基于多重测点数目标函数族的结构损伤识别方法

基于加速度时域测试数据进行结构损伤识别计算时,所用测试数据的点数必须足够多才能够使识别有效,但往往又容易出现收敛到局部极小解的情况。为解决这一问题,本文提出了基于多重测点数目标函数族的结构损伤识别方法;所谓多重测点数目标函数族,即由不同点数的测试数据出发构造一族目标函数,以取代传统的基于单一点数的目标函数;迭代计算时采用了：Tikhonov正则化技术以抑制解答的病态性。以Benchmark结构为算例,分析了两种基于单一点数的损伤识别计算难以收敛到正确解答的原因;并考证了文中提出的方法。计算结果表明：基于多重测点数目标函数族的结构损伤识别方法,使得识别计算易于收敛到正确解答;从而证明了本文提出的方法是有效的。     

基于小波能量分布向量的结构损伤识别

利用小波变换时-频局部化性能,提出了基于小波能量分布向量的结构损伤识别方法。首先建立无损结构响应信号小波能量分布的总体向量;其次,将实测动力响应信号分解为小波包组分,计算其小波能量分布向量(样本向量);通过样本向量和总体向量之间的马氏距离识别损伤。该方法仅利用单测点结构响应数据进行损伤识别,实验方便,计算简单,并通过钢梁试验对损伤识别方法进行了试验验证,识别结果表明小波能量分布向量是一个比较好的结构损伤指标。     

基于改进广义卡尔曼滤波的结构损伤识别方法

针对传统的广义卡尔曼滤波算法不能有效地追踪结构刚度的变化情况,本文以传统卡尔曼滤波理论为基础,得到了基于衰减记忆的广义卡尔曼滤波算法公式,利用该算法对所得到的地震响应信号进行分析,提取结构的特性,辨识结构的参数,并从中判断结构损伤发生的时刻、位置及程度,改善了广义卡尔曼滤波的效果。衰减记忆的广义卡尔曼滤波算法只能够判断出结构参数变化的时间并且容易出现振荡,因此采用了一种新的自适应追踪技术,用一个自适应因子矩阵代替了原有的遗忘因子,这种技术可以有效追踪结构参数变化的时间、位置和大小,从而能够在线识别出结构的损伤。     

Structural modal parameter identification and damage diagnosis based on Hilbert-Huang transform

Traditional modal parameter identifi cation methods have many disadvantages,especially when used for processing nonlinear and non-stationary signals.In addition,they are usually not able to accurately identify the damping ratio and damage.In this study,methods based on the Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) are investigated for structural modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis.First,mirror extension and prediction via a radial basis function(RBF) neural network are used to restrain the troublesome end-effect issue in empirical mode decomposition(EMD),which is a crucial part of HHT.Then,the approaches based on HHT combined with other techniques,such as the random decrement technique(RDT),natural excitation technique(NExT) and stochastic subspace identifi cation(SSI),are proposed to identify modal parameters of structures.Furthermore,a damage diagnosis method based on the HHT is also proposed.Time-varying instantaneous frequency and instantaneous energy are used to identify the damage evolution of the structure.The relative amplitude of the Hilbert marginal spectrum is used to identify the damage location of the structure.Finally,acceleration records at gauge points from shaking table testing of a 12-story reinforced concrete frame model are taken to validate the proposed approaches.The results show that the proposed approaches based on HHT for modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis are reliable and practical.     

基于多项式拟合均匀荷载面曲率曲线的结构损伤识别方法

为仅利用结构损伤状态的柔度矩阵对结构进行损伤程度识别,先对损伤状态的均匀荷载面曲率曲线进行最小二乘法拟合。根据曲率曲线差判断结构的损伤位置,对损伤位置的点进行剔除后,再利用未损伤位置上的点进行局部最小二乘法拟合,代替损伤前的均匀荷载面曲率曲线,用于结构的损伤定位与定量。通过一简支梁数值算例,先以理论的二次多项式进行拟合,考虑单损伤和多损伤的情况,进行损伤识别分析,再分析多项式次数、测点数目以及不同噪声水平对损伤定量精度的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内,次数越高拟合误差越小,但差别不明显,采用理论的二次多项式拟合即可满足结构损伤识别要求,无噪声的情况下,测点数目减半不影响损伤识别的精度,该方法具有一定的抗噪声能力。     

基于机载LiDAR数据的建筑物震害识别特征参数研究

地震导致的建筑物破坏是人员伤亡和经济损失的主要因素,房屋破坏程度调查是灾害损失评估的重要依据。国内外多次地震应急遥感应用实践证明,高分辨率卫星和航空遥感已成为灾害监测的重要手段。激光雷达(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)是一种新兴的主动遥感技术,可快速获取高精度地面高程信息,能够监测地震造成的地表变形、滑坡、堰塞湖等地震次生灾害和地表破裂以及道路、建筑物等的损坏。     

Model-data-driven AVO inversion method based on multiple objective functions

The model-driven inversion method and data-driven prediction method are effective to obtain velocity and density from seismic data.The former necessitates initi...     

Structural identification with incomplete output‐only data and independence of measured information for shear‐type systems

Structural identification is the inverse problem of estimating physical parameters of a structural system from its vibration response measurements. Incomplete instrumentation and ambient vibration testing generally result in incomplete and arbitrarily normalized measured modal information, often leading to an ill‐conditioned inverse problem and non‐unique identification results. The identifiability of any parameter set of interest depends on the amount of independent available information. In this paper, we consider the identifiability of the mass and stiffness parameters of shear‐type systems in output‐only situations with incomplete instrumentation. A mode shape expansion‐cum‐mass normalization approach is presented to obtain the complete mass normalized mode shape matrix, starting from the incomplete non‐normalized modes identified using any operational modal analysis technique. An analysis is presented to determine the minimum independent information carried by any given sensor set‐up. This is used to determine the minimum necessary number and location of sensors from the point of view of minimum necessary information for identification. The different theoretical discussions are illustrated using numerical simulations and shake table experiments. It is shown that the proposed identification algorithm is able to obtain reliably accurate physical parameter estimates under the constraints of minimal instrumentation, minimal a priori information, and unmeasured input. The sensor placement rules can be used in experiment design to determine the necessary number and location of sensors on the monitored system. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于SEEW-SVM的结构损伤在线识别

在增量式特征向量加权支持向量机(WEVLS-SVM)结构损伤在线识别方法的基础上,提出了自适应特征向量指数加权向量机(SEEW-SVM)识别方法,该方法通过增加样本与修剪算法更新样本,并根据样本贡献量的大小对特征向量自适应进行指数加权。以剪切型结构为例进行了数值模拟分析,结果表明SEEW-SVM方法与WEVLS-SVM方法相比,不仅提高了识别精度,而且大大提高了识别效率,更适用于对结构的时变参数进行在线识别。     

基于对数目标函数的跨孔雷达频域波形反演

波形反演在探地雷达领域的应用已有十余年历史,但绝大部分算例属于时间域波形反演.频率域波形反演由于能够灵活地选择迭代频率并可以使用不同类型的目标函数,因而更加多样化.本文的频率域波形反演基于时间域有限差分(FDTD)法,采用对数目标函数,可在每一次迭代过程中同时或者单独反演介电常数和电导率.文中详细推导了频率域波形反演的理论公式,给出对数目标函数下的梯度表达式,并使用离散傅氏变换(DFT)实现数据的时频变换,能够有效地减少大模型反演的内存需求.在后向残场源的时频域转换过程中,提出仅使用以当前频点为中心的一个窄带数据,可以消除高频无用信号的干扰,获得可靠的反演结果.为加速收敛,采用每迭代十次则反演频率跳跃一定频带宽度的反演策略.实验证明适当的频率跳跃能够在不降低分辨率的基础上有效地提高反演效率.通过两组不同情形下合成数据反演的分析对比,证明基于对数目标函数的波形反演结果准确可靠.最后,将该方法应用到一组实际数据,得到较好的反演结果.     

Development of damage probability matrices based on Greek earthquake damage data

A comprehensive study is presented for empirical seismic vulnerability assessment of typical structural types, representative of the building stock of Southern Europe, based on a large set of damage statistics. The observational database was obtained from post-earthquake surveys carried out in the area struck by the September 7, 1999 Athens earthquake. After analysis of the collected observational data, a unified damage database has been created which comprises 180,945 damaged buildings from/after the near-field area of the earthquake. The damaged buildings are classified in specific structural types, according to the materials, seismic codes and construction techniques in Southern Europe. The seismic demand is described in terms of both the regional macroseismic intensity and the ratio αg/ao, where αg is the maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the earthquake event and ao is the unique value PGA that characterizes each municipality shown on the Greek hazard map. The relative and cumulative frequencies of the different damage states for each structural type and each intensity level are computed in terms of damage ratio. Damage probability matrices (DPMs) and vulnerability curves are obtained for specific structural types. A comparison analysis is fulfilled between the produced and the existing vulnerability models.     

基于大地脉动的新型损伤识别指数

阐述了一种新型损伤识别指数,进行该指数稳定性验算和计算绘制损伤指数变化率与损伤程度的关系曲线。数值模拟结果显示,该指数对小损伤敏感,可以进行损伤判定与标定,具有一定潜力。     

基于Swarm卫星数据的一次地震电离层现象辨识

为进一步探索基于多颗卫星观测数据的地震电离层现象识别,利用Swarm星座三颗卫星观测的电子密度数据和磁场数据,对已报道的2017年11月12日伊朗MW7.3地震震前第9天震中附近的一次地震电离层扰动现象进行辨识。通过分析三颗卫星相邻轨道的电离层扰动特征,获得了异常扰动存在的空间范围;利用Swarm星座三颗卫星轨道的时间和空间差异,计算出异常扰动在空间中可能的传播特征;使用同步观测的磁场数据判断其电磁辐射特性。最终根据现有对地震电离层耦合的认知,并结合分析的结果,认为该扰动为非震源发出的声重波扰动,非沿纬向传播的电离层行波扰动,非同步电磁辐射引发扰动,而是与伊朗MW7.3地震孕育活动无关的一次高纬度强烈电离层活动所引起的扰动变化。     

基于结构振动信息的损伤识别研究综述

随着传感技术、信号采集与处理和系统建模等技术的发展,基于结构振动信息的损伤识别已经成为土木工程结构健康监测与损伤检测领域的研究热点。本文系统地综述了近20年来国内外基于振动信息的结构损伤识别的研究和应用现状,评述了各类方法的优缺点,并针对土木工程结构损伤识别的特点,对有待于进一步研究的问题进行了展望。     

基于波动理论的结构损伤识别研究进展

目前人们对于结构的使用安全越来越重视,结构在日常使用或灾后的损伤识别检测也变得尤为重要。近年来国内外对于波在结构中的传播理论进行了深入研究,基于波动理论的结构损伤识别方法也取得了一定进展。文章首先介绍波在介质中的传播以及在各种类型结构中的传播规律和传播特性,其次从基于波传播理论的结构损伤识别、基于Lamb波的结构损伤识别、波动理论和神经网络相结合、波动理论与其他技术或算法的融合4个方面对国内外基于波动理论对结构损伤识别方法的研究成果进行综述。     

基于权值、阈值同步学习BP算法的结构损伤检测

结合神经元模型,提出了一种新的BP算法：权值,阈值同步学习的BP算法,该方法将冲经元权值、阈值均看作自适应的学习变量,在学习过程中同步修改,从而提高传统BP算法的性能、应用于结构损伤检测的数值模拟算例表明,该方法收敛速度较快、检测精度较高,可以改善传统算法收敛速度慢、易出现过拟合的缺陷。     

Structural damage assessment using improved Dempster-Shafer data fusion algorithm

As an efficient tool in handling uncertain issues, Dempster-Shafer evidence theory has been increasingly used in structural health monitoring and damage detection. In applications, however, Dempster-Shafer evidence theory sometimes leads to counter-intuitive results. In this study, a new fusion algorithm of evidence theory is put forward to address various counter-intuitive problems and manage the reliability difference of the evidence. The proposed algorithm comprises the following aspects:(1) Dempster's combination rule is generalized by introducing the concept of evidence ullage. The new rule allows classical Dempster's rule and can resolve counter-intuitive problems cause by evidence conflict and evidence compatibility;(2) a reliability assessing method based on a priori and posterior knowledge is proposed. Compared with conventional reliability assessment, the proposed method can reflect the actual evidence reliabilities and can efficiently reduce decision risk. Numerical examples confirm the validity and utility of the proposed algorithm. In addition, an experimental investigation on a spatial truss structure is carried out to illustrate the identified ability of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the fusion algorithm has no strict request on the accuracy and consistency of evidence sources and can efficiently enhance diagnostic accuracy.     

基于多尺度卷积神经网络的结构损伤识别研究

为了利用结构振动响应的时间多尺度特征来提升卷积神经网络识别结构损伤的能力,给出了两种用于结构损伤识别的多尺度卷积神经网络,即多尺度输入和多尺度卷积核卷积神经网络.对于多尺度输入卷积神经网络,将通过下采样和滑动平均获取的具有不同时间尺度特征的振动信号输入固定尺寸卷积核的分支卷积神经网络;对于多尺度卷积核卷积神经网络,则将...     

基于多项式拟合模型的实测海磁数据平差处理

通过对海洋实测地磁数据和不同阶次多项式拟合模型的几何特征进行分析,提出了利用多项式拟合模型对实测地磁数据进行平差处理的方法.根据不同测线上交叉点地磁场强度差值的特点,分别采用不同阶次的多项式拟合模型对地磁数据分区进行平差处理,最后通过比较平差处理总精度值和生成的磁场强度等值线图验证了本文提出的平差处理方法的有效性.     

SAR遥感图像在汶川地震灾害识别中的应用/

汶川地震发生后,受阴雨天气的影响,光学遥感影像在救灾决策中的作用受到了很大的限制,而SAR 图像由于其全天候的特点成为这次抗震救灾前期遥感信息保障十分重要的数据源.采用ENVISAT 的ASAR 作为数据源,利用多时相的雷达数据的幅度及相位信息对映秀及周边地区做了地震灾害识别,其中利用震前震后的幅度图像做比值变化检测,在映秀镇及紫坪铺水库等山区取得了较好的效果;利用相位信息做干涉处理得到的相干图像,经过失相干分析,发现建筑物的破坏等级与相干系数变化指数的大小高度相关.比较这两种方法,在都江堰等平原地区由于失相干现象不像山区那么严重,并且利用比值处理可以去除部分空间失相干及系统热噪声等带来的干扰因素,可以成为幅度图像的有益补充.结果表明,结合SAR 幅度影像和干涉相干影像,可以在地震灾害评估中取得更好效果.随着极化干涉雷达技术的日益成熟,多时相幅度信息、相位信息等多特征SAR 影像信息的融合会在救灾决策中发挥更大的作用.