丹江口水库浮游轮虫群落季节变动特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了解丹江口水库轮虫群落的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系,于2007年7月至2008年5月对丹江口水库轮虫群落及理化因子进行了周年调查.共检测到轮虫62种,隶属于12科23属,其中丹江库区30种,汉江库区54种.广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra vulgaris)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、长圆疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta oblonga)、等刺异尾轮虫(Tri-chocerca similes)、冠饰异尾轮虫(Trichocerca lophoessa)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)为主要优势种类.丹江口水库轮虫年平均密度和生物量季节变化特征为:冬季春季夏季秋季;区域变化特征为:丹江库区取水口汉江库区五青入库区.相关分析表明,水体透明度、叶绿素a、总磷、溶解性氮和溶解氧浓度与轮虫密度和生物量呈显著的相关关系.夏季对优势轮虫密度变化有显著贡献的环境因子为SiO2-Si和溶解氧含量,秋季为溶解氧和pH,冬季为叶绿素a、溶解氧和DIN,春季为DIN.     

广东流溪河水库异尾轮属(Trichocerca)的分布模式及其影响因素

异尾轮虫是热带亚热带地区轮虫的重要优势类群.为了解其在水库中的分布模式和潜在影响因素,于2013-2014年对广东流溪河水库河流区、过渡区及湖泊区的异尾轮虫群落及环境因子进行逐月调查.2年共采集到异尾轮虫11种,其中对棘异尾轮虫(Trichocerca similis)、圆筒异尾轮虫(T.cylindrica)、暗小异尾轮虫(T.pusilla)和刺盖异尾轮虫(T.capucina)为优势种,主要出现在丰水期,具有明显的季节分布模式.2013-2014年河流区、过渡区和湖泊区异尾轮虫丰度平均值分别为142.9、102.5和53.6 ind./L,3个水域的异尾轮虫总丰度在夏季(5-9月)较高.从水库上游到下游,异尾轮属的物种丰富度和Simpson多样性指数呈现递减趋势,体现了群落对环境的分区和稳定性变化的响应.群落丰度组成的主成分分析表明,主要优势种的丰度全年分布差异较大,而多数种类全年分布差异小.冗余分析表明,叶绿素a浓度、晶囊轮虫丰度、水温+磷酸盐浓度分别为影响河流区、过渡区和湖泊区异尾轮虫群落结构的关键变量,而降雨则是影响整个库区异尾轮虫群落结构的潜在变量.     

南亚热带富营养化抽水型水库轮虫的组成与动态

大镜山水库位于广东省珠海市,是一座供应珠海市和澳门特别行政区饮水的抽水型中型水库.抽水改变了水体的水动力过程以及水体生态系统的动态过程.为了解这一动态过程中轮虫的群落结构及环境冈子对轮虫的影响,于2005年1-12月,每月一次对该水库敞水区进行了采样调查.共采集到轮虫32种,其中,臂尾轮科12种,异尾轮科、腔轮科各有4种,它们主要是热带、亚热带地区的常见种和优势种类.热带龟甲轮虫(Keratella tropica)、对棘异尾轮虫(Trichocerea stylata)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、迈氏三肢轮虫(Filinia maior)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、剪形臂尾轮虫(Brachionus forficula)、卵形无柄轮虫(Ascomorpha ovalis)、敞水胶鞘轮虫(Collotheea pelagiea)和卜氏品囊轮虫(Asplanchna brightwelli)为优势种,这些优势种个体小、具有硬被甲.轮虫的多样性指数在0.29-0.81之间变动,与相同营养水平的湖泊相比,大镜山水库轮虫的种类数和多样性指数均较低,轮虫丰度和生物量的分布范围分别为21-1094ind./L和4.04-1127μg/L,高峰期均出现在2月和5月,二者具有相似的动态特征.轮虫个体的大小范围在50-620μm之间,轮虫种类和丰度的组成均以200μm以下的小型个体为主,如裂痕龟纹轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫等,轮虫生物量组成主要是以200-400μm的中型个体为主,如卜氏晶囊轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus Calyeiflorus)等,温度、透明度、浮游植物生物量和蓝藻生物量是影响水库轮虫群落结构特征和动态的主要环境因子.     

4种填料对氨氮的吸附效果

甘村水库是位于广东省雷州半岛的一座典型高产渔业水库,为了解该水库枯水期的轮虫群落动态特征,于2006—2007年的三个枯水期时段对该水库每进行了周一次的高频率采样．分析水库中轮虫的种类组成、丰度、生物量及相关生态因子间关系．共采集到轮虫32种,主要丰度优势种为热带亚热带水体常见的臂尾轮属种类：尾突臂尾轮虫和裂痕龟纹轮虫．由于受鱼类捕食压力影响,甘村水库轮虫优势种具有个体小、有被甲的特征三阶段枯水期之间轮虫丰度变化范围为170—2152ind．／L,三个枯水期存在显著差异（P=0.01）枯水期Ⅰ的轮虫丰度明显高于其它两个枯水期,枯水期Ⅱ的轮虫丰度最低,枯水期Ⅱ轮虫丰度低的原因是由于刚经历了夏季丰水期,水体中浮游植物丰度减少,轮虫的食物减少和鱼类捕食压力增加导致丰度降低．采样期间轮虫生物量的变化范围为10．6—677．5μg／L,三个枯水期之间没有明显差异（P=0．364）．轮虫的丰度变化主要与水体中鱼类捕食、叶绿素a浓度（食物）等因子有关,由于水体中生物量主要贡献者——大个体轮虫较少但稳定,甘村水库轮虫的生物量变化不明显．对三个枯水期轮虫种类的聚类分析表明轮虫的种类组成在丰水期前后的两个枯水期时段上存在一定差异,但从前8个优势种的丰度贡献率看,甘村水库枯水期轮虫群落组成具有较高稳定性。     

淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫群落结构的季节变化

2005年3月至2007年2月对淮北采煤塌陷区两个小型湖泊(南湖和乾隆湖)轮虫的群落结构进行了连续两年的调查.南湖共检测到轮虫9属14种,乾隆湖共计15属27种.乾隆湖轮虫年平均密度为1916 ind./L,约为南湖(198.4 ind./L)的近10倍.乾隆湖和南湖轮虫的最大密度分别为6915和1185 ind./L.在南湖和乾隆湖轮虫的季节动态中,冬、春季以前额犀轮虫为主,夏、秋季以多肢轮虫、异尾轮虫为主.在南湖,长肢多肢轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫和小链巨头轮虫分别占年平均密度的24.4％、24.0％和23.0％.在乾隆湖,暗小异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫和裂痕龟纹轮虫分别占年平均密度的31.5％、27.2％和7.3％.南湖和乾隆湖轮虫的Shannon-Wiener指数范围分别为0～2.06和1.28 ～2.68,平均值分别为0.67和1.99.水温、营养盐和浮游植物生物量对淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫的群落结构具有重要影响.     

洞庭湖流域常德柳叶湖及其邻近水体轮虫群落结构变化及其对环境因子的响应

城市河-湖连通使不同水文特征的水体连通构成多样化水环境,环境异质性为提高浮游动物多样性提供了多样性生境条件.为了解湖南常德柳叶湖及其邻近水体轮虫群落结构变化对不同水体连通性和异质性的响应,于2018年对柳叶湖、穿紫河和沅江常德市区河段共15个站点进行了每季度1次的轮虫群落结构和环境特征调查分析.调查期间,不同水体的营养水平呈现:穿紫河柳叶湖沅江,穿紫河和柳叶湖呈富营养化状态,沅江呈中营养状态.本研究共检出轮虫88种(包括亚种8种和变种1种),其中,长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)为水系第一优势种.轮虫最高丰度为2535ind./L,全年平均丰度空间分布呈现:柳叶湖穿紫河沅江;季节分布呈现:6月 9月 3月 12月.轮虫群落对水体连通性的响应表现为:柳叶湖、穿紫河和沅江3个水体轮虫种类组成具有一定的相似性且第一优势种相同.对异质性的响应表现为:不同水体轮虫群落年平均丰度和多样性指数存在空间差异.典范对应分析表明水温是影响轮虫群落结构变化的主要环境因子.     

滩涂围垦湖泊(上海滴水湖)轮虫的群落结构与时空分布

滴水湖是在嗣垦滩涂上挖成的一个人工湖.为了解该湖泊周年轮虫群落结构特征,于2008-2009年对滴水湖轮虫进行逐月采样研究,对湖泊中轮虫的种类组成、丰度及相关生态因子间的关系进行分析.共采集到轮虫12属33种,优势种有萼花臂尾轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫以及多肢轮虫等.周年轮虫丰度变化范围为58.3-1829.2i...     

淮南采煤沉陷区内小型塌陷湖泊轮虫群落结构特征

在淮南潘谢矿区内设置3个水文生态环境条件差异较大的小型煤矿塌陷湖泊研究站点,分别为潘谢潘集站(PXPJ)、潘谢顾桥站(PXGQ)和潘谢谢桥站(PXXQ),于2013 2014年4个季度分别对这3个湖泊的轮虫群落结构组成特征及水生态环境因子影响因素进行分析.共观察到轮虫15属32种,其中PXPJ站点13属25种,PXGQ站点13属24种,PXXQ站点11属20种.3个塌陷湖泊轮虫群落结构具有较大的时空分布差异,主要优势种为曲腿龟甲轮虫、罗氏异尾轮虫、前节晶囊轮虫、卜氏晶囊轮虫和针簇多肢轮虫.PXPJ、PXGQ、PXXQ站点轮虫丰度范围分别为500~2800、950~3350、400~3900 ind./L,3个站点Shannon-Wiener多样性性指数的平均值分别为2.71、2.68和2.54,体现了塌陷湖泊β中污染型水质环境的特点.轮虫群落结构与环境因子的冗余分析结果表明:水温、电导率和营养盐等环境因子对淮南采煤塌陷湖泊的轮虫群落结构影响较大.     

北京官厅水库轮虫群落结构与水体富营养化状况

于2007年1-12月对官厅水库上游(北京段)进行调查,利用非生物环境因子对水体的营养状况进行了评价,并通过种类组成、优势种、生物量及多样性指数等指标探讨了轮虫群落结构与水体富营养化的关系.结果表明,官厅水库(北京段)已达到了富营养的水平,在轮虫的种类组成中,10个富营养化的指示种类大部分都有出现,其中螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)和针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)为优势种;轮虫密度均在1000ind./L以上,生物量在1mg/L以上,轮虫的密度、生物量的季节分布与水温显著正相关(P0.05),水平分布与水体的营养状况显著正相关(P0.05),垂直分布没有明显的规律性;轮虫多样性指数较低,但与水体营养水平显著相关(P0.05).证明轮虫群落结构与水体富营养化之间存在着密切的关系,富营养化是导致轮虫群落结构变化的主要动因.     

洱海北部湖区轮虫群落季节演替特征

洱海是位于我国西南亚热带高原地区的重要淡水生态系统,在高强度的人类活动与气候变化的影响下出现了较为严重的水质退化与富营养化现象,其中北部湖区的问题最为突出。本文以北部湖区为对象,设置了喜洲等5个样点,于2020年3、6、9和12月对该湖北部的轮虫群落及环境因子进行了季节性调查,分析了轮虫群落的季节演替特征及主要影响因子。本次调查共检出26属48种轮虫,多数种类为广布种或暖水种,其中无柄轮属、晶囊轮属、胶鞘轮属、须足轮属、龟甲轮属、多肢轮属在4个季节均出现。异尾轮属的种类数最多,共计9种。螺形龟甲轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫和前节晶囊轮虫是主要的优势种类。其中,螺形龟甲轮虫在4个季节均为丰度优势种,而前节晶囊轮虫在4个季节均为生物量优势种。非度量多维尺度分析表明,洱海北部湖区轮虫群落结构存在显著的季节差异。这种季节差异主要反映了水温的直接与间接影响,后者主要表现为鱼类捕食压力与食物资源的季节性。冗余分析表明,透明度、温度和浮游植物丰度为解释轮虫群落结构变化的重要变量。群落的物种组成与季节变化反映了主要轮虫优势种类对水温和水质变化的敏感性。     

Planktonic rotifers in mining lakes in the Silesian Upland: Relationship to environmental parameters

The effects of coal-mine waters on the structure and the density of planktonic rotifer communities were studied in lakes formed as a result of subsidence due to mining (collapse of underground tunnels). Water samples were collected according to the standard methods from four mining lakes in Tychy-Czu?ów (near Katowice, southern Poland), twice a month from June till October in 2004-2006. Two of the studied lakes were fed by mine waters but differed in flow rate, conductivity, water pH, and the amount of aquatic vegetation. The effects of those factors on the planktonic rotifer communities were analysed. In total, 83 species and forms of rotifers were recorded. The highest diversity of rotifers was found in the lakes with the largest patches of aquatic vegetation, while the highest density of rotifers was observed in the smallest and the most eutrophicated lake. High-water conductivity limited both species diversity and densities of rotifers. The rotifer communities of the studied lakes differed significantly in species diversity, although all the lakes were dominated by eurytopic species: Keratella cochlearis, Brachionus angularis, Brachionus calyciflorus, and Polyarthra sp. In the largest lake, characterized by the lowest conductivity and pH, the superdominant was Polyarthra luminosa, which in the other lakes was rare or absent. Higher conductivity was correlated with a lower density of P. luminosa, Brachionus diversicornis, K. cochlearis f. tecta, and a higher density of B. calyciflorus. In the lakes with the largest patches of aquatic vegetation, conductivity affected the number of dominant rotifer species. Apparently no other abiotic factors (pH, phosphates, and nitrates) affected the rotifer communities.     

不同水力调度模式的两座调水型水库轮虫群落结构的比较

为了解水力调度对轮虫群落结构的影响,于2016年8月-2017年7月对调水水源相同而水力调度模式不同的两座水库（直流型水库和中等水力滞留时间水库）的轮虫种类、生物量及环境因子进行逐月观测.两座水库中共鉴定出轮虫37种,常见属为臂尾轮属（Brachionus）、异尾轮属（Trichcerca）、龟甲轮属（Keratella）、三肢轮属（Filinia）和多肢轮属（Polyarthra）,它们的种类数分别占直流型水库和中等水力滞留时间水库所检出轮虫总种类数的58%和64%.两座水库轮虫种类虽基本一致,但轮虫优势种（相对生物量大于10%）有较大差异.直流型水库轮虫优势种以角突臂尾轮虫（Brachionus angularis）、镰状臂尾轮虫（B.falcatus）、裂足臂尾轮虫（B.diversicornis）、剪形臂尾轮虫（B.forficula）、截头皱甲轮虫（Ploesoma truncatum）、尖尾疣毛轮虫（Synchaetidae stylata）和真翅多肢轮虫（Polyarthra euryptera）为主;中等水力滞留时间水库主要以卜氏晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna brightwelli）、裂足臂尾轮虫（B.diversicornis）和镰状臂尾轮虫为轮虫优势种.两座水库Bray-Curtis相异系数为0.42~0.77,表明轮虫群落结构差异较大.冗余分析表明,叶绿素a浓度和温度是影响两座水库轮虫群落结构的重要因素.两座水库轮虫群落结构的Bray-Curtis相异系数与基于叶绿素a浓度和水温的环境欧氏距离呈显著正相关（R_adj²=0.426,P<0.05）.结果表明,虽然具有相同的调水水源,但由于两座水库的水力调度不同,叶绿素a浓度和水温有显著差异,轮虫群落结构趋于相异.     

贵州百花湖麦西河河口后生浮游动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系

为了探明百花湖麦西河后生浮游动物的群落组成及动态特征,于2009年8月至2011年8月对百花湖麦西河河口后生浮游动物进行调查研究.结果表明:百花湖麦西河河口共监测到轮虫29种,丰度为0.16～837.80 ind./L;桡足类浮游动物仅检测到了温中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides)和猛水蚤(Harpacticella sp.)2种,以无节幼体和桡足幼体为主,其丰度为0～642.75 ind./L;枝角类浮游动物9种,丰度为0～31.20 ind./L.后生浮游动物的丰度主要由轮虫和桡足类组成,轮虫丰度比例为4.09%～100%,桡足类丰度比例为0～95.64%.前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、卜氏晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna brightwelli)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)为轮虫类的主要优势种,最高丰度分别达到424.88、392.20和61.99 ind./L;长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)为枝角类优势种,最高丰度达到27.93 ind./L.轮虫丰度与透明度、总氮、硝态氮呈极显著正相关;枝角类丰度与透明度、硝态氮呈极显著正相关,与温度呈极显著负相关.     

江西省浅水湖泊大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性特征和影响因素

2019年春、秋两季,对江西省76个湖泊的底栖动物进行了调查,在分析其群落结构和多样性的基础上,探讨了多样性与环境因子间的关系,旨在确定影响大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的重要环境因子,以期为江西省湖泊的精准化管理提供科学依据和技术支持。两次调查共检出140个分类单元,以水生昆虫和软体动物为主,摇蚊类物种数占水生昆虫物种数的53.62%。富营养指示种(长足摇蚊属一种和摇蚊属一种)为春、秋两季的优势分类单元,湖沼典型种(长足摇蚊属一种、摇蚊属一种、石田螺属一种、苏氏尾鳃蚓和霍甫水丝蚓)的丰度变化导致了群落结构的季节变化。大型底栖无脊椎动物α多样性水平较低,基于PLSR和PLS-SEM的分析结果表明,影响大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性指标的环境因子既与藻类种群动态密切相关,也与水质状态有关。大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性与藻类种群状态存在稳定的联系,不受季节因素的影响,过高的藻类丰度不利于大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的提高,而较好的水质状况有利于大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的提高。为保护江西省湖泊大型底栖无脊椎动物资源,应在具有渔业养殖功能的湖泊和城镇湖泊中进行水生植物的修复工作,使藻型湖泊向草型湖泊方向演化;对一...     

Rotifer abundance, biomass, and secondary production after the recovery of hydrologic connectivity between a river and two marginal lakes (São Paulo, Brazil)

Rotifera density, biomass, and secondary production on two marginal lakes of Paranapanema River were compared after the recovery of hydrologic connectivity with the river (São Paulo State, Brazil). Daily samplings were performed in limnetic zone of both lakes during the rainy season immediately after lateral inflow of water and, in the dry period, six months after hydrologic connectivity recovery. In order to identify the factors that affect rotifer population dynamics, lake water level, volume, depth, temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, suspended solids, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a were determined. Variations of water physical and chemical factors that affect rotifer population were related to the lake-river degree of connection and to water level rising after drought. The water lateral inflow from the river resulted in an increase in lake water volume, depth, and transparency and a decrease in water pH, alkalinity, and suspended solids. The lake with the wider river connection, more frequent biota exchange, and larger amount of particulate and dissolved materials was richer and more diverse, while rotifer density, biomass, and productivity were lower in both periods studied. Density, biomass, and secondary production were higher in the lake with the smaller river connection and the higher physical and chemical stability. Our results show that the connectivity affects the limnological stability, associated to seasonality. Stable conditions, caused by low connectivity in dry periods, were related with high density, biomass and secondary production. Conversely, instability conditions in rainy periods were associated to elevated richness and diversity values, caused by exchange biota due to higher connectivity.     

Ecological engineering in a eutrophic lake: A case study of large aquatic macrophyte enclosures in Baima Lake,China

Ecological restoration of eutrophic lakes using aquatic macrophytes is an important and practical technology. Here, we investigated the response of phytoplankton and zooplankton to a large-scale 2015-built aquatic macrophyte enclosure (AME, 200,000 m²) screened of by a PVC net in Baima Lake, a eutrophic lake, from spring to autumn of 2019. AME significantly improved water quality by increasing water transparency, and reducing total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a content during the growing season. AME significantly decreased phytoplankton abundance and biomass and marginally increased zooplankton abundance and biomass. Phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were closely related to environmental factors, such as water temperature, conductivity, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and chlorophyll-a inside and outside the AME. The zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratio inside was slightly higher than outside the AME. Zooplankton and phytoplankton biomass were significantly positively correlated inside and outside the AME, as were chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus. We found phosphorus to be a key factor limiting primary productivity in Baima Lake, and that bottom-up effects were the main driver to control phytoplankton in the AME. Using aquatic macrophytes to reduce nutrient loads is an effective way to manage eutrophication in Baima Lake.     

Phytoplankton abundance, biomass and diversity within and between Pantanal wetland habitats

During the high water season, the flooding reduces environmental heterogeneity in aquatic ecosystems of the Pantanal wetland. When the water level recedes, lakes and channels are formed as individual systems. Therefore, we expected the spatial heterogeneity during the low water phase resulting in changes on biological communities leading to high phytoplankton abundance, biomass and diversity within and between habitats. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed eight freshwater systems (five oxbow lakes, two channels, and the river) during the low water period. Phytoplankton biomass, abundance, diversity (alpha, beta, gamma) and diversity metrics as richness (species per sample), Shannon diversity (H′) and evenness were measured in all systems along with nutrient concentrations, zooplankton and bacteria abundances. We found 97 species as gamma diversity. The alpha diversity was unexpectedly low in comparison to most other South American floodplain systems (38 species in river, 24 in channels and 29 in lakes). Also, the systems are relatively similar in composition (beta diversity, 28%). Connectivity differences between systems highlighted differences in phytoplankton abundance and biomass (fresh weight) ranging from 1428 ind mL⁻¹ (river) to 3710 ind mL⁻¹ (lakes) and from 0.71 mg L⁻¹ (river) to 2.9 mg L⁻¹ (lakes), respectively. However, our results did not indicate significant differences in phytoplankton species richness between the systems during the low water. Our main conclusions are that local factors may be responsible for changes on phytoplankton community and the time of isolation during the low water phase was not sufficient to promote changes in phytoplankton diversity between the habitats.     

热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构对生态修复的响应

热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落以轮虫和小型枝角类为主,往往缺乏大型浮游动物,其影响因子还存在争议,因此通过减少鱼类,提高大型后生浮游动物密度,从而增强对浮游植物的下行控制、修复热带富营养化湖泊的方法受到质疑.暨大南湖位于广州暨南大学校园内,是热带富营养化浅水湖泊,于2014年1—2月实施以鱼类去除和水生植被重建为主的生态系统修复工程,以期改善水质.通过对南湖修复前后水质、后生浮游动物以及修复后鱼类群落的调查分析,研究了后生浮游动物群落对修复的响应.结果表明:与修复前相比,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度显著降低,透明度显著上升.枝角类丰度和生物量显著增加,修复后初期出现较高密度的大型枝角类蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex),桡足类丰度和生物量没有显著变化,轮虫丰度下降而生物量上升;后生浮游动物体长和生物多样性显著增加.随着鱼类密度的增加,蚤状溞丰度快速降低,后期鱼类减少后蚤状溞丰度又有所升高.因此,本研究显示鱼类是控制热带浅水湖泊大型浮游动物种群的主要因素,由于控制鱼类密度以维持较高大型浮游动物密度较为困难,因此单纯生物操纵在热带浅水湖泊修复中难以取得显著效果.