碳酸盐岩中锶元素地球化学特征及其指示意义——以北京下古生界碳酸盐岩为例

应用Sr指示古环境的方法很多,其中以Sr的含量和与Sr配对的相应的元素比值作为指示剂,具有典型代表性。本文以北京下古生界碳酸盐岩为研究对象,采用ICP-MS分析技术测试了49件样品中Sr、Ba、Cu的含量。以Sr的含量、Sr/Ba、Sr/Cu比值作为地化指标,深入探讨了Sr的地球化学特征。系统的分析了Sr含量,Sr/Ba、Sr/Cu比值对不同的沉积环境的地质响应。指出从浅海环境到深海环境Sr含量及其相应的元素比值增加趋势明显,对沉积环境具有重要的指示作用。并且,Sr的分布还受到不同沉积旋回的影响,研究沉积作用对Sr分布的影响时,应在同一沉积旋回中进行。此外还深入研究了不同岩性、不同沉积旋回中Sr的分布特征,探讨了影响Sr分布的不同因素。归纳了Sr对沉积环境的指示作用。就成岩作用对碳酸盐岩中Sr分布的影响,结合前人的工作,进行了探索性的分析。     

东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段沉积环境的地球化学特征

东营凹陷是一个北断南超的不对称箕状断陷湖盆,湖盆中的常量元素和微量元素含量及有关元素比值呈现出明显的旋回变化特征。而其中元素的分配及比值的变化、组合都在一定程度上指示着古沉积环境的演化历程。通过分析Fe,Mn,Ca,Sr等元素含量和Fe／Mn,Sr／Ba,Sr／Ca,Mg／Ca等元素比值以及碳氧同位素的变化特征。对东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段沉积时期的沉积环境进行了系统的研究。结果反映了沙四段沉积时期的古气候、古盐度、古湖水面和古生产力基本上都显示出了旋回变化的特征。     

元素地球化学特征在识别碳酸盐岩层序界面中的应用——以冀北坳陷中元古界高于庄组为例

元素是组成岩石矿物的基本单元,它们对环境的变化极为敏感。地层中元素的分配及比值变化、组合都在一定程度上纪录着古沉积环境的演化历程,这些对恢复古沉积环境,研究海相碳酸盐古盐度、海平面相对变化具有重要的指示意义。利用元素地球化学特征对冀北坳陷中元古界高于庄组层序地层单元进行研究,发现在古气候的影响下,古盐度、相对海平面变化与碳酸盐中的元素含量及有关元素比值呈现明显的旋回变化特征。其中Sr/Ba比值法与硼法判别精度相对较高,可以作为识别和划分碳酸盐岩层序界面的有效标志。     

南黄海3.50 Ma以来海陆环境演变的元素地球化学记录

通过对南黄海西部陆架CSDP-1孔晚上新世-第四纪地层中的地球化学元素S、Sr和Ba的测试,结合该钻孔已发表的岩性、磁性地层和微体古生物等资料,综合分析发现：CSDP-1孔元素S、Sr、Ba质量分数及比值Sr/Ba在不同沉积相中的分布变化特征与研究区海陆沉积环境的变化密切相关,体现了S和Sr/Ba值的亲海相特性。S元素的高值主要出现在海相沉积环境中,对应了本区3.50 Ma以来的海侵事件,可以指示本钻孔海陆环境。Sr/Ba值在U2沉积单元（1.66~0.83 Ma）的高值与海侵无关,认为主要是物质来源改变导致的沉积矿物组成发生变化所控制,而在U1沉积单元（0.83 Ma以来）Sr/Ba值能指示海陆环境的变化,表明0.83 Ma以来海侵成为Sr/Ba值的主控因素。     

西藏改则上三叠统日干配错组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及沉积环境意义

西藏改则上三叠统日干配错组发育了一套厚度较大的碳酸盐岩台地相沉积。利用研究区内39件碳酸盐岩样品的常量元素和微量元素相关关系、组分含量及特征元素的比值特征,来探讨元素地球化学特征与沉积环境的关系。研究表明,1Mn/Sr值均小于1,平均值为0.28,表明碳酸盐岩基本没有受到成岩作用的影响;2Al2O3、K2O和Fe2O3呈正相关关系,它们与Ga O呈负相关关系,与Ni、V呈正相关关系;Fe2O3与Mn、Ba、Ni呈正相关关系;3Sr、V、Ba、Mn含量从浅水到深水环境总体呈增加趋势;4根据Sr、K、Na、Ca含量、Sr/Ba、V/(V+Ni)值特征分析了日干配错组沉积期的古气候和古环境。结果显示,日干配错组总体上为温暖潮湿气候下的陆表海还原沉积环境,显现出海侵的趋势。     

准噶尔盆地东南缘芦草沟组油页岩元素地球化学特征及沉积环境指示意义

本文通过XRF和ICP-MS测试方法对油页岩样品进行测试,根据常量元素和微量元素特征、组分含量及某些元素的比值,探讨了研究区油页岩样品的地球化学特征,进一步阐述了其沉积环境的指示意义.结果表明,P和B元素强烈富集,相当硼及古盐度值都表明属于半咸水沉积环境,B/Ga、Sr/Ba值也说明受到海水影响或间歇性受海水影响,沉积环境以半咸水湖泊为主;Fe2+/Fe3+、V/(V+Ni)、V/Ni、Cu/Zn、Ni/Co和U/Th值及Ni的含量说明沉积环境为咸化的弱还原—还原环境;Mn/Fe和Mn/Ti值也较小,反映近岸的沉积环境;Sr/Cu表明主力油页岩形成时期处于温湿—干热气候.总体上反映出,研究区油页岩的沉积介质环境的显著特征是半咸水状态的弱还原—还原环境.     

滇东北镇雄西部栖霞—茅口组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及环境意义

镇雄县安家坝一带中二叠统栖霞组-茅口组地层出露较好,沉积连续。以此剖面为基础,连续采集碳酸盐岩样品42个,根据其显微特征、元素相关性、元素组份含量及相关元素的比值特征,探讨了研究区碳酸盐岩沉积地球化学特征与古环境意义。研究表明(1)样品中CaO与SiO_2、MgO呈现出比较明显的负相关关系,且后两者在岩石中的含量很低,说明样品在沉积和成岩过程中受陆源物质影响或改造的程度较小。(2)通过对元素含量以及相关元素比值的垂向分布特征分析,如Sr/Ba、MgO/CaO和V/V+Ni等,对不同沉积阶段进行了古水深和古氧相等方面的研究,数据表明茅口组沉积环境相比栖霞组具有较明显的差异。     

鄂尔多斯盆地纸坊组微量元素地球化学特征及沉积环境指示意义

沉积岩中的微量元素对沉积环境的水介质变化有着较高的敏感度,是研究沉积物沉积时的古气候、古环境的有效手段。鄂尔多斯盆地纸坊组是三叠系具有油气显示的新层系,其古气候及古水体环境对于恢复该时期盆地沉积格局、重建古地理及成藏研究具有重要意义。采用ICP-MS对鄂尔多斯盆地纸坊组剖面及岩芯21件泥岩及粉砂岩样品进行了微量元素测试,选择对沉积环境介质较为敏感的锶（Sr）、钡（Ba）、钍（Th）、铀（U）、钒（V）、镍（Ni）、钴（Co）等元素作为判别指标,并结合沉积学标志及孢粉分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地纸坊组沉积环境及古气候特征进行研究。结果表明:通过Li、Sr、Ni、Ga含量及Sr/Ba值判别研究区为淡水-微咸水沉积环境;U/Th值分布在0.09~0.38,δU值分布在0.43~1.07,V/（V+Ni）值分布在0.69~0.89,V/Cr值分布在0.87~5.57、Ni/Co值分布在1.21~2.93,指示水体分层不强的氧化-弱还原过渡环境;纸坊组水体深度平均深度小于30 m,大型"汇水"湖泊尚未形成;Sr/Cu比值在0.85~16.7之间,大部分小于10,仅个别值大于10,表明纸坊组古气候已由和尚沟组干热气候趋于温暖气候。     

抚顺盆地始新统计军屯组微量元素特征及油页岩的有利成矿条件

通过剖面上样品的无机地球化学元素分析,对始新统计军屯组微量元素特征进行了研究,并据此探讨了计军屯组油页岩的有利成矿条件。计军屯组贫矿段和富矿段Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Sr/Ba、B/Ga的平均值分别为2.30、0.63、0.20、1.07和3.41、0.43、0.34、1.50,结合元素Rb、Sr、Cu、Ba、Ga、B的质量分数,揭示了计军屯组形成于温暖湿润气候和淡水沉积环境;西露天组Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Sr/Ba、B/Ga的平均值分别为24.63、0.14、1.25、3.90,结合元素Rb、Sr、Cu、Ba、Ga、B的质量分数,揭示了西露天组形成于干旱炎热气候和半咸水—咸水环境。古气候和古盐度的元素地球化学参数Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba的相关关系以及西露天组碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素的相关关系,指示了研究区计军屯组富矿段和西露天组沉积时古气候是湖泊古盐度的主要控制因素,并且古湖泊较为封闭。研究区计军屯组高品质油页岩形成于温暖湿润气候和淡水沉积环境。温暖湿润气候和封闭型古湖泊可能是形成研究区高品位油页岩的有利条件。     

基于微量元素比值分析方法研究川东南地区小河坝组沉积环境和古气候环境

川东南地区下志留统小河坝组砂岩具有较好的生储盖组合条件,油气地质条件优越,但对其沉积环境为陆相还是海相沉积三角洲的厘定尚不明确。本文针对川东南地区小河坝组亟需解决的沉积环境问题,系统采集了该地区9条典型剖面的74个样品,通过微量元素比值分析方法分析其元素组成,并结合沉积构造特征分析其沉积环境及古气候环境。利用X射线荧光光谱法测试了能判别海陆相沉积环境的Sr、Ba、Mn、Cu等微量元素。结果显示,Sr/Ba平均值为0.2790,最大值为2.31,Mn/Fe值为0.0093~0.0778,Sr/Ca值为0.0005~0.0414,表现为三角洲淡水沉积特征;Sr/Ba平均值小于1,Sr/Cu平均值为4.8758,8.1%样品的Sr/Cu值大于10,总体上反映了小河坝组沉积环境为温润潮湿的古气候环境。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861