川西地区中二叠统—中三叠统古生态研究

研究区内二叠系—三叠系生物化石较丰富,门类有腕足类、蜓类、珊瑚、菊石、牙形石、双壳类及有孔虫等。这些生物门类明显受沉积环境控制。对研究区内中二叠统—中三叠统的古生物化石进行了详细的分析和埋藏特征研究,根据生物化石在时间与空间上的组合特征,将研究区中二叠统—中三叠统生物群划分为17个生物群落,并论述了各群落的组成、结构和环境特征。研究表明,不同生态类型的群落其分布的地理位置有一定差异,主要体现在以下2个大的区块,即分别分布于研究区的主体区块和其边缘区块,前者以底栖固着型为特征,后者以游泳型及底栖游移型为特征。根据化石群落与沉积特征的组合情况,识别出6种类型的生物相,并总结了其生物相模式,阐述了各生物相中的生物类别、生态类型、典型群落以及对应的沉积相等特征。化石群落的划分和分析对于四川盆地二叠纪—三叠纪的古环境、古地理及其演化的研究具有一定的意义,生物相的研究对于研究区古生物地理学和古板块构造的恢复具有一定的意义。     

下扬子地区中二叠世上升流相区古生态学研究

首次对下扬子地区中二叠世上升流相区古生态特征进行了研究。将栖霞组划分为5个沉积期,并划分了栖霞组各沉积期和茅口期的生物群落,其中本部灰岩段和顶部灰岩段沉积期群落分异较为明显,并阐述了各群落的组成、结构和生态环境。根据群落的组合特征和沉积学特征,在研究区识别出两种生物相类型,即陆棚缓坡底栖型生物相和陆棚盆地浮游型生物相,并论述了生物相与上升流强度之间的关系。最后,分析了上升流对生物古生态特征的控制作用,认为,上升流的发育强度和生物群落的丰度成正相关,而与分异度多成反相关。     

贵州镇宁地区早—中三叠世地层特征及沉积环境变迁

镇宁地区早—中三叠世地层发育良好,相变明显,是贵州三叠纪"S"型相变带的组成部分之一。地层序列中各组(段)的岩石组合与沉积相为:大冶组主要由薄层灰岩夹少量砾屑灰岩组成,主体为缓斜坡相沉积;安顺组主要为一套白云岩,为局限台地—台地边缘滩(丘)相沉积;罗楼组与青岩组主要为一套薄层灰岩夹厚层砾屑灰岩,为斜坡相沉积;关岭组、花溪组及杨柳井组主要由白云岩与灰岩组成,为一套局限台地相沉积;垄头组主要由厚块状灰岩、角砾灰岩及少量白云岩组成,下部主要为台地边缘滩相沉积,上部为斜坡垮塌堆积与台缘滩相沉积的交互;边阳组主要为一套砂泥岩组合,代表了盆地相浊流沉积。早—中三叠世各时期的环境变迁颇具特色。印度期总体为缓斜坡环境;奥伦期古地形发生分异,出现了台地—斜坡的新沉积格局,且斜坡坡度变大;安尼期古地形分异更加明显,台缘向前迁移,但沉积格局未发生大的变化,唯斜坡坡度进一步增大;拉丁期台缘向后迁移,出现了较完整的台—坡—盆新格局。     

东昆仑早—中二叠世生物礁建造特征

本文从造礁群落演替、层序地层和海平面升降等方面,结合大地构造引起基底沉降的证据,论述了东昆仑早—中二叠世生物礁的建造特征。东昆仑生物礁中包含6种造礁群落,各群落生物组成和结构与环境因素密切相关,4个生物礁发育阶段中群落演替关系显著。礁相地层中可识别SB_1层序界面1个和SB_2界面4个,可划分出5个三级层序。层序的沉积相序显示清晰,按曲线形态将海平面升降归为4个周期。据区域地层和相分布资料反映的古地理环境变迁,推论出石炭纪至早—中二叠世造礁期柴达木地块与羌塘地块间聚合离散的4个构造期。东昆仑生物礁的生长发育与造礁群落的演化阶段、海平面升降周期和大地构造期彼此吻合,证明生物礁建造与各控制因素间具密切制约关系。海西中—晚期柴达木地块与羌塘地块的开—合转换,为生物大规模造礁创造了长期稳定的环境。     

贵州遵义地区早—中三叠世双壳类生物地层研究

遵义地区位于扬子板块上扬子台地中部,下、中三叠统发育良好,夜郎组、茅草铺组、松子坎组及狮子山组地层出露齐全。其中遵义巷口剖面是扬子台地区的经典下-中三叠统地层剖面之一,其产双壳类化石尤为丰富,是该沉积相区生物地层和生态系演化研究的关键剖面。迄今已发现双壳类15属55种(亚种)(本次研究鉴定出12属35种),多数属为世界性的分布类型,由下向上可划分出6个双壳类化石带:Pteriaussurica varibilis-Eumorphotis venetiana组合带,Claraiaconcentrica-Claraia wangi组合带,Eumorphotis multiformis顶峰带,Entolium discites microtis顶峰带,Myophoria(Costatoria)goldfussi mansuyi-Asoellaillyrica组合带和Plagiostoma radiata-Palaeoli ma subcostata组合带。其双壳类生态类群的演变与华南其他地区具有一致性。     

贵州青岩地区早-中三叠世生物地层

贵州青岩地区下-中三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,尤其是中三叠世“青岩动物群”,具有生物辐射性质.为了研究二叠纪末生物大灭绝事件后的生物复苏及辐射过程,对该区下、中三叠统剖面进行了实测,并从沉积学、古生物学上进行了系统研究.识别出5个牙形石带:Neospathodus dieneri带、Neospathodus waageni带、Neospathodus pingdingshanensis带、Neospathodus homeri带、Chiosella timorensis带,建立2个有孔虫组合和6个双壳类组合.并根据牙形石化石初步确定出印度阶与奥伦尼克阶及奥伦尼克阶与安尼阶的界线.多门类化石的分布和生态组合结构表明,大灭绝后的复苏-辐射第一幕发生于安尼期早期,安尼期中期雷打坡页岩段的化石组合具有典型辐射后期的生态繁荣景象.古环境研究表明,本区从三叠纪初到中三叠世安尼期沉积水体总体上震荡式变浅,表现为盆地-陆棚-台缘斜坡-台地-盆地-台缘斜坡-陆棚的演变过程.      

川西北部地区中二叠统茅口组岩溶储层特征研究

川西地区中二叠统茅口组在多个构造获得突破,但前期受勘探程度及资料限制,对茅口组储层研究相对较少,这制约了下一步勘探工作,因此开展川西北部茅口组储层特征研究是有必要的。基于此,本文根据钻井、化验分析、地震等资料,结合动静态资料重新评价茅口组储集类型,取得了以下三点认识:①川西北部地区中二叠统茅口组储集岩类主要为亮晶生物(屑)灰岩、粒屑灰岩、含生屑泥晶灰岩、白云岩、白云质(豹斑)灰岩。具有孔、洞、缝等多种储集空间,它们在空间上相互有机搭配形成了孔洞缝相结合的储渗空间。②川西北部茅口组气藏并不只是单一的裂缝性气藏,应以裂缝—孔洞型气藏为主,只有找准缝洞系统发育区,才能获得较好储量规模及勘探开发效果。③有利滩相是储层发育的基础,受岩溶作用改造后的有利地貌区是控制储层分布的主要因素。     

新疆博格达地区中二叠世—早三叠世构造-气候-沉积演化及耦合机制

博格达地区的盆山关系演化、博格达山初始隆升时间、构造-气候-沉积耦合机制等前沿科学问题一直是国内外研究的热点,也一直困扰和制约准噶尔盆地东南缘的油气勘探开发进程.基于博格达山北缘野外露头和阜康凹陷、吉木萨尔凹陷的岩心、地震及钻测井资料,综合运用沉积学、地球化学等多种方法,阐明了博格达地区中二叠统—下三叠统展布及沉积相特...     

华南地区奥陶纪头足类生物相及其分区

在研究华南地区奥陶纪头足类生态特征基础上,根据头足类的生态类型及其保存条件等特征,识别出18个头足类生物相,即开阔台地[WT5”BX]Proterocameroceras生物相,局限台地Pseudoectenolites-Xiadongoceras生物相,开阔台地Retroclitendoceras-Pararetrocli tendoceras生物相,开阔台地Pronajaceras-Mamagouceras生物相,陆棚斜坡—盆地Cyclostomiceras-Bactroceras生物相,开阔台地 Cameroceras-Cyrtovaginoceras生物相,开阔台地 Coreanoceras-Manchuroceras生物相,陆棚斜坡—盆地Kaipingoceras-Kyminoceras生物相,内陆棚Bathmoceras-Protocycloceras生物相,中部陆棚Dideroceras-Ancistroceras生物相,深水陆棚 Lituites-Cyclolituites 生物相,滞流盆地Lituites-Trilacinoceras生物相,深水盆地Paraendoceras-Sactorthoceras,深水陆棚Sinoceras-Michelinoceras-Disoceras生物相,深水陆棚Beloitoceras-Jiangshanoceras生物相,深水陆棚—盆地Eurasiaticoceras生物相,浅海陆棚—斜坡Jiangxiceras-Yushanoceras生物相,深水盆地Michelinoceras[WT5”BZ]生物相,并阐述各生物相的组成、生态特征及其生态环境。根据头足类生物相在时间和空间上的组合规律,划分出3个头足类生物相区,即扬子生物相区、黔东—湘西生物相区（过渡型生物相区）和湘中—浙西生物相区,并讨论了各生物相区在不同时期内头足类生态类型和生物相分异特征、海平面升降、环境演变特征以及其与油气的关系。认为在低海平面或海平面下降阶段中生物相分异明显,而在高海平面阶段中则分异较小。     

Research on Biofacies their Provincialization of Middle Permian-MiddleTriassic in the western Sichuan Basin

The research area is located in the western part of Sichuan basin as a Yangtze ecotope of Cathaysian Tethyan area. It is dominated by benthic fauna, including brachiopods, Fusulinids, corals, bivalves, foraminifers, ammonites, bryozoans, Crinoids and pleopods are less common with traces of trilobites, stromatoporas, nautilus and sporopollens seen in one or two areas,which are obviously controlled by sedimentary environments in accordance with sedimentary facies. On the basis of division and research of biological communities and according to the combination of communities with sedimentary characteristics, six kinds of biofacies have been recognized and described in the study area,i.e. benthic biofacies of restricted platform, benthic biofacies of open platform, benthic biofacies of inner gentle slope, benthic biofacies of outer gentle slope, benthic biofacies of shelf slope and swimming biofacies of deep-water basin. Based on the study of middle Permian to middle Triassic biofacies,biofacies pattern are established, category, ecotype, typical community, sedimentary facies and oil bearing of each biofacies are elucidated in this paper. According to the association law of biofacies in time and space, the ahthors think that there are three biofacies provinces in the study area, i.e., platform biofacies province, slope biofacies province and basin biofacies province.The distribution characteristics of bioface types indicates that the platform-type and ramp-type biofacies are mainly distributed in the subject of the study area. It indicates that their distribution are mainly controlled by Yangtze platform. But the bioface of deep water basin type biofacies and basin biofacies province are mainly distributed at the edge of study area, indicating that they are mainly controlled by the Longmen trough. The study of biofacies and their provincialization of Middle Permain-Middle Triassic in the Western Sichuan Basin is a reference for the reconstruction of paleogeography and paleo-plate.Therefore, the research is meaningful for the analysis of paleogeography, tectonics and their evoulution of the Sichuan Basin.     

Research on Paleoecology of Middle Permian-Middle Triassic in the Western Sichuan Basin

The research area is located in the western part of Sichuan basin as a Yangtze ecotope of Cathaysian Tethyan area. It is dominated by benthic fauna, including brachiopods, Fusulinids, corals, bivalves, foraminifers, ammonites, bryozoans,Crinoids and pleopods which are less common with traces of trilobites, stromatoporas, nautilus and sporopollens seen in one or two areas,which are obviously controlled by sedimentary environments and in accordance with sedimentary facies.Through the analysis of fossils and research on burial characteristics from middle Permian middleTriassic, based on the combination of the feature of fossils in time and space, seventeen communities are recognized, the coposition, construction and palaeoenvironment of each community are expounded. Study shows that different ecological type biocoenose are distributed in different locations, which are mainly represented by sessile benthic community in the main research area, composed of Mianzhu, Mianyang, Deyang and Santai and nektonic community in marginal areas in the research area subdivided into two parts: Areas around Guangyuan-Nanjiang-Tongjiang, located at the margins in the northeast of the research area, and areas around Wenchuan-Maoxian-Dayidafeishui situated at the western borders of the research area. According to the combination of communities with sedimentary characteristics,six kinds of biofacies have been recognized and described in the study area and biofacies pattern are established. Category,ecotype, typical community and sedimentary facies of each biofacies are elucidated in this paper. The subdivision and analysis of community are meaningful for the studies of paleoenvironment ,paleogeography and their evolutions,The research of biaofacies is important for the recovery of paleobiogeography and paleoplate tectonic characteristics.     

四川盆地西部中三叠统储层特征与类型

主要通过中46井、青林1井、川科1井、龙深1井等的钻井岩心、岩石薄片、岩石样品地球化学的分析测试,并结合四川盆地西部地区中三叠统雷口坡组钻井、录井、测井资料,对川西雷口坡组储层的储集岩性、储集空间、物性特征等进行了详细研究,进而对储层类型进行了划分,并指出7影响其发育的主要控制因素,以期对川西雷口坡组的勘探提供理论基础,明确勘探方向.研究区中三叠统储层主要发育层位为雷三段,储集岩性主要为(藻)砂屑白云岩、残余砂屑白云岩和藻团块白云岩等各类颗粒白云岩和藻黏结白云岩,储集空间以各类次生溶蚀孔隙为主(如粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔),属于中孔中低渗和中孔高渗的孔隙型和裂缝—孔隙型储层.储层可划分为3种类型:(礁)滩相白云岩型储层、风化壳岩溶型储层和热液白云岩型储层,其形成发育受沉积作用、成岩作用和构造作用(抬升和断裂活动)的明显影响和控制.     

川西前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组成岩相研究

通过成岩分析,将川西前陆盆地须家河组储层分为压实-压溶成岩相、碳酸岩胶结交代成岩相、粘土矿物（伊利石）胶结交代成岩相、绿泥石环边胶结成岩相、不稳定组分溶蚀成岩相和破碎裂缝成岩相、石英次生加大成岩相、有机质充填成岩相等8种单因素成岩相,并从构造、沉积和成岩作用三类储层要素入手分析其成因及展布,在此基础上划分出须家河组综合成岩相。冲断带发育的压实-破碎-硅质胶结成岩相、近前渊三角洲相砂体中发育强压实-溶蚀-绿泥石衬边胶结成岩相和前隆带三角洲相中发育的中压实-溶蚀-绿泥石衬边胶结相均可形成较好的储层。     

四川盆地西北部中三叠世雷口坡期岩相古地理

四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组发育有蒸发台地、局限台地和开阔台地3种沉积亚相,其中局限台地是主要的沉积亚相。雷口坡一至五期沉积环境经历了水体逐渐加深※变浅※加深的过程:一期,在广元-旺苍、梓潼-三台等地区发育了蒸发台地沉积,且梓潼地区膏湖分布范围较广;二期,蒸发台地范围缩小,仅发育于旺苍和梓潼地区,其它地区为局限台地沉积;三期,水体加深,旺苍地区为开阔台地沉积,梓潼地区已无膏湖沉积;四期,主体为局限台地沉积,梓潼地区膏盆沉积再次发育;五期演变为开阔台地沉积,水体又加深。海平面升降变化是控制沉积相发育和空间分布的重要因素。     

四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组有利沉积相带及岩相古地理特征

依据四川盆地古地理背景和古气候条件,结合中三叠统雷口坡组野外剖面、岩心和薄片的观察以及单井和连井沉积相等的分析认为,盆地周边水下隆起的障壁作用和干旱炎热气候条件共同影响雷口坡组的沉积相特征,海平面升降变化是控制沉积相发育和空间分布的重要因素。雷口坡组总体为一套障壁蒸发潟湖沉积,可分潟湖边缘坪、潟湖、潮坪和台缘障壁四种沉积亚相类型,并可进一步划分出多种微相。台缘障壁亚相潟湖边缘白云岩坪和颗粒浅滩是有利的沉积相带。雷口坡组可划分出SQ1—SQ4四个层序。绘制了雷口坡期各时段体系域的岩相古地理图,并分析了它们的岩相古地理特征。     

川中—川南地区上三叠统沉积相研究

综合分析岩心、露头剖面和测井资料,认为川中—川南地区上三叠统发育三角洲相和湖泊相,其中,三角洲相可进一步划分为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲三个亚相,湖泊相则可细分为滨湖和浅湖两个亚相。不同时期三角洲相和湖泊相发育程度不同。须一段、须三段、须五段和须六段以湖泊沉积为主,由东向西,水体逐渐加深。须二段和须四段以三角洲沉积为主,湖泊沉积分布范围较小。须二段发育时期,研究区北部构造活动强烈,沉积物供给充分,三角洲相主要由北向南延伸;须四段沉积时期,由于北部构造活动逐渐减弱,东南部沉积物供给增加,三角洲相主要由东南向西北方向延伸。随着周缘构造活动的变化,研究区沉积范围逐渐扩大。早期沉积范围仅局限于宜宾—泸州以北地区,中晚期沉积范围扩大,宜宾—泸州以南地区开始接收沉积。     

蜀南地区下三叠统飞仙关组沉积相

蜀南地区飞仙关组的沉积相类型主要有浑水陆棚相与清水陆棚相,东部两者交替发育,中西部则主要为浑水陆棚相。浑水陆棚相以半局限海亚相为主,包括三个微相;清水陆棚相可分为颗粒滩、滩间、潮坪和内缘斜坡等四个亚相,包括若干微相。飞一段全区为清水陆棚相;飞二段全区均为浑水陆棚亚相的泥质半局限海微相;飞三段,西部为浑水陆棚相,东部为清水陆棚相,其间发育灰泥质半局限海微相;飞四段基本为泥质半局限海微相。飞一时,区内中部有一近南北向的台内凹槽,沿凹槽边缘鲕粒滩较发育。研究区以西的康滇古陆和龙门山岛链与华蓥山断裂带控制着区内沉积相展布,当康滇古陆和龙门山岛链构造活跃时全区发育浑水陆棚,华蓥山断裂带活动时东部发育清水陆棚;当康滇古陆、龙门山岛链与华蓥山断裂带构造的活动性都较低时,全区以清水陆棚为主。     

四川盆地东南部早三叠世地震事件沉积及其地质意义

四川盆地南部及东南部下三叠统飞仙关组和嘉陵江组中常发育有一系列宏观及微观的软沉积物变形、震积角砾岩块、板状砾屑、层内微断层等特殊的地震成因沉积构造。飞仙关组震积岩在重庆北碚白庙子剖面飞仙关组第一、二段中产出,嘉陵江组震积岩产于四川叙永龙洞湾嘉陵江组第二段及四川兴文、贵州习水等地的相同层位中,其沉积序列明显,反映了古地震从开始至平静的全过程。作者认为,早三叠世时,上扬子板块西缘以川西义敦弧的演化为代表的三江构造带活动强烈,可能与四川盆地早三叠世震积岩的形成有联系,随着三江构造带板块碰撞、洋壳俯冲消减,能在较大区域内引发地震活动、火山喷发。     

Intracontinental Collisional Orogeny During Late Permian-Middle Triassic in South China: Sedimentary Records of the Shiwandashan Basin

Sedimentary response to an orogenic process is important for determining whether South China had compressional or extensional orogeny during the period from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic besides the tectonic and magmatologic evidence. An intracontinental collision event took place between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Late Permian. Beginning at the Late Triassic, the tectonic movement was completely changed in nature and entered a post-collisional extensional orogenic and basin-making process. This paper presents sedimentological evidence from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic in the Shiwandashan basin at the southwestern end of the junction zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks.