对流凝结加热的垂直分布与低纬大气的30～60天低频振荡

运用一个包含Wave-CISK机制的斜压半地转8层模式和本征函数展开方法，研究了三种不同的对流凝结加热廓线对低纬大气的30—60天低频振荡的影响。研究表明，不同的加热廓线分布时30～60天低频振荡具有不同的相速和周期，并且低频振荡特征相速的量级都是o(10m／s)，由Wave-CISK机制激发的低频CISK—Kelvin波和CISK—Rossby波都是稳定的。同时，还进一步揭示了不同加热廓线对低纬大气30～60天低频振荡垂直结构的影响。     

Wave-CISK、蒸发-风反馈和低频振荡

本文利用一个包含有Wave-CISK和蒸发-风反馈机制的斜压半地转模式来讨论低纬大气运动,其中引入了反映CISK机制的无量纲对流凝结加热参数η和反映蒸发-风反馈机制的无量纲参数α_0,求得了η=0情况下的解析解及η≠0情况下的一级近似解,对η≠0情况下向东传播的类似于低频振荡的波动进行了讨论,从理论上指出了蒸发及非均匀加热对低频振荡的维持所起的重要作用.     

热带CISK-Rossby波的动力特征与30～50天振荡的机理研究

基于斜压准地转模式的动力学分析,讨论了ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波产生、传播的动机机理和不同的波结构及势力强迫对热带大气３０～５０天振荡传播的制约和影响,解释了３０～５０天振荡的一些重要传播特性,特别是对３０～５０天振荡的经向传播机理和垂直“斜压”结构等问题作了较为细致的探讨,提出了一些新的见解和观点。     

有蒸发-风反馈和海-气相互作用的CISK开尔文波——热带季节内振荡机制的进一步研究

将波动－CISK（积云对流加热反馈）、海－气相互作用和蒸发－风反馈都引入一个简单理论模式，研究了他们在驱动热带大气季节内振荡（ISO）中的作用。其结果表明：波动－CISK在减慢激发波的位相速度以接近观测到的热带ISO的移速过程中起主要作用；而蒸发－风反馈的主要作用是使激发波不稳定；海－气相互作用在减慢激发波的移速方面也有一定作用。因此，波动－CISK和蒸发－风反馈可认为是热带ISO的主要动力学机制。本研究还表明，由于蒸发－风反馈和海－气相互作用的影响，激发波是一种频散波，这种频散性可以更好地解释热带大气中ISO的活动特征。     

热带大气的CISK-Rossby波和30-50天振荡

利用斜压准地转滤波方法,通过引入一个反映CISK机制的无量纲凝结潜热参数η(Z),建立了描述热带大气的CISK-Rossby波模式,并求得了该模式的解析解。理论研究表明,考虑CISK机制的CISK-Rossby波与经典的Rossby波有明显差别,它可较好地解释热带大气30-50d振荡现象。     

大气30—60天低频振荡动力学研究最新进展

通过２０多年来国内外大气３０￣６０天低频振荡动力学研究分析，较全面论述了近年来的研究进展，以及未来展望。     

30—60天大气振荡的全球特征

利用ECMWF格点资料,分析研究了大气季节内(30—60天)振荡的全球特征。30—60天振荡动能的分布表明高纬度地区要比赤道地区大得多。说明那里有较突出的30—60天振荡。中高纬度地区的30—60天振荡与热带有明显不同,垂直结构为正压模态,以纬向2—4波为主,多为向酉传播。30—60天振荡存在明显的低频遥相关,北半球主要为欧亚—太平洋(EAP)型和PNA型,南半球主要有澳洲—南非(ASA)型和环南美(RSA)型,并且在全球范围构成南北半球相互衔接的低频波列,即EAP-ASA波列和PNA-RSA波列。南北半球30—60天大气振荡有明显的相互影响,本文研究了南北半球30—60天振荡相互影响的3种主要过程。     

关于热带大气低频振荡的一个简单模式与数值模拟

本文首先从观测事实分析了热带大气的低频振荡现象，然后从理论上加以研究。为此，本文建立了一个包括触发热源和CISK机制的三维线性模式，用此模式讨论了热带大气低频振荡的性质、结构、传播和动力学机制。从模式的计算结果得到了周期为30d左右以大约9 m/s的速度向东传播的低频振荡现象，这种振荡为Kelvin波型的响应和向西传播的Rossby波型的响应的结合。计算还表明，这种振荡的周期与触发热源的周期关系不大，这说明了热带大气的低频振荡是大气自身的固有振荡，它是大尺度运动与对流凝结加热相互作用的结果。     

层云加热对热带大气季节内振荡的影响

本文研究了层云降水加热对于激发热带大气季节内振荡(Madden-Julian oscillation,简称MJO)所起到的作用.将层云加热作用引入到非线性的CISK (Conditional Instability of Second Kind)-Kelvin波方程组,并分别利用截谱方法和四阶Runge-Kutta方法...     

Wave-CISK、蒸发-风反馈和低频振荡

本文利用一个包含有Wave-CISK和蒸发-风反馈机制的斜压半地转模式来讨论低纬大气运动,其中引入了反映CISK机制的无量纲对流凝结加热参数η和反映蒸发-风反馈机制的无量纲参数α_0,求得了η=0情况下的解析解及η≠0情况下的一级近似解,对η≠0情况下向东传播的类似于低频振荡的波动进行了讨论,从理论上指出了蒸发及非均匀加热对低频振荡的维持所起的重要作用.     

CISK, EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND 30-60 DAY OSCILLATIONS IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE*

A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model with evaporation-wind feedback mechanism(EWFM) and CISK is established,two non-dimensional parameters a and η are introduced to represent EWFM and CISK,respectively.Analytic solutions of the model system are obtained,dynamics analyses and the model atmosphere calculations further confirm that EWFM and CISK are very important physical processes in leading to the low-frequency oscillations in the tropics.     

STUDY ON DYNAMICS OF TROPICAL CISK-ROSSBY WAVES AND MECHANISM OF 30-50 DAY OSCILLATIONS

To add to the growing mature research on the tropical 30-50 day oscillations from a new prospective, the current work bases on dynamic analysis of baroclinic quasi-geostrophic models to discuss dynamic mechanisms for the generation and propagation of CISK-Rossby waves, and to understand restraints and effects of different wave structures and thermodynamic forcing on the 30-50 day oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Some important properties of the oscillation propagation have been explained and, in detail, with respect to its meridional propagation and vertical “baroclinic” structure. The work has come up with some new opinions and viewpoints. New opinions about the propagation and energy dispersion are to be proved by more observations and study.     

A FURTHER INQUIRY ON 30-60 DAY OSCILLATION IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE

Based on the ECMWF data(1980-1983) and others, a further inquiry on the activities and the structure feature of 30-60 day oscillation in the tropical atmosphere has been completed. The following results are obtained:There is stronger perturbation kinetic energy of 30-60 day atmospheric oscillation(AO) in the equatorial eastern Pacific. This means the equatorial eastern Pacific is a stronger activity region of 30-60 day AO in the tropics. Analyses also show that the AO system with the time scale of 30-60 days might consist of various spatial scale disturbances. The zonal propagation of 30-60 day oscillation in the tropical atmosphere is not all eastward. Some differences are found for different spatial scales, and for propagations in upper and lower tropospheres. The meridional propagation of the oscillation is even more different in the various regions and might be related to the low-frequency wave train in the atmosphere. The stronger activities of 30-60 day AO in the equatorial middle-western Pacific are related to the El Nino events and the weaker ones are correspondent to the inverse El Nino phenomena.     

蒸发－风反馈机制的进一步研究

对蒸发-风反馈的作用进行了简单动力学研究。结果表明,蒸发-风反馈不能像波动-CISK那样改变热带大气波动的性质(减缓移速),不可能单独成为激发热带大气季节内振荡的动力学机制。在积云对流加热和蒸发-风反馈的共同作用下,CISK-Kelvin波和CISK-Rossby波可以不稳定发展,共同作用比单独的积云对流加热反馈作用能更全面合理地解释热带大气季节内振荡的活动。因此,蒸发-风反馈对于热带大气季节内振荡也有重要作用。      

CISK,EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND 30—60 DAY OSCILLATIONS IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE

A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model with evaporation-wind feedback mechanism(EWFM)and CISK is established,two non-dimensional parameters a and η are introduced to representEWFM and CISK,respectively.Analytic solutions of the model system are obtained,dynamicsanalyses and the model atmosphere calculations further confirm that EWFM and CISK are veryimportant physical processes in leading to the low-frequency oscillations in the tropics.     

FURTHER STUDIES ON EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK

The results from simple dynamic studies on the evaporation-wind feedback show that the effect cannot change the nature of tropical atmospheric waves (by retarding the speed), so that the evaporation-wind feedback alone cannot be an exciting mechanism of intraseasonal oscillation in the tropical atmosphere. This is different from that of the wave-CISK mechanism. With combined effect of the cumulus convection heating and evaporation-wind feedback, the CISK-Kelvin waves and CISK-Rossby waves will develop unstably, explaining the dynamic mechanism of tropical intraseasonal oscillation in a more complete and reasonable way than the convection heating alone. Therefore, the evaporation-wind feedback is also important to the intraseasonal oscillation in the tropical atmosphere.     

THE CISK MECHANISM AND THE INERTIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES IN SHEAR FLOW

By using the symmetric equations of atmospheric dynamics in y-z plane with vertical and horizontal shear of wind, the nonlinear ordinary differential equation is derived with the method of travelling wave.Its stability is discussed by using the theory of nonlinear stability and the KDV equation is solved. The effects of linear CISK, nonlinear CISK, inertial stability and vertical shear of wind on the amplitude and the width of isolated inertial gravitational wave are discussed. In order to understand deeply the formation and development of meso-scale synoptic systems, such as the squall line, MCC, the cold surge of Asia high and typhoon, the factors of development of the isolated inertial gravity wave are analysed.     

切变流中的CISK机制与惯性重力波

利用板对称，有切变的大气动力学方程组，由行波法导出非线性微分方程，通过非线性稳定性理论讨论方程的稳定性，求解了ＫＤＶ方程，并讨论了线性ＣＩＳＫ，非线性ＣＩＳＫ，惯性稳定度参数和大气风速垂切变对惯性重力孤波强度和宽度的影响，目的早通过了解影响惯性重力孤波发展的因子，更深入地理解低纬中尺度天气系统形成和发展的过程。     

热带海气耦合系统中的长周期振荡及大气中的赤道辐合带

在考虑到大气中各种非绝热加热和对海洋的反馈过程后,建立了一个纬向平均的海洋、大气耦合系统模型。对系统的频率分析表明:存在着一类周期在月以上的长周期振荡。周期的长短依赖于海洋的混合层深度、所在纬度和各种物理过程(如对流凝结加热,辐射冷却、海面蒸发、海水上翻和云量对辐射平衡的调节等)的强弱。 在上述的基础上,讨论了赤道辐合带的形成和变化。计算所得的辐合带宽度和纬度与观测事实是比较一致的。