Variation characteristics of temperature and moisture content of seasonal frozen soil during freezing process in Changchun, China

In China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed. The freezing damage of subgrade soil in Jilin Province has been one of major engineering geological problems troubling the safety of road, in which some common damage phenomena, such as frost heave, subsidence deformation and frost boiling, are all caused bywater translocation. Aiming at the phenomenon, the changes of moisture content of seasonal frozen soil in Changchun City are mainly studied by long-term field observation and indoor testing of physical properties under different conditions, and then the variation characteristics of moisture content in soil under different compactness and temperature conditions are realized. The results show that the increasing section of moisture content and negative temperature section all lie in 0.0-1.0 m of subgrade. Both lowest air and earth temperature occur in January to February, and the most negative temperature ranges from -7 ℃ to -10 ℃.     

Study on preventing frost heave methods for highway foundation in seasonal frozen area

In order to resolve the frost-heave problem of highway foundation, firstly, the author discussed the law to frost heave of highway roadbed and gave an analysis on its influencing factors, such as soil, water and temperature. Meanwhile, sand clay and silt are given a classification according to frost heave ratio. Secondly, the roadbed frozen damage shows to frost heave and froze boiling based on the frost heave law and its influencing factors. In addition, taking some highway as an example and some principle suggestion was given through the theory on providing frostbite methods for highway foundation frost heave in seasonal frozen area. Specially, an effective method, STYROFOAM extruded polystyrene foam was introduced.     

Study on preventing frost heave methods for highway foundation in seasonal frozen area

In order to resolve the frost-heave problem of highway foundation,firstly,the author discussed the law to frost heave of highway roadbed and gave an analysis on its influencing factors,such as soil,water and temperature.Meanwhile,sand clay and silt are given a classification according to frost heave ratio.Secondly,the roadbed frozen damage shows to frost heave and froze boiling based on the frost heave law and its influencing factors.In addition,taking some highway as an example and some principle suggestion was given through the theory on providing frostbite methods for highway foundation frost heave in seasonal frozen area.Specially,an effective method,STYROFOAM extruded polystyrene foam was introduced.     

冻土地基中锥管板条装配式基础抗拔承载性能试验研究

为了分析冻土地基中输电线路基础发生冻拔破坏的科学问题,以锥管板条装配式基础为研究对象,采用室内模型试验测试及分析的研究方法,开展了不同环境温度下,冻土地基的冻结试验和基础的上拔加载试验,分析了地基温度场、位移场的分布特征以及基础抗拔承载力与温度之间的关系,揭示出上拔荷载作用下冻土地基的破坏模式。研究结果表明：冻结试验中,模型基础的冻拔位移均小于周围地基土体的冻胀位移,基础对地基土体的冻胀存在反约束作用,距离基础越近,约束作用越明显;不同冻结环境温度下基础的上拔加载试验中,抗拔极限承载力均随环境温度的降低近似呈线性增大,增加速率接近1.8 kN/℃;在冻结与上拔力双重作用下,地基土体首先出现局部张拉破坏,随着上拔荷载的不断增加,地基土体逐渐由局部张拉破坏过渡为整体剪切破坏。研究成果可为这种形式的基础在冻土地基中的应用提供理论依据和实践经验。     

南水北调西线区域多年冻土分布特征及其现象

南水北调西线区域处于高原连续片状冻土区向高山不连续岛状冻土区过渡的中间地带。区域内多年片状冻土、岛状冻土和季节性冻土三种类型并存,造成了冻土分布的复杂性与多变性。依据大量实际资料,系统论述了区域内冻土、地下冰、融区的分布与特征,冻胀与融沉的各种现象。     

DInSAR���������ظ�ԭ�����α�������о�

???????·???????????????????DInSAR??????Palsar????????????????????α????α????????????????α??????????????????????仯????????DInSAR????????????????Χ???????α?     

融入土壤湿度指标的青藏高原近地表土壤冻融机器学习监测算法

青藏高原作为中低纬度地区最大的高山冻土区,多年冻土和季节冻土广泛分布。高精度的地表冻融监测结果对研究该区域的水热交换、碳氮循环和土壤冻融侵蚀非常重要。本文基于4个青藏高原典型地区的土壤温湿度观测网数据,开展利用LightGBM算法和随机森林算法进行土壤冻融循环监测的研究。在构建土壤冻融监测模型的过程中,发现土壤湿度是影响冻融判别的一个关键因子。使用AMSR2亮温数据和ERA5-Land土壤湿度数据,基于两种机器学习算法判别地表冻融状态,将结果与传统冻融判别式算法进行对比分析。结果表明：相比冻融判别式算法,LightGBM算法在白天和夜间的总体判对率提高了12.09%;14.45%,随机森林算法在白天和夜间的总体判对率提高了13.23%和14.96%。近80%的错分样本分布在-4.0℃～4.0℃之间,说明2个机器学习算法能够识别出稳定的土壤冻结状态和融化状态。另外,LightGBM算法和随机森林算法得到的日冻融转换天数的平均RMSE降低了112.82和117.00;冻结天数的平均RMSE降低了47.87和53.96;融化天数的平均RMSE降低了37.10和39.80。同时,基于随机森林算...     

Frozen ground and periglacial processes relationship in temperate high mountains: a case study at Monte Perdido-Tucarroya area(The Pyrenees,Spain)

Seasonally frozen ground,mountain permafrost and cryogenic geomorphological processes are important components of the Pyrenean high mountains.This work presents the results of a study on the distribution of frozen ground in a marginal and paraglacial environment of temperate mountains.An inventory was made of landforms and indicators of frozen ground,and frozen ground was mapped accordingly.During 2014 and 2016 ground temperatures and thermal regimes were monitored,basal temperatures of snow-cover(BTS)were measured and a thermal map was drawn.Differential thermal behaviours were detected among different elevations and slope orientations.Periglacial processes are the most widespread,in which frost weathering and nivation,together with gelifluction and cryoturbation,are the most efficient processes;the latter two are generally linked to the presence of frozen ground.The fall in air and ground temperatures with altitude,slope orientations,and snowpack thickness and evolution determine ground thermal regimes.In the study area,three types of thermal regimes were established:climate-controlled,snowcover-controlled,and frozen ground-controlled.Seasonally frozen ground occurs across a broad range of elevation between 2650 and 3075 m asl,whereas possible permafrost only occurs above 2750 m asl.     

Evidence for warmer event from quartz grains in the soil of Grove Mountains, East Antarctica

The cold desert soll has been discovered at first time in southern ridge of Mount Harding, Grove Mountains of interior East Antarctica Ice Sheet. Based on the micro structural observation, dominant characteristics of quartz grains include： distinct surface stria and fractures, and clean features of frost action at both of crystal margins and micro crannies of quartz grains. These features show a pedogenesis environment of few water, short transportation and frost action, revealing a warmer climatic event existed in this re, on.     

Effects of seasonal variation on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity in a Masson pine forest in Southwest China

Soil microbial communities and enzyme activities play key roles in soil ecosystems. Both are sensitive to changes in environmental factors,including seasonal temperature, precipitation variations and soil properties. To understand the interactive mechanisms of seasonal changes that affect soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in a subtropical masson pine(Pinus massoniana) forest, we investigated the soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities to identify the effect of seasonal changes on the soil microbial community for two years in Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China. The soil microbial community structure was investigated using phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs). The results indicated that a total of 36 different PLFAs were identified, and 16:0 was found in the highest proportions in the four seasons, moreover, the total PLFAs abundance were highest in spring and lowest in winter. Bacteria and actinomycetes were the dominant types in the study area. Seasonal changes also had a significant(P 0.05) influence on the soil enzyme activity. The maximum and minimum values of the invertase and catalase activities were observed in autumn and winter, respectively. However, the maximum and minimum values of the urease and phosphatase acid enzymatic activities were found in spring and winter, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) analysis revealed that the seasonal shifts in soil community composition and enzyme activities were relatively more sensitive to soil moisture and temperature, but the microbial community structure and enzyme activity were not correlated with soil pH in the study region. This study highlights how the seasonal variations affect the microbial community and function(enzyme activity)to better understand and predict microbial responses to future climate regimes in subtropical area.     

西藏浅层地温气候特征分析及与降水的关系

选择了西藏地区建站早、有代表性的１５个站１９６１～１９９６年逐月１０ｃｍ、２０ｃｍ、４０ｃｍ三个层次的地温资料以及月降水量资料。运用ＥＯＦ方法分析了各层地温的时空特征,并对不同时段的地温场和降水场进行ＳＶＤ分解,并讨论了前期地温变化,尤其是１０ｃｍ地温变化与我区降水之间的关系。分析表明,浅层地温最高值雅鲁藏布江中游地区出现在６月,其它各地一般出现在７月,最低值全区均出现在１月。地温年较差雅鲁藏布江中游地区最小,林芝、昌都次之,阿里地区最大。雅鲁藏布江中游大部分地区近３６年浅层地温呈现上升趋势,且冬春季升温幅度较汛期要高。阿里、昌都及林芝变化则不明显。地温阿里地区最低,低值中心靠近改则,昌都的西北部和南部为两个次低值区;雅江一线、东南部地温较高,最高值中心在察隅,次高值在泽当～林芝的沿江地区。１０、２０、４０ｃｍ地温年变化和冬春季、汛期变化存在准３年或准６年的周期性规律。前期地温场变化,特别是１０ｃｍ地温变化与降水有着密切的联系。大部分地区,特别是雅江中游地区和阿里地区、冬春季地温偏高（低）,汛期降水偏少（多）,两者间存在明显的反位相关系     

Study on mechanism of circumferential cracks in cold-region tunnels

There exists frost damage in cold-region tunnels. The circumferential cracks affect the function of tunnels. Using three-dimensional finite element method, the authors analyzed the mechanism of circumferential cracks in cold-region tunnels It is proved that the internal thermal stress in lining exceeds the tensile strength of concrete, which is the direct cause for circumferential cracks occurring. The laws of thermal stress in lining induced by parameters such as temperature drop, horizontal drag coefficient and length of lining are analyzed. The conclusions are valuable to the design and construction of cold-region tunnels considering the thermal stress.     

Research on soil salt transfer under freeze-thawing condition

Soil salt transformation plays an important role in the freeze-thawing process,which is also one of basic problems of cryopedology. The very special law is made up of the two time salt-moisture transfer under freeze-thawing condition. Based on the latest research at home and abroad,through the investigation of soil moisture-salt change in the freeze-thawing process,the conclusion is made that the soil water potential gradient is the main driving force of soil salt movement and the factors are of quantities. The research shows that,when freezing,temperature drops,salt and moisture move towards frozen layer. All make the salinity content of the frozen layer increase significantly. In the thawing process,salinity and moisture in the soil move up again with evaporation and makes the salt second migration.     

南水北调西线叶青—勒那曲引水线工程地质条件分段评价

叶青—勒那曲引水线路根据地质构造、地貌特征、物理地质现象,共划分六个区段。德曲段:山脊寒冻风化碎石坡型,山坡融冻泥流及顺河断层发育;解吾曲下段:冻土沼泽发育,南北构造活动较强烈,区域稳定性及边坡稳定性较差;解吾曲上游段;山区和丘陵区断裂发育,在喜山末期有强烈的活动,滑坡、冰丘等不良地质现象极为发育;玛尕曲—洛曲南段:厚层地下冰发育,近期活动断裂明显;洛曲南岸—多曲东岸段:缓坡区有厚层地下冰,多年冻土布满全段;多曲东岸—万龙湾尕玛下游段:近代断裂活动明显,区域稳定性较差。     

考虑含水率对人工冻结红黏土力学特性的影响

在冻结法施工中,冻土的强度及变形特性对冻结壁的稳定性至关重要。为了研究不同含水率对冻结作用下土的强度和蠕变的影响,以江西红黏土为研究对象,通过冻结三轴试验,在-10℃下研究含水率对冻结红黏土强度及蠕变特征的影响。试验结果表明：16%～32%含水率范围内,冻结红黏土的抗压强度随含水率的增加先增大后减小;16%～28%含水率范围内,随着含水率增大,其黏聚力逐渐增大,内摩擦角逐渐减小;围压为0.2 MPa与0.5 MPa下的蠕变曲线都显示含水率较低时只会出现衰减蠕变阶段和稳定蠕变阶段,含水率较高时会出现加速蠕变阶段。含水率对红黏土的力学性质影响较大,研究成果可为江西地区红黏土地层地铁隧道建设人工冻结法施工提供参考。     

Spatial and seasonal dynamics of soil loss ratio in mountain rangelands of south-western Kyrgyzstan

Vegetation cover is the main factor of soil loss prevention. The C-factor of the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was predicted with NDVI, ground data and exponential regression equation for mountain rangelands of Kyrgyzstan. Time series of C-factor, precipitation and temperature were decomposed into seasonal and trend components with STL (seasonal decomposition by loess) to assess their interrelations. C-factor, precipitation and temperature trend components indicated significant lagged correlation, whereas seasonal components indicated more complex relations with climate factors which can be promoting as well as limiting factors for vegetation development, depending on the season. Rainy springs and hot summers may increase soil loss dramatically, whereas warm and dry springs with rainy summers can decrease it. Steep slopes indicated higher soil loss ratio, whereas flat areas were better protected by vegetation.     

Effects of vegetation coverage and seasonal change on soil microbial biomass and community structure in the dry-hot valley region

Soil microorganisms are sensitive indicator of soil health and quality. Understanding the effects of vegetation biomass and seasonal change on soil microorganisms is vital to evaluate the soil quality and implement vegetation restoration. This study analyzed the soil phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in fresh and withered Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) vegetation conditions in different seasons. The results showed that vegetation biomass and seasonal change significantly affected microbial biomass and its community structure. Both fresh and withered Kudzu cover significantly increased soil microbial biomass, and the growth effect of microbes in the soil with fresh Kudzu cover was more obvious than that with withered Kudzu cover. Compared with the dry season, the rainy season significantly increased the microbial biomass and the B/F (the ratio of bacterial to fungal PLFAs) ratio but dramatically reduced the G+/G- (the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria PLFAs). Kudzu cover and seasonal change had a significant effect on microbial structure in soil covered by higher vegetation biomass. Furthermore, soil temperature and moisture had different correlations with specific microbial biomass in the two seasons. Our findings highlight the effect of Kudzu vine cover on the soil microenvironment and soil microhabitat, enhancing the soil quality in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River, Southwest China.     

Different Responses of Vegetation to Frozen Ground Degradation in the Source Region of the Yellow River from 1980 to 2018

Frozen ground degradation under a warming climate profoundly influences the growth of alpine vegetation in the source region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study investigated spatiotemporal variations in the frozen ground distribution, the active layer thickness(ALT) of permafrost(PF) soil and the soil freeze depth(SFD) in seasonally frozen soil from 1980 to 2018 using the temperature at the top of permafrost(TTOP) model and Stefan equation. We compared the effects of these variations on veg...     

Several problems about the eco-environmental research on the source regions of the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River

１　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｔｈｅｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＣｈａｎｇｊｉａｎｇＲｉｖｅｒｂａｓｉｎｓｕｆｆｅｒｅｄｆｒｏｍｓｅｖｅｒｅｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ,ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｒｉｖｅｒｗａｔｅｒｇｒｅａｔｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ,ｔｈｅｄｏｗｎｓｔｒｅａｍｃｏｕｒｓｅｗａｓｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙｓｉｌｔｅｄｕｐａｎｄｆｌｏｏｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｗａｓｗｅａｋｅｎｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎａｌｓｏｏｃｃｕ…     

Impact of water environmental characteristics in Dry-Hot valley of Jinsha river on soil desertification

Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｓｏｃｉａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ,ｈｕｍａｎｂｅｉｎｇｓｈａｄｔｏｐａｙｍｕｃｈａｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｃｒｉｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｓｔｏｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｃｒｉｓｉｓ．Ｗａｔｅｒｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙａｎｄｄｅｓｅｒ...