Further results for astrophysics from the cosmology within the framework of the Projective Unified Field Theory

Recently the 5‐dimensional Projective Unified Field Theory (PUFT) of the author (Schmutzer 1995a, Schmutzer 1995b) has been applied to a closed homogeneous isotropic cosmological model with the result of a cosmology without big bang (Schmutzer 1999a, Schmutzer 1999b). Continuing this approach, in this paper following subjects are treated: recalculation of numerical values of cosmological quantities, exact solution of the field equations to a point‐like body, motion of a test body in such a field, definition of the empirical effective gravitational factor (“constant”), Einstein effects compared to the empirical situation, adiabatic approximation of the motion of an orbiting testbody under the influence of the expanding cosmos (transition of the ellipses to circles, decrease of the radius of the orbiting bodies, decrease of the excentricity, increase of the frequency of orbiting objects etc.), heat production in a moving body induced by the cosmological expansion with application to various cosmic objects.     

Heat expansion of star‐like cosmic objects induced by the cosmological expansion

The heat expansion of a star‐like cosmic object, induced by the cosmological bremsheat production within a moving body, that was predicted by the Projective Unified Field Theory of the author, is approximately treated. The difference to planet‐like bodies investigated previously arises from another material constitution. The exponential‐like expansion law is applied to a model with numerical values of the Sun. The results are not in contradiction to empirical facts.     

Cosmology without Big Bang for the whole time scale (repulsion era and attraction era)

In several papers the 5‐dimensional Projective Unified Field Theory (PUFT) of the author (Schmutzer 1998, Schmutzer 1999, Schmutzer 2000a) was applied to a homogeneous, isotropic and closed cosmological model without pressure (cosmology of the attraction era). Here we derive a cosmological equation of state for the pressure. This step enables us to treat cosmology for the complete time scale from the big start (Urstart) to the present time (repulsion era and attraction era). Here following subjects are treated, where our specific terminology of PUFT is taken over from our previous publications quoted above: cosmological equation of state for the pressure, numerical integration of the system of the resulting cosmological differential equations and evaluation of the results. Specific outcomes (temporal course and present values) are given for the following cosmological quantities: radius and age of the world, cosmological frequency shift (Hubble factor), deceleration parameter, effective gravitational “constant”, mass density, temperature, pressure, entropy, behavior of the photon gas and of the mechanical particle gas etc.     

Two‐body system with a rotating central body (e.g. Earth‐Moon system) within the Projective Unified Field Theory

In this treatise the well‐known 2‐body problem with a rotating central body is systematically reinvestigated on the basis of the Projective Unified Field Theory (PUFT) under the following aspects (including the special case of the Newton mechanics): First, equation of motion with abstract additional terms being appropriate for the interpretation of the various effects under discussion: tidal friction effect as well as non‐tidal effects (e.g. rebound effect as temporal variation of the moment of inertia of the rotating body, general‐relativistic Lense‐Thirring effect, new scalaric effects of cosmological origin, being an outcome of the scalarity phenomenon of matter (PUFT). Second, numerical evaluation of the theory. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Antimatter and the Particle Problem in EINSTEIN'S Cosmology and Field Theory of Elementary Particles (An Historical Essay on EINSTEIN'S Work at the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin)

The history of EINSTEIN'S Berlin work about the “particle problem” and the “quantum riddle” in general relativity and their connections with cosmology and unified field theory. Our historico-critical discussion centers on EINSTEIN'S foremost proof of the existence of “antimatter” in each general-relativistic universe.     

A refined model for the influence of ocean tides on UT1 and polar motion

Periodic changes in Universal Time and polar motion have been derived from a numerical ocean model for a number of small partial tides. Combined with the results reported earlier our model now includes the 34 most important constituents of degree 2 (measured by the amplitude of the tidal potential). The results show that the terms neglected in all existing models amount to 80 μs in UT1 and to 0.3 mas in polar motion.     

An exceptional cosmic influence and its bearing on the evolution of human culture as evident in the apparent early development of mathematics and astronomy

The proposal that cometary dust particles play a significant role in the emergence and evolution of both life and disease on suitable planets was first made some 25 years ago by Hoyle and Wickramasinghe. Fundamental to this proposal was a process of punctuated seeding by particular (bio)chemical species believed to originate naturally and predominantly in larger comets, say those with diameters greater than about 100 kilometres. Rather less well known is a parallel proposal likewise favoured by Hoyle that a particular giant comet, the most recent to settle in cis-Jovian space, accounting for the latest significant phase of evolution on Earth, also had a significant part to play in the cultivation by homo sapiens of its civilization and culture. Such proposals may be seen by many as examples of excessively lateral thinking but they by no means lack independent support and have important implications for the otherwise uncertain origin of the latest ice-age (basic to climatology) and for the otherwise uncertain generation of early calendars (basic to the management of society). Aspects of these proposals are considered here in relation to a much respected supposedly Chaldean calendar probably passed down by the dynastic Isins (also the Essenes?) which evidently bears witness to known early mathematical and astronomical skills but which largely ceased to be available to subsequent scholarship beyond the Early Christians (ca. 100 CE) pending its (recent) recovery through the medium of Dead Sea Scrolls.