九连环中生物碱的提取工艺研究

在生物碱的研究现状和提取工艺基础上,以产自陕西省周至县的九连环全草为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,得出了其生物碱的最佳提取分离条件：乙醇为提取溶剂,提取时间60min,提取次数2次,料液比1：7,萃取溶剂氯仿,萃取pH10,萃取次数3次。利用该提取工艺参数提取总生物碱,用分光光度法对提取产物进行含量测定,总生物碱的提取率为6.8%。     

重楼中薯蓣皂甙元提取方法的比较研究

以云南重楼为实验材料采用正交实验设计方法,对从重楼中提取薯蓣皂甙元的方法--直接提取法、改进酸水解法、加酶水解法、微波加热水解法的工艺条件进行了优化,对比了选定最佳条件下不同提取方法的提取效果.实验结果表明:在实验室务件下.直接提取法中采用无水甲醇为溶剂,最优实验条件为:样品粒度20-40 目、温度80 ℃、提取时间6 h时提取率最高,微波其次.通过对比各种提取方法,对制定从重棱中提取薯蓣皂甙元的工艺具有参考价值.     

吸附电提取技术野外实验研究

吸附电提取是我国独创的对隐伏金属矿床和贵金属矿床普查找矿的重要技术方法。本研究利用对Au3 + 具有极强的吸附能力的活化高密聚醚型聚氨脂泡塑制成的石墨电极在山东省五莲县七宝山金矿进行吸附电提取野外实验研究。实验表明 ,本区吸附电提取背景值为33.39ng ,最高异常值达18280ng ,最大异常的平均值为3406ng ,最高富集系数为547 ,平均富集系数为102 ,用常规原子吸收光谱分析就能满足要求。本技术方法是隐伏矿床普查找矿的有效技术方法之一。     

从高铝粉煤灰中提取非晶态SiO2的实验研究

为了有效提高高铝粉煤灰的Al/Si比,为提取氧化铝奠定基础,研究了用NaOH从高铝粉煤灰中提取非晶态SiO2的最佳工艺条件,并对提硅反应的机理进行了探讨。首先根据高铝粉煤灰的化学与物相组成特点,确立了利用NaOH提取非晶态SiO2的基本技术路线;然后用正交实验法确定了提硅的最佳条件:NaOH的浓度25%,灰碱质量比1∶0.5,反应温度95℃,反应时间4 h。经最佳条件反应之后,SiO2的提取率达到了41.8%,灰中Al2O3的含量由48.5%增加到了57.38%,Al2O3/SiO2质量比由1.29提高到了2.39。     

高砷金矿石提金工艺研究

针对含砷高的金矿石中的金不能直接用氰化法提取,本文通过实验建立了浮选工艺流程,精矿产率约5％,而精矿中金的回收率大于85％;建立了精矿除砷工艺流程,能够把砷全部回收,无环境污染;应用了较先进的硫脲提金工艺,具有无毒的特点,废液经过中和可以直接灌溉农田。该工艺的研究和设计解决了社会生产上的疑难问题,具有较好的参考价值。     

加速溶剂萃取技术提取海洋沉积物中游离态脂肪酸的方法研究

脂肪酸是沉积物中含量最丰富的脂类标记物之一,其存在形式主要有游离态脂肪酸和结合态脂肪酸。游离态脂肪酸可由溶剂直接提取,结合态脂肪酸是在已提取出游离态脂肪酸的沉积物残渣中加入酸碱加热后再用溶剂提取。加速溶剂萃取技术(ASE)因成本低和操作毒性小,在脂肪酸研究中得到了广泛的应用。本文采集东海近海海域沉积物作为研究样本,由于其中游离态脂肪酸含量丰富,而结合态脂肪酸含量过低,测定结果精密度差,难以作为方法研究对象,因此主要针对游离态脂肪酸应用加速溶剂萃取法进行提取,研究了各种实验条件,包括萃取剂、萃取温度、静态萃取时间和循环次数的选择与优化。分析结果表明,甲醇-二氯甲烷(V:V,1:3)更适合作为萃取剂;随着萃取温度、静态萃取时间、循环次数的增加,不同类型脂肪酸的提取效率各不相同,以涵盖碳原子数最多为先决条件,以脂肪酸的萃取效率最大化为依据,确定了加速溶剂萃取的实验条件是:萃取温度110℃,静态提取时间10 min,循环3次。用这种处理方法5次测定沉积物样品中游离态脂肪酸的精密度为3.3%~19.0%,其替代物回收率为72.2%~104.6%。该方法应用于分析实际海洋沉积物样品,相比于传统的索氏提取法,流程简单,极大地提高了工作效率。     

土壤中六价铬提取方法试验研究

选用KH2PO4、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、KCl4种盐溶液作为提取剂,以电磁搅拌器、超声波振荡器两种提取方法,开展了土壤中六价铬提取方法试验研究.试验结果表明,4种提取剂提取效果由高到低依次为,KCl＞NaHCO3＞Na2CO3＞KH2PO4.用电磁搅拌器搅拌比用超声波振荡器振荡提取效果好.因此,使用0.4mol/L的KCl提取液,电磁搅拌器搅拌提取土壤中六价铬的效果最好,土壤中六价铬含量大于10mg/kg时,提取率可达80%以上.     

含中草药黄芩有效成分的美白防晒日霜的研制

用回流法提取出中革药黄芩的有效成分,并用红外光谱进行鉴定,将其添加到美白防晒日霜中,配制水包油型的膏霜类高级化妆品.考察了防腐荆、三乙醇胺、乳化剂1802的添加量对产品的影响以及搅拌速度、乳化温度对乳化效果的影响.实验结果表明,检测其理化指标、感官指标及卫生指标,均符合国家标准.当防腐剂的添加量为0.2%.三乙醇胺的添加量为0.5%,乳化剂1802的添加量为1.5%,搅拌速度为1 000 r/min,乳化温度为75～80℃时乳化效最好.此类美白防晒日霜具有天然、防晒、美白、营养的功效,具有一定的推广价值.     

中药(吊篮式循环提取+MVR浓缩)技术对产品质量的影响研究

为了研究中药(吊篮式循环提取+MVR浓缩)技术对产品质量的影响,从药材转移率、有效成分含量、得率等方面,将中药(吊篮式循环提取+MVR浓缩)技术与传统提取+双效浓缩技术进行了试验对比.试验结果表明,运用中药(吊篮式循环提取+MVR浓缩)技术能显著提高产品质量.     

土壤活性组分提取剂的研制及初步试验结果

土壤的活性组分能够反映土壤实际污染状况及对环境的危害,选择适当的土壤浸提剂是准确评价土壤活性组分的关键技术,已有的提取剂局限于不同元素和不同土壤类型,提取步骤繁琐,实验周期长,重现性不高。本文研制了一种提取土壤中活性组分的新型提取剂——AIE,提取剂组成为0.25 mol/L醋酸-0.25 mol/L醋酸铵-0.005 mol/L DTPA-0.2%对苯二酚混合溶液。国家标准物质提取实验表明,AIE提取剂能够有效提取土壤中多种元素的活性组分(有效态磷、有效态钾、有效态锰、有效态铜),具有很好的通用性。AIE提取剂与三种通用提取剂(Mehlich 3、AB-DTPA、盐酸)的实验比较表明,AIE对作物营养组分盐基离子(K、Na、Ca、Mg)的提取效果高于AB-DTPA和盐酸,与Mehlich 3的提取量变化规律基本一致;对Fe、Mn、P和重金属元素的提取值70%高于或相当于其他三种提取剂。应用AIE提取土壤的活性组分,适用于提取作物营养组分和重金属元素,既可提取有效态又可提取缓效态,且样品无需针对不同元素做分别处理,多种元素提取方法一致,比已有的提取剂实验周期缩短3~5倍,有利于大批量样品的分析测试;AIE实际应用的重现性较好,大多数元素提取量的相对标准偏差低于8%;AIE的缓冲能力强,提取液的pH值升高幅度(0.07~0.9)均未超过缓冲溶液的缓冲范围,可同时适用于酸性和碱性土壤。总体上AIE通用性优于Mehlich 3和AB-DTPA提取剂,是已有提取分析方法的补充和完善。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861