面向对象的动力有限元实时分析程序开发

根据时程动力有限元方法的解题过程和特点，按照面向对象的程序设计方法，采用C 程序设计语言，抽象和定义了有限元程序类，开发了面向对象的动力有限元实时分析程序。详细介绍了在VC 中如何建立矢量图形系统，并给出程序中的基本图形元素类。采用多线程的程序设计方法，所开发的程序可以跟踪、实时了解动力计算的中间结果，并进行干预，最后可以对结构的整个动力分析过程进行动态模拟。最后给出有限元程序类的调用层次关系和一个程序实例。     

Model updating method for substructure pseudo‐dynamic hybrid simulation

Substructure hybrid simulation has been actively investigated and applied to evaluate the seismic performance of structural systems in recent years. The method allows simulation of structures by representing critical components with physically tested specimens and the rest of the structure with numerical models. However, the number of physical specimens is limited by available experimental equipment. Hence, the benefit of the hybrid simulation diminishes when only a few components in a large system can be realistically represented. The objective of the paper is to overcome the limitation through a novel model updating method. The model updating is carried out by applying calibrated weighting factors at each time step to the alternative numerical models, which encompasses the possible variation in the experimental specimen properties. The concept is proposed and implemented in the hybrid simulation framework, UI‐SimCor. Numerical verification is carried out using two‐DOF systems. The method is also applied to an experimental testing, which proves the concept of the proposed model updating method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hybrid testing with model updating on steel panel damper substructures using a multi-axial testing system

This paper describes a series of hybrid tests performed on a steel panel damper (SPD) specimen by using a multi-axial testing system. The building under investigation adopted a three-dimensional six-story moment resisting frame with four SPDs installed at each story as the main seismic resisting system. The structural model was subjected to bi-directional ground excitations of three hazard levels. The finite element analysis program “Platform of Inelastic Structural Analysis for 3D Systems” (PISA3D) was used as the analysis kernel for hybrid tests. Relevant programming extensions in PISA3D were created to support geographically distributed hybrid testing in a general-purpose manner. An external displacement control (EDC) method was developed such that the actual boundary deformation of the specimen fixtures could be continuously measured and immediately compensated during tests. An online model updating (OMU) technique was developed and employed such that the material properties of the specimen could be identified directly from the specimen response during the test. The identified material properties were then immediately used to update those of the other relevant numerical elements to enhance the overall simulation fidelity. Superior flexibility of the underlying software architecture was well demonstrated in this series of hybrid tests since no hardcoding was used to support all the complex test settings. Test results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed EDC method, as well as the capacity of the proposed OMU technique to satisfactorily and efficiently capture the hysteretic properties of the specimen.     

基于振动台试验的RC框架模型修正及模拟损伤识别

利用有限元模型修正技术综合利用理论建模和实验建模的优点,可以得到更加符合结构实际的基准模型,为结构动力分析、损伤诊断及健康监测提供更可靠的依据。基于一12层钢筋混凝土框架模型振动台试验测点加速度记录,采用特征系统实现算法对该模型结构进行模态参数识别,识别结果与有限元分析结果之间存在明显的差异。采用基于灵敏度分析的参数型有限元模型修正技术,选择识别精度较高的实测模态频率为修正基准,以构件的弹性模量和密度为修正参数,对该框架的初始有限元模型进行了修正,得到基准有限元模型。进一步以基准有限元模型为标准,以构件弹性模量的降低模拟结构的损伤,对两种假设工况下的损伤结构进行修正,得到构件弹性模量的变化值并与假设的降低值对比,验证了有限元模型修正技术在结构损伤识别中应用的可行性。     

First arrival time picking for microseismic data based on DWSW algorithm

The first arrival time picking is a crucial step in microseismic data processing. When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, however, it is difficult to get the first arrival time accurately with traditional methods. In this paper, we propose the double-sliding-window SW (DWSW) method based on the Shapiro-Wilk (SW) test. The DWSW method is used to detect the first arrival time by making full use of the differences between background noise and effective signals in the statistical properties. Specifically speaking, we obtain the moment corresponding to the maximum as the first arrival time of microseismic data when the statistic of our method reaches its maximum. Hence, in our method, there is no need to select the threshold, which makes the algorithm more facile when the SNR of microseismic data is low. To verify the reliability of the proposed method, a series of experiments is performed on both synthetic and field microseismic data. Our method is compared with the traditional short-time and long-time average (STA/LTA) method, the Akaike information criterion, and the kurtosis method. Analysis results indicate that the accuracy rate of the proposed method is superior to that of the other three methods when the SNR is as low as ??10 dB.     

一种基于径向基神经网络的地磁场K指数实时标定方

K指数是一种重要的地磁活动指数,标定K指数的难点在于规则日变化SR的确定,尽管FMI（Finnish Meteorological Institute,芬兰气象学院）方法能够比较准确地识别规则日变化SR,给出合理的K指数,但是该方法存在一天的延迟,无法实现实时标定.为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于径向基神经网络的K指数实时标定方法：首先用修正后的FMI方法提取H分量的时均值序列,接着以径向基神经网络对该序列进行建模,最后基于神经网络模型实时获取规则日变化,并结合H分量分均值观测数据标定K指数.实验结果表明：该方法能够以3.8598 nT的标准误差实时获取规则日变化SR;实时标定的K指数与直接用FMI-H方法延迟一天标定的K指数相比,完全吻合的占69.8%,差别大于一个标度的仅占0.77%.     

Fuzzy computing based rainfall–runoff model for real time flood forecasting

This paper analyses the skills of fuzzy computing based rainfall–runoff model in real time flood forecasting. The potential of fuzzy computing has been demonstrated by developing a model for forecasting the river flow of Narmada basin in India. This work has demonstrated that fuzzy models can take advantage of their capability to simulate the unknown relationships between a set of relevant hydrological data such as rainfall and river flow. Many combinations of input variables were presented to the model with varying structures as a sensitivity study to verify the conclusions about the coherence between precipitation, upstream runoff and total watershed runoff. The most appropriate set of input variables was determined, and the study suggests that the river flow of Narmada behaves more like an autoregressive process. As the precipitation is weighted only a little by the model, the last time‐steps of measured runoff are dominating the forecast. Thus a forecast based on expected rainfall becomes very inaccurate. Although good results for one‐step‐ahead forecasts are received, the accuracy deteriorates as the lead time increases. Using the one‐step‐ahead forecast model recursively to predict flows at higher lead time, however, produces better results as opposed to different independent fuzzy models to forecast flows at various lead times. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fuzzy logic based dynamic wave model inversion algorithm for canal regulation

A fuzzy logic based centralized control algorithm for irrigation canals is presented. Purpose of the algorithm is to control downstream discharge and water level of pools in the canal, by adjusting discharge release from the upstream end and gates settings. The algorithm is based on the dynamic wave model (Saint‐Venant equations) inversion in space, wherein the momentum equation is replaced by a fuzzy rule based model, while retaining the continuity equation in its complete form. The fuzzy rule based model is developed on fuzzification of a new mathematical model for wave velocity, the derivational details of which are given. The advantages of the fuzzy control algorithm, over other conventional control algorithms, are described. It is transparent and intuitive, and no linearizations of the governing equations are involved. Tuning of the algorithm and method of computation are explained. It is shown that the tuning is easy and the computations are straightforward. The algorithm provides stable, realistic and robust outputs. The disadvantage of the algorithm is reduced precision in its outputs due to the approximation inherent in the fuzzy logic. Feed back control logic is adopted to eliminate error caused by the system disturbances as well as error caused by the reduced precision in the outputs. The algorithm is tested by applying it to water level control problem in a fictitious canal with a single pool and also in a real canal with a series of pools. It is found that results obtained from the algorithm are comparable to those obtained from conventional control algorithms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural physical parameter identification based on evolutionary-simplex algorithm and structural dynamic response

Evolutionary computation based on the idea of biologic evolution is one type of global optimization algorithm that uses self-adaptation, self-organization and random searching to solve optimization problems. The evolutionary-simplex algorithm is introduced in this paper. It contains floating encoding which combines the evolutionary computation and the simplex algorithm to ovcrcomc the problems encountered in the genetic algorithm and evolutionary strategy methods.Numerical cxpcrimcnts arc performed using seven typical functions to verify the algorithm. An inverse analysis method to identify structural physical parameters based on incomplete dynamic responses obtained from the analysis in the time domain is prcscntcd by using the evolutionary-simplex algorithm. The modal evolutionary-simplex algorithm converted from the time domain to the modal domain is proposed to improve the inverse efficiency. Numerical calculations for a 50-DOF system show that whcn compared with other methods, the evolutionary-simplex algorithm offers advantages of high precision,cfficient searching ability, strong ability to resist noise, independence of initial value, and good adaptation to incomplete information conditions.     

SEED格式STEIM2数据压缩算法在实时地震数据传输中的应用

在一定带宽内,及时、高效、无失真地传输地震数据是地震数据传输的基本要求,SEED格式给出的数据格式在数据压缩方面有其独到之处,但SEED格式没有定义数据正确性和完整性保证机制和检验方法,因而影响实时传输中的使用。本文提出一种基于SEED格式的STEIM2数据压缩算法,同EDAS数据包形式兼容的实时压缩数据包编码方法,来实现实时压缩数据的传输。经理论评估和实际数据检验,它容易实现,效率高,安全,可靠,完全可以应用于实时数据传输。     

基于复模态的有限元模型修正算法

针对地下结构地震响应分析中无限地基辐射阻尼问题，引入复模态情况下的具有非简化的堆积阻尼矩阵的阻尼模型，并针对具有集中质量阵的阻尼模型提出了合并与质量有关的阻尼和堆积阻尼的思想，并据此提出了一种修正此类有限元模型的两步法，首先从复模态参数中提取实模态参数，采用基于模态残余力的识别算法修正刚度矩阵，然后根据复模态参数和已得的刚度矩阵来识别阻尼模型中的刚度参与系数和质量阻尼堆积阻尼联合矩阵。     

基于时间序列相似性匹配算法的地震预测研究

把匹配抽象时间序列相似性的方法引入到地震预报的应用中,结合大量地震历史源数据,在地震领域的专家经验知识和相关成果基础上,提出了一种简化的抽象时间序列匹配模型。该模型在对海量数据进行预处理筛选的基础上再进行时间相似性匹配,增加了横向和纵向多方位地区和多方位时间段的匹配,不同时间差和阈值的匹配,并通过大量实验对该模型进行了反复验证,同时对我国地震频繁地区近几十年的地震历史数据进行了相似性匹配实验分析,取得了可信度较高的实验结果,实验结果验证了所给时间序列相似性匹配控制策略的有效性、实用性以及算法的优越性。     

Model updating and seismic loss assessment for a portfolio of bridges

The majority of bridge infrastructures in Italy were built in the 1960s and ‘70s without any specific seismic provision being made. As a consequence, it is expected that these bridges would be highly vulnerable if subjected to a significant seismic event. Given this background, it is natural that the rapid and accurate assessment of economic losses incurred to the bridge infrastructure as a result of such an event could play a crucial role in emergency management in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake. Focusing on the infrastructure system of highway bridges in the Campania region in Italy, this paper demonstrates how both state-of-the-art methodologies in portfolio loss assessment and the available data can be used to assess the probability distribution of the repair costs incurred due to the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. Formulating a probabilistic loss assessment for a portfolio of bridges as a standard Monte Carlo simulation problem helps to resolve the spatial risk integral efficiently. One of the specific features of this case study is the use of statistical methods for updating models of: (a) ground motion predictions, (b) vulnerability/fragility and (c) exposure/costs, based on the available data. It has been observed that alternative hypotheses concerning the ground motion correlation structure can significantly affect the distribution of direct economic losses. Furthermore, updating the ground motion prediction based on available recordings may significantly reduce the dispersion in the estimate of the direct economic losses.     

Tangential‐projection algorithm for manifold representation in unidentifiable model updating problems

The problem of updating a structural model and its associated uncertainties by utilizing structural response data is addressed. In an identifiable case, the posterior probability density function (PDF) of the uncertain model parameters for given measured data can be approximated by a weighted sum of Gaussian distributions centered at a number of discrete optimal values of the parameters at which some positive measure‐of‐fit function is minimized. The present paper focuses on the problem of model updating in the general unidentifiable case for which certain simplifying assumptions available for identifiable cases are not valid. In this case, the PDF is distributed in the neighbourhood of an extended and usually highly complex manifold of the parameter space that cannot be calculated explicitly. The computational difficulties associated with calculating the highly complex posterior PDF are discussed and a new adaptive algorithm, referred to as the tangential‐projection (TP) algorithm, allowing for an efficient approximate representation of the above manifold and the posterior PDF is presented. Using this approximation, expressions for calculating the uncertain predictive response are established. A numerical example involving noisy data is presented to demonstrate the proposed method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Model updating of a bridge structure using vibration test data based on GMPSO and BPNN: case study

Model updating issues with high-dimensional and strong-nonlinear optimization processes are still unsolved by most optimization methods.In this study,a hybrid methodology that combines the Gaussian-white-noise-mutation particle swarm optimization(GMPSO),back-propagation neural network(BPNN)and Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)technique is proposed.In this approach,as a meta-heuristic algorithm with the least modification to the standard PSO,GMPSO simultaneously offers convenient programming and good performance in optimization.The BPNN with LHS establishes the meta-models for FEM to accelerate efficiency during the updating process.A case study of the model updating of an actual bridge with no distribution but bounded parameters was carried out using this methodology with two different objective functions.One considers only the frequencies of the main girder and the other considers both the frequencies and vertical displacements of typical points.The updating results show that the methodology is a sound approach to solve an actual complex bridge structure and offers good agreement in the frequencies and mode shapes of the updated model and test data.Based on the shape comparison of the main girder at the finished state with different objective functions,it is emphasized that both the dynamic and static responses should be taken into consideration during the model updating process.     

An alternative single-step algorithm for dynamic problems

In this paper we consider a one-step form of the weighted residual method for solving equations of motion for discrete structural problems. The resulting time integration algorithm is equivalent to the Newmark method for a restricted but important range of the parameters. The weighted residual treatment of the forcing function permits use of time increments based solely on the expected periods of the structural response, instead of the usual additional restrictions based on the periods of the forcing function. A numerical example is included to illustrate the behaviour of the algorithm for a forced ground motion with both low- and high-frequency components.     

基于WebGIS的城市数字地图快速更新方法

利用ArcIMS软件，提出了一个基于WebGIS的城市地图快速更新方法。并对该方法的功能组成、功能设计以及功能使用等进行了具体介绍。该方法的应用将使防震减灾系统更具有实用价值。     

Novel coupling Rosenbrock‐based algorithms for real‐time dynamic substructure testing

Real‐time testing with dynamic substructuring is a novel experimental technique capable of assessing the behaviour of structures subjected to dynamic loadings including earthquakes. The technique involves recreating the dynamics of the entire structure by combining an experimental test piece consisting of part of the structure with a numerical model simulating the remainder of the structure. These substructures interact in real time to emulate the behaviour of the entire structure. Time integration is the most versatile method for analysing the general case of linear and non‐linear semi‐discretized equations of motion. In this paper we propose for substructure testing, L‐stable real‐time (LSRT) compatible integrators with two and three stages derived from the Rosenbrock methods. These algorithms are unconditionally stable for uncoupled problems and entail a moderate computational cost for real‐time performance. They can also effectively deal with stiff problems, i.e. complex emulated structures for which solutions can change on a time scale that is very short compared with the interval of time integration, but where the solution of interest changes on a much longer time scale. Stability conditions of the coupled substructures are analysed by means of the zero‐stability approach, and the accuracy of the novel algorithms in the coupled case is assessed in both the unforced and forced conditions. LSRT algorithms are shown to be more competitive than popular Runge–Kutta methods in terms of stability, accuracy and ease of implementation. Numerical simulations and real‐time substructure tests are used to demonstrate the favourable properties of the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Segmentation algorithm for long time series analysis

Time series analysis is an important issue in the earth science-related engineering applications such as hydrology, meteorology and environmetrics. Inconsistency and nonhomogeneity that might arise in a time series yield segments with different statistical characteristics. In this study, an algorithm based on the first order statistical moment (average) of a time series is developed and applied on five time series with length ranging from 84 items to nearly 1,300. Comparison to the existing segmentation algorithms proves the applicability and usefulness of the proposed algorithm in long hydrometeorological and geophysical time series analysis.     

结构动力分析阻尼模型研究

提出了结构动力时程分析修正的Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ阻尼模型和一个基于单元特性的阻尼参数方法,可用于合理确定复杂阻尼结构的阻尼参数,工程应用实例表明,阻尼参数的计算对时程响应计算结果的影响是十分明显的,必须在分析结构体系振动特性的基础上慎重确定阻尼参数,以避免为为放大或滤掉主要振型,造成虚假的结论。