基于实测动冰力时程的海洋平台结构冰振反应分析

冰激平台结构振动是影响渤海石油钻采平台冬季正常生产和安全的主要因素。本文采用实测冰压力时程,对渤海辽东湾北部的ＪＺ２０－２ＭＵＱ平台结构进行了冰振反应分析,计算了不同设计冰厚、不同冰作用方向和标高及平台桩腿有无正倒锥体（一种破冰装置）的结构反应,探讨了正倒锥体对减轻冰力和结构反应的作用,发现了结构冰激振动的一些特征,为在该平台上实施振动控制方案提供了依据     

海洋平台响应多点解耦的冰力测量方法

提出了一种通过传递函数在频域内进行解耦逆推多点冰力的计算方法,并以一个四桩腿平台为例,给出了冰力问接测量的设计方案及计算流程,从而为解决海上平台所受冰力的测量问题找到一个较好的技术途径。     

海上风电单桩式支撑结构冰激振动及参数敏感性分析

针对渤海湾某风电场的海上固定式风机支撑结构,采用适用于大直径单桩结构的PSI曲线模拟桩土相互作用,并采用SACS软件建立支撑结构的动力分析模型。首先对支撑结构进行模态分析;其次考虑海冰结构的随机振动作用模式,根据适用于渤海湾的随机冰力谱构造随机冰载荷时程曲线,基于半耦合的时域方法,采用SACS软件对支撑结构进行冰激振动分析,输出塔筒顶部加速度、单桩基底剪力及倾覆力矩等响应参数的时程曲线和响应功率谱;最后针对冰厚、冰速和海冰强度等海冰参数对支撑结构的冰激振动进行敏感性分析。研究结果表明,在随机振动模式下,冰载荷及结构动力响应对冰厚和海冰强度较为敏感,在进行冰激振动分析时应合理确定冰厚和海冰强度等参数。     

作用于平台桩腿的海冰屈曲破坏冰压力随机过程模型及其参数确定

冰对结构的作用过程是典型的随机过程。本文在冰压力过程为平稳过程的假设下，从渤海海冰对平台桩腿作用的大量实测冰压力数据中，选取了２１条冰屈曲破坏时的冰压力时程曲线，对它们进行谱分析后，得到了单点冰屈曲破坏的压力随机过程的谱密度，并确定了谱参数及其跟环境要素的关系，依据文献［１］中冰压力沿圆柱面的空间分布，建立了绕桩腿的冰压力随机场模型，并得到了作用于桩腿的总冰力随机过程及其谱密度。本文的研究成果为平台结构冰激随机振动和疲劳累积损伤分析提供了荷载基础     

基于水下光纤应变监测的导管架结构总冰力测量方法

基于测量结构水下光纤应变获取冰力的方法首次应用于渤海JZ20-2NW加锥导管架平台,该方法方便进行零点标定,可获取结构总冰力的绝对信息(包括均值和波动值)。首先介绍了JZ20-2NW平台的现场监测系统,主要包括结构水下应变响应记录冰力信息,甲板上部视频记录同步冰情(冰厚、冰速和来冰方向)信息和拾振器记录结构冰振响应;重点分析了由测点应变向结构总冰力的转化方法,并对总冰力进行了初步分析。将无量纲化实测冰力与5种典型冰力计算模型进行了比较,分析结果表明,锥体宽度与海冰厚度比值(简称"宽厚比")对冰力大小及变化起决定作用。     

渤海导管架平台的冰激振动响应分析

为研究渤海海域海冰撞击导管架海洋平台的冰振响应,基于锥体冰力函数,本文建立了渤海海域的冰力作用模型。采用ANSYS有限元软件对导管架平台与海冰的相互作用进行数值模拟,开展了海冰作用下抗冰平台的静力分析及平台动力响应分析。通过与静力分析结果对比,验证了动冰力对结构响应的动力放大效应。在此基础上通过改变冰厚、冰速等海冰参数,研究了不同冰力作用周期下导管架平台的冰振响应。研究表明,海冰厚度及海冰流动速度是影响平台动力响应的主要因素,为导管架平台结构的动力优化设计提供了研究基础。     

基于黏聚单元法的抗冰海洋平台与层冰相互作用数值模拟

通过商业有限元软件LS-DYNA采用黏聚单元法模拟层冰的断裂问题,在IIHR冰池模型试验相同缩尺比参数下对KULLUK抗冰平台受到的冰力进行数值计算,探究冰厚与冰速等冰况参数对平台冰力的影响。计算结果表明,在极地作业平台主要遭遇北极海域冰况范围下,相同冰厚情况时冰速变化对倒锥形结构平台的横向冰力影响不大,而同冰速时冰力随着冰厚的增加接近线性增加。同时将计算所得结果与同条件下IIHR冰池模型试验数据、ARCTEC、ACL非冻结模型冰试验数据、实船数据和通过ISO19906规范中提供的针对大锥面结构受到层冰冰力的经验公式计算所得数据等进行了对比,验证了选用冰参数的可靠性以及该数值模型在模拟大尺度宽锥形平台遭受层冰作用问题中的适用性。     

渤海海冰现场监测的数字图像技术及其应用

在渤海冰区油气开发中,海冰给平台结构、油气运输和施工作业带来很大影响.油气作业区海冰参数精确、连续、实时的现场监测对分析油气开发的可靠性、检验海冰数值模式、校正海冰卫星遥感数据具有重要意义.针对渤海油气作业区的海冰运动和分布特性,通过数字图像技术对海冰的厚度、运动速度和密集度三个参数的提取进行了算法开发和软件研制.在2...     

2007-2018年黄渤海海冰气候特征及其对气象因子的响应

基于美国国家冰雪数据中心 （NSIDC） 海冰资料、美国国家环境预报中心 （NCEP） 再分析格点数据和黄渤海近岸13个气象站点逐日气温数据,通过相关分析和合成分析,研究了 2007-2018 年黄渤海海冰范围的变化特征,探讨了近 12 年黄渤海海冰范围对近岸陆地气温、大气环流和局地天气过程的响应。结果表明: （1） 黄渤海海冰范围年际振荡明显,近 12 年呈现先增加后减小的趋势,与同期黄渤海近岸气温呈显著负相关关系;每年 1 月下旬至 2 月下旬是一年中海冰范围最大的时期。（2） 海冰范围偏大与偏小年份东亚地区 500 hPa 大气环流形势呈现出近乎相反的分布。 （3） 东亚阻塞形势的建立是黄渤海海冰范围爆发性增大的一个前兆信号,它带来的大风降温天气是造成黄渤海海冰范围爆发性增大的重要原因.     

Dynamics of Sea Ice and Spectrum of Ice Force

Spectrum and self-excite characters are the two significant characters of the dynamics of sea ice. The spectrum character of sea ice is mainly shown by the spectrum of ice force. The spectrum character of the sea ice is its intrinsic attributes. When the spectrum of ice force from the dynamic response of ice and structure interaction are evaluated, the effect of dynamic character of the structure must be eliminated. In this paper, the ice force spectrum at Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay is evaluated from the displacement and strain responses of a single degree and a multi-degree freedom structure. The evaluated ice force spectrum can be used to define the spectrum character of ice in the analysis of ice induced vibration.     

冰激振动及冰荷载动力特性的试验研究

回顾了解决海冰引起结构振动分析方法的要求，通过室内冰力模型试验得出了冰激振动的重要参数－冰力频率，幅值的特性。研究表明，在低冰速时，冰力频率与冰速对冰厚之比呈线性关系；高冰速时，冰力步与冰速对冰厚之比呈现恒定性，文章还根据试验数据以及统计分析，推荐了冰力幅值计算公式和取值范围。     

Properties of sea ice and overlying snow in the Southern Sea of Okhotsk

The general properties of sea ice and overlying snow in the southern Sea of Okhotsk were examined during early February of 2003 to 2005 with the P/V “Soya”. Thin section analysis of crystal structure revealed that frazil ice (48% of total core length) was more prevalent than columnar ice (39%) and that stratigraphic layering was prominent with a mean layer thickness of 12 cm, indicating that dynamic processes are essential to ice growth. The mean thickness of ice blocks and visual observations suggest that ridging dominates the deformation process above thicknesses of 30 to 40 cm. As for snow, it was found that faceted crystals and depth hoar are dominant (78%), as which is also common in the Antarctic sea ice, and is indicative of the strong vertical temperature gradients within the snow. Stable isotope measurements (δ¹⁸O) indicate that snow ice occupies 9% of total core length and that the mass fraction of meteoric ice accounts for 1 to 2% of total ice volume, which is lower than the Antarctic sea ice. Associated with this, the effective fractionation coefficient during the freezing of seawater was also derived. Snow ice was characterized by lower density, higher salinity, and nearly twice the gas content of ice of seawater origin. In addition, it is shown that the surface brine volume fraction and freeboard are well correlated with ice thickness, indicating some promise for remote sensing approaches to the estimation of ice thickness.     

海冰重叠动力条件分析

由于重叠冰厚度较大,给冰区海洋运输以及海洋生产作业等带来较大影响,为了得到科学客观的重叠冰厚度,需要对重叠冰的形成条件进行深入研究。利用理论分析和数值模拟方法,分析了波浪、风和流对渤海海冰重叠的影响。通过理论计算分析发现,波浪是导致海冰断裂的主要因素;采用离散元方法对海冰重叠过程进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明海冰在外界动力作用下,海冰初始发生屈曲变形断裂,随后产生重叠。综合分析表明,海冰在同时具备波浪的垂向波动作用以及风或流水平作用力下,冰层比较容易发生重叠,波浪对海冰重叠的作用不可忽略,海冰的重叠长度取决于风和流作用的大小,其作用力越大,重叠长度越大。     

Changes of proteins in the Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp.cultured under UV-B radiation stress

1 IntroductionAntarctic ice m icroalga Chlamydomonas sp., akind ofgreen algae in the Antarctic sea ice, playsavery important role in Antarctic ecological environm ents.Antarctic“ozonehole”enhancesthesolarUVradiationarrivingatseaiceandcontinent. M anyphy…     

A New Model for Ice Forces on A Conical Structure

The ice force is an important factor to be taken into account for offshore structures in cold regions, and the calculation method of the ice force is meaningful for the offshore structure design. The cone is now used as an optimal ice-resistant structure because it can cause bending failure of the ice sheet. The interaction between an ice sheet and a conical structure is studied in this paper and Croasdale‘s model is modified based on field observations. The newly built model separates the ice sheet into the emersed part and the floating part, and the equilibrium analyses are canied out respectively. The bending moment distribution of the ice sheet is analyzed for the determination of the position of bending failure, which serves as a supplementary restraint. The analytic solution of the ice foree on a conical structure is obtained it is verified with the experimental data of previous researches.     

Influence of dynamic factors on ice rafting

Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation have been applied to researching the effect of wave, current and wind on the ice rafting. The analytical results show that wave is the key factor for ice fracture. The process of ice rafting is simulated using the discrete element method. The simulated results show that the distortion or flexure breakage happens firstly, then followed by ice rafting. The comprehensively analysed results show that the ice is easily rafted on the simultaneity action of wave, current and wind, and the action of wave can't be ignored. Moreover, the rafted ice length increases with the enhancive force of ocean current and wind.     

海洋结构物冰振反应数值分析的解析递推格式

本文较为系统地给出了线性多自由度海洋结构物系统不等时间步长冰振反应数值分析单步法和两步法，共六种求解状态的解析递推格式，并且讨论了该算法的某些数值分析特性。本文算法计算精度高，可以求解非正交阻尼问题，是无条件稳定的算法，且满足收敛性要求。文末给出了一个海洋平台冰振反应分析的算例。     

Efficient Approximate Method of Global Reliability Analysis for Offshore Platforms in the Ice Zone

Ice load is the dominative load in the design of offshore platforms in the ice zone, and the extreme ice load is the key factor that affects the safety of platforms. The present paper studies the statistical properties of the global resistance and the extreme responses of the jacket platforms in Bahai Bay, considering the randomness of ice load, dead load, steel elastic modulus, yield strength and structural member dimensions. Then, based on the above results, an efficient approximate method of the global reliability analysis for the offshore platforms is proposed, which converts the implicit nonlinear performance function in the conventional reliability analysis to linear explicit one. Finally, numerical examples of JZ20-2 MSW, JZ20-2NW and JZ20-2 MUQ offshore jacket platforms in the Bahai Bay demonstrate the satisfying efficiency, accuracy and applicability of the proposed method.     

Arctic sea ice concentration and thickness data assimilation in the FIO-ESM climate forecast system

To improve the Arctic sea ice forecast skill of the First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model (FIO-ESM) climate forecast system, satellite-derived sea ice concentration and sea ice thickness from the Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) are assimilated into this system, using the method of localized error subspace transform ensemble Kalman ?lter (LESTKF). Five-year (2014–2018) Arctic sea ice assimilation experiments and a 2-month near-real-time forecast in August 2018 were conducted to study the roles of ice data assimilation. Assimilation experiment results show that ice concentration assimilation can help to get better modeled ice concentration and ice extent. All the biases of ice concentration, ice cover, ice volume, and ice thickness can be reduced dramatically through ice concentration and thickness assimilation. The near-real-time forecast results indicate that ice data assimilation can improve the forecast skill significantly in the FIO-ESM climate forecast system. The forecasted Arctic integrated ice edge error is reduced by around 1/3 by sea ice data assimilation. Compared with the six near-real-time Arctic sea ice forecast results from the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) Prediction Project, FIO-ESM climate forecast system with LESTKF ice data assimilation has relatively high Arctic sea ice forecast skill in 2018 summer sea ice forecast. Since sea ice thickness in the PIOMAS is updated in time, it is a good choice for data assimilation to improve sea ice prediction skills in the near-real-time Arctic sea ice seasonal prediction.     

渤海导管架平台桩柱冰压力随机过程模型及其参数确定

首先分析了冰压力随机过程的特征及其产生机理,从而按冰的破坏形式将冰压力随机过程分为挤压破坏过程、屈曲破坏过程和弯曲破坏过程.从渤海海冰对平合桩柱作用大量实测冰压力曲线中选取37条典型的冰挤压破坏时程曲线,经谱分析确定了相应冰压力随机过程的谱密度及其谱参数;进一步经统计分析,建立了谱参数与冰厚的关系;在此基础上,建立了绕圆桩柱的冰压力随机场模型,并利用大量实测数据,经统计回归分析,确定了场函数的具体表达形式,由此用冰压力随机场可以容易地确定圆桩柱的总冰压力随机过程及其谱密度.