基于遥感和GIS的选址策略研究与实现

以某地新建化工厂选址为例,详细介绍了基于遥感和GIS的工程项目选址建模方法。该方法通过遥感获得地物的空间属性和类别特征,通过GIS的缓冲区分析、再分类、栅格叠加、归组、面积计算等空间分析与统计方法实现满足多个条件的目标区块的提取。作为选址模型的具体实现,以遥感和GIS分析软件为依托,规划出了某地适宜兴建化工厂的区块,实施了化工厂选址的遥感和GIS辅助决策。     

Providing scientific visualization for spatial data analysis: Criteria and an assessment of SAGE

A consistent theme in recent work on developing exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) has been the importance attached to visualization techniques, particularly following the pioneering development of packages such as SPIDER and REGARD (Haslett et al. 1990).  The focus on visual techniques is often justified in two ways: (a) the power of modern graphical interfaces means that graphics is no longer a way of simply presenting results in the form of maps or graphs, but a tool for the extraction of information from data; (b) graphical, exploratory methods are felt to be more intuitive for non-specialists to use than methods of numerical spatial statistics enabling wider participation in the process of getting data insights. However, little work has been done to decide which visualization tools might be needed to support ESDA, or how they can be most effectively implemented.  This paper briefly reviews a theoretical framework that has been suggested for addressing these issues, which comprises two elements: firstly a data model, based on the distinction between rough and smooth properties of spatial data, that defines what an analyst is looking for in data (Haining et al. 1998) and secondly a theoretical model for assessing the quality of visualisation tools (Cleveland 1994). The emphasis of this paper is the use of the theoretical framework to structure an assessment of SAGE, a software system that has been written for the spatial statistical analysis (including both exploratory and confirmatory data analysis) of area based data linked to a GIS. The aim of the assessment is to identify the desirable features of the system (that might be employed in other systems) whilst also highlighting what the additional requirements are thereby contributing to the development of systems for ESDA that contain good quality scientific visualization tools for exploratory spatial data analysis. Received: 30 September 1998/Accepted: 17 September 1999     

基于整周模糊度概率特性的有效性检验

准确确定载波相位整周模糊度是快速高精度GPS定位的关键,已有的检验GPS整周模糊度有效性的方法几乎均是基于其为非随机常量建立的,因而都存在一定的缺陷。本文在研究整周模糊度概率特性的基础上,提出一种基于LABMBAD算法的整周模糊度概率分布函数的检验方法。实际演算表明该方法简单有效,统计概念明确。     

InSAR datum connection using GNSS-augmented radar transponders

Deformation estimates from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) are relative: they form a ‘free’ network referred to an arbitrary datum, e.g. by assuming a reference point in the image to be stable. However, some applications require ‘absolute’ InSAR estimates, i.e. expressed in a well-defined terrestrial reference frame, e.g. to compare InSAR results with those of other techniques. We propose a methodology based on collocated InSAR and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, achieved by rigidly attaching phase-stable millimetre-precision compact active radar transponders to GNSS antennas. We demonstrate this concept through a simulated example and practical case studies in the Netherlands.     

林业小班数据属性编码转换的实现技术

针对数字林业工作中大数据量小班数据在不同编码体系下属性编码转换的现实需求,研究基于关系数据库的小班数据属性编码的大批量、高效转换技术,并利用计算机对其进行编程实现。经实际应用证实该技术在大数据量小班数据属性编码转换中的便捷与高效。     

Optimal multi-step collocation: application to the space-wise approach for GOCE data analysis

Collocation is widely used in physical geodesy. Its application requires to solve systems with a dimension equal to the number of observations, causing numerical problems when many observations are available. To overcome this drawback, tailored step-wise techniques are usually applied. An example of these step-wise techniques is the space-wise approach to the GOCE mission data processing. The original idea of this approach was to implement a two-step procedure, which consists of first predicting gridded values at satellite altitude by collocation and then deriving the geo-potential spherical harmonic coefficients by numerical integration. The idea was generalized to a multi-step iterative procedure by introducing a time-wise Wiener filter to reduce the highly correlated observation noise. Recent studies have shown how to optimize the original two-step procedure, while the theoretical optimization of the full multi-step procedure is investigated in this work. An iterative operator is derived so that the final estimated spherical harmonic coefficients are optimal with respect to the Wiener–Kolmogorov principle, as if they were estimated by a direct collocation. The logical scheme used to derive this optimal operator can be applied not only in the case of the space-wise approach but, in general, for any case of step-wise collocation. Several numerical tests based on simulated realistic GOCE data are performed. The results show that adding a pre-processing time-wise filter to the two-step procedure of data gridding and spherical harmonic analysis is useful, in the sense that the accuracy of the estimated geo-potential coefficients is improved. This happens because, in its practical implementation, the gridding is made by collocation over local patches of data, while the observation noise has a time-correlation so long that it cannot be treated inside the patch size. Therefore, the multi-step operator, which is in theory equivalent to the two-step operator and to the direct collocation, is in practice superior thanks to the time-wise filter that reduces the noise correlation before the gridding. The criteria for the choice of this filter are investigated numerically.     

海面微波散射与风生波短波谱

从海面微波散射的物理机制出发 ,在短波平衡范围条件下 ,讨论了风生波短波谱形式 ,通过对不同波段的微波散射数据分析 ,建立起能适应相当宽微波波段 ( 0 .42 8— 34.4GHz)的海面微波散射模型。文中对若干个波段的微波散射系数进行了试算 ,并与实测资料进行了比较 ,结果是令人满意的     

特大型桥梁施工GPS高程控制网技术研究

探索了采用GPS技术建立桥梁施工高程控制网的难点及关键问题,分析了GPS跨河高程传递测量方法的技术要点,结合工程实例得出了一些结论和建议。     

一种基于多约束的空间聚类方法

借助Delaunay三角网构建空间邻近关系的优势,通过施加不同层次、不同类型的约束,提出一种空间聚类的新方法。通过试验分析与比较发现,该算法可以探测复杂结构的空间簇,对噪声点稳健,并且能够同时顾及实体间空间位置与专题属性的相似性。     

Research on radar emitter attribute recognition method

In order to solve emitter recognition problems in a practical reconnaissance environment, attribute mathematics is introduced. The basic concepts and theory of attribute set and attribute measure are described in detail. A new attribute recognition method based on attribute measure is presented in this paper. Application example is given, which demonstrates this new method is accurate and effective. Moreover, computer simulation for recognizing the emitter purpose is selected, and compared with classical statistical pattern recognition through simulation. The excellent experimental results demonstrate that this is a brand-new attribute recognition method as compared to existing statistical pattern recognition techniques.     

多源地理空间矢量数据关联模型设计

多源地理空间矢量数据之间存在着隐含的关联关系,这些关联关系往往隐式存在,难以直观展示,也难以与空间数据映射交互展示,更无法进行查询分析,获取所需信息。针对这种情况,本文以多源地理空间矢量数据及统计数据为研究对象,首先定义了多源地理空间矢量数据关联的概念及分类,然后以此为基础设计了多源地理空间矢量数据关联模型,并将其分为3个子模型：基于自适应四叉树编码的空间关联子模型、基于几何匹配的空间关联子模型及基于语义匹配的空间关联子模型。该模型定义了多源地理空间矢量数据之间的关联方式,为关联关系的构建奠定了理论基础。     

Adaptive Progressive Band Selection for Dimensionality Reduction in Hyperspectral Images

One of the challenging problems in processing high dimensional data, as hyperspectral images, with better spectral and temporal resolution is the computational complexity resulting from processing the huge amount of data volume. Various methods have been developed in the literature for dimensionality reduction, generally divided into two main techniques: data transformation techniques and features selection techniques. The feature selection technique is advantageous compared to transformation techniques in preserving the original data. However, deciding the appropriate number of features to be selected and choosing these features are very challenging since they require exhaustive researches. The progressive feature selection technique is a new concept recently introduced to address these issues based on priority criteria. However, this approach presents limits when these criteria are insufficient or depends on domain applications. In this paper, we present a new approach to improve the Progressive Feature Selection technique by adding new criteria that measure the amount of information present in each band. The endmembers extraction phase of the proposed approach includes both the N-FINDR and the ATGP algorithms. A case based reasoning system is used to choose the optimal criterion for the endmember extraction. The performances of this proposed approach were evaluated using AVIRIS hyperspectral image and the obtained results prove its effectiveness compared to other PBS techniques.     

基于MODIS数据的雪面温度遥感反演

通过对Planck函数在低温范围内进行线性化,改进了针对MODIS数据的实用性分裂窗算法,建立了基于MODIS数据的中纬度地区雪面温度遥感反演方法。以环青海湖地区为研究区进行了算法应用,取得了较理想的效果。验证并分析了雪面温度与海拔高度的负相关关系。通过对下垫面相对均一的3个样区进行分析,讨论了雪面温度与归一化积雪指数的关系,并提出了"NDSI-Ts空间"的概念。     

THE EVOLUTION OF DIGITALPHOTOGRAMMETRYFROM ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

The evolution of digital photogrammetry from analytical photogrammetry is outlined, partly by considering the methods employed, but with the main emphasis on mathematical and physical principles. A fundamental distinction is obvious from the nature of the primary information measurement data: the image co-ordinates with analytical photogrammetry and the digital image grey values with digital photogrammetry. For both techniques, appropriate Gauss-Markov evaluation procedures are compared. The relevant relationships between image space data and object space models are presented; radiometric considerations play a more important role than before. The evaluation of digital image grey value data is no longer based on digital image correlation. Instead, a new principle of image inversion has been introduced by directly back-projecting grey values of an image on to object space models. The numerical procedures of digital photogrammetry need some stabilisation by appropriate regularisation elements. The new concept of digital photogrammetry may be applied to imagery from almost any sensor.     

基于B／S模式的测绘实验室管理系统

随着Internet技术的快速发展,越来越多的管理系统倾向于建立基于网络的管理系统。为了充分利用现有的发展成果,彻底改变测绘实验室传统的人工管理方式,更好地发挥测绘实验室在人才培养方面的基础保障作用,采用VisualStudio2008（CJHJ）作为开发工具,运用ASP．NET发布动态网页,SQLServer作为后台数据库服务器设计开发了测绘实验室管理系统,实现测绘实验室的网络化、数字化管理,提高管理效率,具有很好的推广应用价值。     

CCLID不完全复位噪声及复位噪声的消除

本文采用两次复位的方法解决了“不完全复位噪声”的消除问题;在综合分析1728CCLID输出级的复位噪声源的基础上,应用相关概念分析了CDS抑制技术的物理基础、实现条件及要解决的实际问题;据此设计出了比传统的CDS电路性能优越、实用、可完全消除1728CCLID复位噪声的CDS电路。     

Overcoming challenges in developing more usable pedestrian navigation systems

This article presents an overview of a research project focusing on improving the usability of pedestrian navigation systems by following a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach. One of the main problems with those systems is how to adequately support and enhance the spatial interactions of a traveler to new urban areas, which is crucial for successful self-orienting and wayfinding. The methodology employed allows for conceptualizing, implementing and evaluating research prototypes that aim to satisfy the special user requirements. Outlined in this article are the techniques designed and integrated in the developed prototype, the methods used for their evaluation through field-based studies and the challenges encountered during this process. New techniques with a measurable impact on the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of navigation were tested and found to dramatically enhance the sense of personal geo-identification in new places. Examples of those techniques are landmark visibility indication, multi-path routing based on time availability, multi-perspective landmark photos and reverse overview + detail maps. Overall, the outcomes of this research verify the capacity of UCD to help overcoming current usability issues with pedestrian navigation systems. By demonstrating an effective UCD methodology and discussing the lessons learned, we intend to aid the development of next generation navigation appliances.     

基于地理国情监测的唐帝陵文物保护研究

结合地理国情普查试点工作的技术和方法,以唐代14座帝陵（献陵、昭陵、乾陵、定陵、桥陵、泰陵、建陵、崇陵、丰陵、景陵、光陵、端陵、贞陵、靖陵）为对象,详细阐述了陕西省唐帝陵文物保护监测生产过程中地理国情要素信息的提取方法,监测对比分析1956年前后与2013年前后唐帝陵周边地表覆盖变化情况,为实施陕西省唐帝陵等重点文物的保护提供依据。     

海南环岛理论最低潮面形态曲线模型研究

在分析了海南海洋测量深度基准建立现状基础上,提出在海南建立环岛理论最低潮面形态曲线模型的概念,并分析了建立该模型的具体方法,对解决海洋测量深度基准问题具有一定的指导意义.     

大型遥感图像处理系统中集成数据库设计及应用

大型遥感图像处理应用系统中，往往需要实时获取各种背景或专题数据，该过程即是数据动态集成过程。集成数据库是建立在各种专题数据基础上的数据集成使用框架体系，该文描述了集成数据库的结构及各类子库的组成，根据项目的特殊需求提出了虚拟数据库概念，并结合实例说明了集成数据库以元数据为链条的使用机制与方法。