球化学特征更加相似于矽卡岩外围的分带形成的铅锌矿,即铅锌矿化属于矽卡岩演化至硫化物阶段的成果,而与石英脉型钨矿床无明显关系。     

Uncoupled U/Pb and REE response in zircon during the transformation of eclogite to mafic and intermediate granulite (Blanský les,Bohemian Massif)

An eclogite–mafic granulite occurs as a rare boudin within a felsic kyanite–K‐feldspar granulite in a low‐strain zone. Its boundary is marked by significant metasomatism–diffusional gain of potassium at the centimetre‐scale, and probable infiltration of felsic melt on a larger scale. This converted the eclogite–mafic granulite into an intermediate‐composition, ternary‐feldspar‐bearing granulite. Based on inclusions in garnet, the peak P–T conditions of the original eclogite are 18 kbar at 850–950 °C, with later matrix re‐equilibration at 12 kbar and 950 °C. Four samples from the transition of the eclogite–mafic granulite through to the intermediate granulite were studied. In the eclogite, REE patterns in the garnet core show no Eu anomaly, compatible with crystallization in the absence of plagioclase and consistent with eclogite facies conditions. Towards the rim of garnet, LREE decrease, and a weak negative Eu anomaly appears, reflecting passage into HP granulite facies conditions with plagioclase present. The rims of garnet next to ternary feldspar in the intermediate granulite show the lowest LREE and deepest Eu anomalies. Zircon from the four samples was analysed by LASS (laser ablation–split‐stream inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry). It shows U–Pb ages from 404 ± 4.0 to 331 ± 3.3 Ma, with a peak at 340 ± 4.0 Ma corresponding to the likely exhumation of the rocks to 12 kbar. Older ages from zircon with steep HREE patterns indicate the minimum age of the protolith, and ages <360 ± 4.0 Ma are interpreted to correspond to the eclogite facies metamorphism. Only some zircon grains ≤350 ± 4.0 Ma have flat HREE patterns, suggesting that these are primarily modified protolith grains, rather than new zircon crystallized in the eclogite‐ or granulite facies. The metasomatic processes that converted the eclogite–mafic granulite to an intermediate granulite may have facilitated zircon modification as zircon in the intermediate granulite has flat HREE and ages of 340 ± 4.0 Ma. The difference between the oldest and youngest ages with flat REE patterns indicates a 16 ± 5.6 Ma period of zircon modification in the presence of garnet.     

辽宁大石桥菱镁矿床的碳氧同位素组成和成因

在2.33~2.06Ga期间,δ¹³C_carb发生了地质历史上最强烈的正异常事件,被称为Lomagundi事件。辽河群形成于2.3~1.85Ga期间,其大石桥组蕴涵超大型的大石桥菱镁矿矿床,在矿区厚约1144m。为检验华北克拉通对Lomagundi事件响应,揭示大石桥菱镁矿的成因,本文报道我们最新获得的地球化学研究结果。大石桥菱镁矿6件下伏白云岩地层样品的CaO/MgO摩尔比为0.87~0.94,δ¹³C_carb和δ¹⁸O_carb值分别为0.6‰~1.4‰（平均1.2‰,V-PDB标准）和16.4‰~19.5‰（平均18.2‰,SMOW标准）;与世界正常海相碳酸盐岩地层相比,δ¹³C_carb较高,而δ¹⁸O_carb较低,表明原始沉积物具有类似于Lomagundi事件的δ¹³C_carb正异常,δ¹³C_carb可能高达4.2‰,但δ¹³C_carb和δ¹⁸O_carb值均在沉积之后的成岩或/和变质过程中显著降低。研究剖面大石桥菱镁矿含矿地层厚逾550m,6件样品的CaO/Mg0摩尔比为0.005~0.23,δ¹³C_carb和δ¹⁸O_carb值分别为0.1‰~0.6‰（平均0.4‰）,9.2‰~12.7‰（平均10.9‰）,均低于下伏围岩白云岩;推测与区域变质有关的流体交代作用导致岩石发生重结晶作用和同位素交换,使δ¹³C_V-PDB和δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值降低。而对菱镁矿顶板白云岩和网脉状菱镁矿矿石的研究进一步证明了上述解释的合理性。总之,大石桥菱镁矿的形成经历了初始沉积、成岩作用、区域变质和流体交代作用以及成矿后的局部蚀变作用。     

贵州下寒武统黑色岩系多金属矿层成矿物质来源的铅同位素示踪

为探讨贵州黑色岩系多金属矿层的成因和成矿物质来源,文章对镇远江所出露的黑色岩系多金属层铅同位素进行了测试。结果表明,黑色岩系多金属矿石铅来源于壳源混合铅,且具有富铀铅贫钍铅的特点,下寒武统牛蹄塘组的下伏灯影组富铀铅而贫钍铅的化学沉积物可能提供了较多的成矿物质。成矿物质主要来源于地壳,具有地幔铅混染的特点,是岩浆作用,化学沉积作用,海底热水作用共同参与的结果。黑色岩系多金属矿层的形成是多种成矿作用过程叠加的结果,具有多来源,多期次的成矿特点。     

重庆南川铝土矿物源分析：碎屑锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和锆石微量元素示踪

重庆南川沉积型铝土矿主产于中下志留统韩家店组与中二叠统梁山组的侵蚀面上,即赋矿层位为梁山组中下部(大竹园组),是黔北-渝南铝土成矿带的重要组成部分。铝土矿中碎屑锆石丰富,具有典型振荡环带特征,应用LA-(MC)-ICP-MS方法分别对碎屑状和土状铝土矿样品进行了全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和锆石微量元素分析。结果显示两件样品为陆壳的、与造山/弧作用相关的花岗岩类锆石,其U-Pb年龄分布从晚泥盆世到太古宙(406～3054Ma)均有出现,主要显示出4个年龄区间:410～630Ma、732～1251Ma、1405～1757Ma和2409～2553Ma,但高峰在732～1251 Ma,峰值年龄出现在800 Ma和1000 Ma,且锆石εHf(t)值主要分布在-15～10间。铝土矿和韩家店组、黄龙组一致的碎屑锆石年龄分布和沉积古地理环境暗示后两者是铝土矿最直接的母岩。通过对比华南板块不同地层的地质特征、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素,发现来自江南造山带西段和华夏陆块南岭-云开地块的中新元古代长英质岩石是碎屑锆石最主要的初始物源区,而扬子西缘和北缘贡献较少。     

Porphyry and skarn Au–Cu deposits in the Shizishan orefield, Tongling, East China: U–Pb dating and in-situ Hf isotope analysis of zircons and petrogenesis of associated granitoids

The magnetite-series (I-type) calc-alkaline granitoid suit, ranging from pyroxene monzodiorite to granodiorite, is associated with the porphyry and skarn gold–copper deposits at the Shizishan orefield in Tongling district, Anhui Province. In-situ U–Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis of magmatic and inherited zircons are combined with whole rock Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data and mineral thermobarometry to interpret the petrogenesis. The magmatic zircons from the quartz monzodiorites yield weighted average ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of ca. 139 Ma and mean ε_Hf(t) value of −19.8 ± 3.9 (1σ), while those from the pyroxene monzodiorite show a similar mean age but notably higher mean ε_Hf(t) value (−8.5 ± 1.4). The inherited zircons from the quartz monzodiorite yield ages of 0.8, 2.0 and 2.4 Ga with mean ε_Hf(t) value of −2.9 ± 1.4, while those from the pyroxene monzodiorite show younger ages (165 to 245 Ma) but similar mean ε_Hf(t) value (−5.6 ± 4.5). Whole rock Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data indicate that crustal material significantly contributed to the magma. Mineral thermobarometry results reveal that the depths of the discrete magma chambers were about 23 km, and 10 to 2 km deep.The data above combined with previous studies suggest that: 1) The magma emplacement and crystallization (typically for zircons) mainly occurred at about 139 Ma, consistent with the age of mineralization; 2) The primary pyroxene monzodioritic magma might have mixed with the magma produced by partial melting of the Yangtze lower crust, and accumulated in the magma chamber at ca. 23 km deep in the lower crust level; 3) AFC and magma mixing were the dominate processes for the magmatic evolutions at shallow level (2 to 10 km), where the circumstances were favorable for mineralization.     

南阿尔金木纳布拉克地区石英闪长岩的成因：来自地球化学特征、锆石U- Pb定年和Lu- Hf同位素组成的制约

本文对南阿尔金木纳布拉克地区西侧出露在巴什库尔干岩群的石英闪长岩体进行了详细的岩石学、全岩地球化学、锆石年代学和Lu-Hf同位素分析研究。全岩地球化学显示,石英闪长岩的SiO_2=55.94%～57.38%,具有高的Na_2O/K_2O=1.19～1.60比值、准铝质(A/CNK=0.92～0.95)的特征。稀土元素配分图上,所有样品显示弱或无Eu负异常,轻稀土富集和重稀土相对亏损;在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上,大部分样品相对富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,总体显示壳源型高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列的准铝质I型花岗岩特征。CL阴极发光图像显示,该石英闪长岩中的锆石晶体多为长柱状,自形程度较好,具有清晰的韵律环带结构,利用LA-ICP-MS进行锆石U-Pb定年分析,获得其年龄为455.5±1.3Ma,结合锆石的CL图像内部结构特征,推断该年龄为石英闪长岩的结晶年龄。该年龄与南阿尔金高压-超高压岩石的高压麻粒岩相退变质年龄一致,且与南阿尔金早古生代第三期岩浆活动时间(460～451Ma)一致。锆石Hf同位素研究获得该岩石的两阶段模式年龄(1512～1823Ma)和Hf同位素组成[ε_(Hf)(t)=-6.29～-1.35]与南阿尔金同期的～450Ma的早古生代花岗岩一致[t_(DM2 )=1331～1789 Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)=-8.8～-0.4],表明二者源岩的源区具有相似性,主要来自于中元古-古元古地壳物质的重熔再造。在源岩判别图解上,所有样本均落在玄武岩源区附近,推断该石英闪长岩为下地壳玄武岩部分熔融形成。此外,研究区内出露有与该石英闪长岩同时期的超镁铁质岩石,且样品的某些地球化学特征值介于地幔和地壳平均值之间,显示其形成过程中应有幔源岩浆的混入。综合上述研究,推断南阿尔金木纳布拉克地区的石英闪长岩应为南阿尔金俯冲陆壳在折返过程中,由于压力降低导致下地壳玄武岩发生部分熔融并与地幔物质发生混合,后侵入地壳冷却结晶形成。     

Geochronology of the Xingshan molybdenum deposit,Jilin Province,NE China,and its Hf isotope significance

The Xingshan porphyry Mo deposit is located in the Lesser Xing’an Range–Zhangguangcai Range metallogenic belt, NE China. Mineralization occurred in granodioritic porphyry and monzogranite, which have zircon U–Pb ages of 171.7 ± 2.2 Ma and 170.9 ± 4.6 Ma, respectively. Molybdenite Re–Os dating indicates that Mo mineralization occurred at 167.3 ± 2.5 Ma. These geochronological data suggest that the magmatic and hydrothermal activities of the Xingshan Mo deposit happened during the Middle Jurassic in Mesozoic. Positive ε_Hf values (6.2–11.6) and young T_DM2 (473–826 Ma) of the monzogranite (XS-3) and granodioritic porphyry (XS-5) indicate that the source materials of Xingshan ore-bearing rocks are the juvenile crust, which mainly accreted on the Songnen block during the Meso-Neoproterozoic. Xingshan porphyry Mo deposits resulted from the magmatism and tectonism induced by the subduction of Paleo-Pacific Ocean.     

藏南扎西康矿区流纹岩的岩石地球化学、 锆石U Pb测年和Hf同位素组成

本文对藏南扎西康铅锌锑银矿区流纹岩进行详细的岩石地球化学、锆石U Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成研究。详细的地球化学特征显示,扎西康流纹岩具有富硅（SiO2=73.37%~77.08%）、贫碱（Na2O+K2O=3.48%~3.56%）,贫Mg（MgO=0.36%~0.49%）,贫Ca（CaO=0.50%~0.66%）,强过铝质（A/CNK=2.16~2.62）, 富集Rb、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素及Hf、Nd等高场强元素,并明显亏损Sr、Ti等元素。稀土总量较高（∑REE=295.71×10-6~343.82×10-6）,轻稀土富集,且轻重稀土分异明显（LREE/HREE=10.00~12.62）,弱负Eu异常（δEu=0.57~0.88）,无明显Ce异常。采用LA MC ICP MS对流纹岩锆石U Pb年龄进行测定,岩体成岩年龄为135.33±0.62Ma。锆石εHf(t)值较低,主要集中在-9.5~-24.2,显示其物源为壳源。扎西康矿区出露的流纹岩形成于早白垩世,可能是Comei—Bunury大火成岩省的一部分。     

江西九瑞地区东雷湾矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床流体包裹体特征及稳定同位素地球化学研究

对位于江西九瑞地区的东雷湾矽卡岩型铜钼金多金属矿床主成矿阶段(石英金属硫化物阶段)石英中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学和显微测温研究。结果表明,与成矿有关的包裹体类型主要有4类,成矿流体的均一温度和盐度主要集中于210~350℃和1%~9%,总体属于高中温、中低盐度流体体系。包裹体的气相成分以H2O和CO2为主,其次有N2、CO、O2,有少量CH4、C2H2;液相成分中,阳离子以Ca2+、K+、Na+为主,含少量Mg2+,阴离子以Cl-、SO2-4为主,含少量NO-3、NO-2,流体属于CO2-H2O-Na Cl-Ca Cl2(KCl)体系,计算所得离子浓度为3.1%~34.5%。氢、氧同位素特征显示,主成矿阶段成矿流体δ18OH2O值为0.93‰~5.20‰,δDV-SMOW值为-81‰~-64‰,表明成矿流体主要为岩浆水,有极少量大气降水混入。矿石硫化物的δ34SV-CDT‰值为-2.2‰~3.4‰,结合铅、铼同位素特征表明,东雷湾矿床的成矿物质主要来源于上地幔,同时有一定量的壳源物质混入。东雷湾矿床为热液交代矽卡岩型矿床,区域褶皱和断裂为成矿岩浆提供运移通道,岩浆侵位发育矽卡岩型岩浆流体系统,并伴随有Cu(Mo、Au等)矿化,最终形成矿床。