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Deep Processes of Basin Evolution:A Case Study of the Southern Songliao Basin and Adjacent Area,NE China in Mesozoic-Cenozoic

In south of the Songliao Basin and adjacent area of NE China, there are several high conductive layers in crust and upper mantle. Those layers are interpreted as detachment and rheology, which represent some features of lithosphere, asthenosphere and Moho, and related to the crust-mantle structure of the continent in the study area. The differences of the crust-mantle structures in different places in the study area reflect the differences in the movement and evolution of asthenosphere, lithosphere and crust. The differences can be summarized as follows. (1) Along the south profile of MT, the buried depth of the surface of Moho is 31 ～34 km beneath the Liaohe Basin and 35～37 km beneath the west Liaoning area. Along the north profile of MT, the buried depth of Moho is 32～33 km beneath Changtu area and 36～37 km beneath Kailu area in southern Songliao Basin. The buried depth beneath the central of the Songliao Basin is 29 km.(2) The difference of thickness of lithosphere exists in the south area and the north area of Chifeng-Kaiyuan fault. The thickness of lithosphere is about 65～120 km in the south of the fault, thickening from east to west. The top surface of asthenosphere is highly uplifted in the Liaohe Basin and the highest point is about 65 km in buried depth. The thickness of lithosphere in the north of the fault is about 60～65 km, thinner about 25 km than that in the south of the fault (West Liaoning). Deep processes such as upwelling of mantle thermal flow, extension of lithosphere, underplating, and thinning and subsidence of crust, evidenced from the crust-mantle structures were the direct forces of the basin formation in the study area during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic.     

青藏高原东南缘壳幔力学耦合及其动力学意义

现代大陆动力学及构造学研究认为,壳内软弱带控制着地壳与地幔间相互作用的强弱,制约岩石圈层间的耦合关系,同时也影响地块的相互作用方式。这种耦合作用可以通过比较不同深度的形变和应力的相关特征来分析。青藏高原东南缘20～35 km的深度广泛存在低速带,有可能在现今地震及构造活动区内由壳内部分熔融承担了潜在的解耦功能。基于1999～2015年GPS坐标时间序列数据得到速度场,结合前人给出的SKS剪切波分裂数据,分析该区水平方向形变耦合特征;同时搜集莫霍面和岩石圈底面形变数据,给出垂向上的形变耦合特征。利用EGM2008重力模型的11～36阶球谐系数计算青藏高原东南缘岩石圈底面地幔对流应力场;搜集并整理2000年至今的1 131个震源机制解数据,采用区域应力张量阻尼反演法得到该区多震层应力场;进一步分析两种应力场的相关性。在ABAQUS软件中建立青藏高原东南缘岩石圈三维粘弹性有限元模型,同时加入上地壳的边界位移约束条件和底面地幔对流拖曳力加载条件,分别对水平方向和垂直方向的应力应变作分析,并给出强震剖面结果,探讨壳幔耦合强震孕育机制,据此分析青藏高原东南缘各个断层的地震危险性。研究认为,应力的不均匀发展是应变能积累的关键,同时垂向上圈层间的耦合关系极大地影响块体间的作用方式;壳内软弱带广泛发育的块体应力出现分层现象,边缘区域横向纵向应力变化明显,与之接触的上伏地壳地震危险性较高。     

苍梧M_S5.4地震孕震环境的多尺度重力场分析及动力学意义

基于EGM2008研究苍梧震源区及华南块体不同尺度重力场的横向和纵向分布特征,探讨深部物质密度变化及可能的动力学意义,为该区地震孕育环境研究提供深部依据。扬子克拉通重力异常横向变化相对较小,显示出其相对稳定的克拉通结构特征;华夏地块上地幔存在与西太平洋板块俯冲角度较为一致的重力正异常和相间分布的重力负异常,其高低密度体分布可能与中生代以来西太平洋板块俯冲作用下岩石圈拆沉和软流圈物质上涌有关;扬子克拉通和华夏地块过渡带呈现显著的重力异常高梯度带和东西差异性特征,揭示了深部复杂构造变形的过渡带特征。本文研究区多尺度布格重力异常横向的复杂性和非均一性及在地壳和上地幔深浅差异性的重力异常特征,反映了研究区深浅物质结构和动力学不平衡的差异相互运动的动力学过程,可能是地震孕育的深部动力学环境。苍梧地震位于重力正负异常的过渡带,与深部物质扰动和密度分布的不均匀密切相关。     

陕西关中盆地地热资源及壳幔温度结构的地球物理分析

陕西关中盆地地下热水资源丰富,是中国典型的隐伏型中、低温地热资源分布区.为研究关中盆地中、低温地热系统形成机理,认识深部热源条件,利用地球物理方法分析了该区壳幔温度结构.结果表明:计算得到的居里面平均深度为25.0 km,莫霍面平均深度为36.6 km,地壳平均地温梯度为22.60℃·km-1,咸礼断阶、西安凹陷、固市...     

板块构造单元划分方法探讨——以青藏高原为例

作者认为板块构造单元划分应遵循4个基本原则,即系统原则、时空原则、层次原则,综合原则。在此基础上,提出岩石圈板块、地壳板段、构造沉积环境、板片构造(薄皮构造)四级划分方案。青藏高原岩石圈厚度120—170km,地壳厚度大密度低,上地幔厚度小密度大,莫霍面呈一“盆地”状。上地壳厚15—30km;壳内低速层厚5—10km,呈南浅北深产出;下地壳平均厚25km,藏北、青南有明显分层,藏南与固体上地幔成突变,缺少壳幔层。壳幔混合层,埋深50—65km,厚度13—21km。固体上地幔,平均厚度50—70km。本文将青藏高原划分为5个板块(一级单元),7个板段(二级单元),30个构造沉积环境(三级单元),着重对主要板块构造单元包容的主要板段特征进行了分析与研究,对秦祁昆板块构造域的范围与演化特征给予了分析。     

VARIATIONS IN CRUSTAL THICKNESS OF THE KANE TRANSFORM IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

A new approach was taken to investigate the crustal stucture of the Kane transform and its aseismic extension, using high quality bathymetry and gravity data. The gravity signatures associated with variations in crustal thickness of the transform were isolated from the observed free-air anomaly,was continued downward to the mean depth of the crust/mantle interface and converted on to the relief onthat surface. The crustal thickness of the transform was then calculated by subtracting seawater depth from the depth of the gravity-inferred crust/mantle interface. 3-D gravity investigation results indicate that the Kane transform and adjacent areas are associated with a crust thinner than normal oceanic crust. The transform trough is largely underlain by a crust less than 4.5kin thick and in the nodal basins the crust may be as thin as 3 kin. The crust beneath the fracture zone valley is 4 - 5.5 km thick. The rift valleys on the spreading segments are also characterized by thin crust (4 - 5 km thick). Thin oceanic crust extends to 20-30 km from the transform axis,except for some localized places such as the inside comerhighs adjoining the ridge-transform intersections. These gravity-inferred results match fairly well with limited published seismic results. Thinning of the crust is mainly attributable to a thin layer 3, which in turn may be explained by the combined effects of reduced magma supply at the ends of the spreading segments and tectonic activities in the region.     

张渤地震构造带中西段及邻区深部构造探测

利用穿过张渤地震构造带中西段及邻区的多条地震测深资料．详细研究了张渤地震构造带中西段及邻区的地壳深部速度结构与构造。结果表明,该区地壳深部速度结构与构造在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均一性。在三河-平谷8级震区、延庆-怀来盆地及张家口附近地区莫霍面埋深分别为35、39和42km,其地壳厚度由东至西逐渐增加。该区基底断裂发育。在其深部,根据地震波动力学及运动学特征和二维速度结构中的地震界面与速度等值线起伏变化推测,在大兴、延庆、涿鹿等地均存在深部断裂带,在深部断裂带一侧或两侧的上地壳存在6．0km／s左右的低速层（体）。     

南北构造带中段的壳幔结构与岩石圈动力学特征

本文利用WDM—89地球重力模型(完整到180阶)的位系数计算了南北构造带中段的30—50阶、50—100阶、100—150阶、150—180阶及2—180阶卫星重力异常,并探讨了该区的壳幔结构。结果表明,该区上地幔存在一个规模较大的低密度区。若尔盖和雅江一带有两个底部相连的高密度地幔块体。该区壳幔结构不但横向很不均匀,而且纵向也极为复杂。据此对区域岩石圈动力学特征进行了讨论。     

Ore-forming fluid characteristics and genesis of vein-type lead-zinc mineralization of Xiaohongshilazi deposit,Jilin Province,China

The Xiaohongshilazi mineral deposit in Jilin Province,China,is located in the accretion zone in the northern margin of the North China Block. The deposit contains two types of ore bodies: layered Pb-Zn ore bodies in volcanic rock and vein-hosted Pb-Zn ore bodies controlled by fractures. The vein Pb-Zn ore bodies are strictly controlled by tectonic fracture zones trending in S-N direction,which comprise sulfide veins or sulfidebearing quartz veins distributed along faults or structural fissures. The ores mainly appear mesh-vein and vein structures,and also show solid-solution separation and metasomatic textures. The metal minerals are mainly sphalerite,galena,and pyrite,etc. Wall-rock alteration includes mainly sericitization,chloritization,silicification and carbonatization,etc. Microscope observations and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the oreforming fluid of the vein Pb-Zn ore bodies was mainly magmatic water with low temperature,low salinity,and a shallow depth of metallogenesis( ~ 1.5 km). Sulfur and lead isotope analyses indicate that the sulfide source is mainly formation sulfur or biogenic sulfur,which is similar to the sulfur source of hydrothermal deposit( negative( δ~(34) S values),while the main Pb source was the upper crust with some mantle input. This article argues that the vein Pb-Zn ore body of the Xiaohongshilazi deposit is a low-to medium-temperature hydrothermal vein type related to the formation of a shallow magma chamber.     

弹性岩石层、区域重力异常和上地幔小尺度对流

在小尺度地幔对流模型的基础上 ,建立了顾及岩石层与地幔耦合的地幔对流模型。考虑到岩石层对上地幔小尺度对流的弹性响应 ,将上地幔视为一均匀的等粘滞系数的牛顿粘滞流体 ,其对流能量来源于下地幔 ,用热流体动力学基本方程得到的上地幔对流在壳幔边界处的垂向应力作为弹性板弯曲方程的垂直加载 ,来耦合弹性岩石层和可流动地幔。推导了两者耦合下区域重力异常和上地幔小尺度对流的相关方程 ,用以反演上地幔小尺度对流流场模式和岩石层底部拖曳力场格局。对比了有、无弹性岩石层影响的模型之间的差异 ,并对模型应用范围 ,特别是板块边界水平构造力可能产生的影响 ,作了进一步探讨。     

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沂沭断裂带及邻区双差层析成像

利用双差层析成像方法,选取2008-10～2017-12山东及周边区域182个地震台站记录的1190个近震观测资料,对沂沭断裂带及邻区的震源位置和三维速度结构进行联合反演.结果表明,沂沭断裂带内部介质速度结构具有明显的不均匀性,并呈现分段特性;在郯城和莒县中上地壳内存在明显的低速结构;胶南地块总体速度低于鲁西地块;鲁西...     

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大陆岩石圈强度研究

岩石圈强度或有效弹性厚度(Te)控制着岩石圈对长期负载的响应及其演化过程和空间构型,包含丰富的地球动力学信息,对解译地壳、岩石圈乃至地幔介质的力学性质和动力学过程及机理具有重要的科学意义。本文拟回顾从均衡概念的提出至今关于岩石圈强度研究的发展历程,重点从历史角度梳理岩石圈强度研究的沿革脉络、各种方法发展的逻辑关联,并对岩石圈强度与壳幔耦合、岩石圈有效弹性厚度与地震孕震层厚度的关系以及岩石圈有效弹性厚度各向异性等问题进行初步探讨。     

俄远东、中国东北的构造特点及岩石圈深部的不均一性

俄罗斯远东和中国东北前新生代可划分为８个大地构造单元。区域地质、深部地质、地球物理及新构造研究表明，地壳和地幔深部的不均一性反映了该区主要构造单元的深部构成和大地动力学等方面的特点。地热和地磁资料表明，远东地区软流层顶部具有起伏形态的特点，最大深度２００～２５０ｋｍ，浅部仅１００～１４０ｋｍ，松辽盆地７５～１００ｋｍ；在中国东北及亚太过渡带上地幔低速层厚度在０～１００ｋｍ之间变化，计算数据表明，本区地壳厚度为３０～４４ｋｍ，变化幅度为１４ｋｍ。     

Pb Isotope Compositions of Shibaqinghao Gold Deposit in Central Inner Mongolia, China

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Pb Isotope Compositions of Shibaqinghao Gold Deposit in Central Inner Mongolia, China

There are two types of gold ore in Shibaqinghao gold deposit, a mylonite ore and a quartz - vein ore. Pb isotope compositions for mylonite ore are characterized by lower Pb isotope ratios ranging from 16.63 to 17.45 (206Pb/204Pb), 15.31 to15.48 (207Pb/204pb), 36.52 to 38.85 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the mantle evolution. These ratios suggest that gold in the mylonite ore might be derived from the country rocks, which originated directly in the upper mantle. Pb isotope compositions for quartz - vein ore are characterized by higher Pb isotope ratios ranging from 18.23 to 19.74 (206Pb/204Pb), 15.69 to 15.89 (207Pb/204Pb), 38.64 to 40. 13 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the upper crustal evolution. These facts indicate that the gold in the quartz - vein ore might be related to some granitic magma generated in the crust.     

Pb Isotope Compositions of Shibaqinghao Gold Deposit in Central Inner Mongolia,China

There are two types of gold ore in Shibaqinghao gold deposit, a mylonite ore and a quartz - vein ore. Pb isotope compositions for mylonite ore are characterized by lower Pb isotope ratios ranging from 16. 63 to 17.45 (206Pb/204Pb) , 15. 31 tol5.48 (207Pb/204Pb) , 36.52 to38.85 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the mantle evolu-tion. These ratios suggest that gold in the mylonite ore might be derived from the country rocks, which originated directly in the upper mantle. Pb isotope compositions for quartz - vein ore are characterized by higher Pb isotope ratios ranging from 18.23 to 19.74 (206Pb/204Pb) , 15. 69 to 15. 89(207Pb/204Pb) , 38. 64 to 40. 13 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the upper crustal evolution. These facts indicate that the gold in the quartz - vein ore might be relat-ed to some granitic magma generated in the crust.     

利用卫星重力资料反演地壳及岩石圈厚度

地球外部重力场由地球内部物质分布所决定,由于地壳与地幔、岩石圈与软流圈存在着较大的物性差异,利用重力资料可以确定莫霍面和岩石圈底面深度。基于上述结论,利用ＯＳＵ９１全球重力位模型数据进行了反演,计算结果表明,地壳和岩石圈厚度与地形相关,大陆地壳、岩石圈较厚,海洋则相反。