北京市延庆县红果寺炼镁用白云岩矿床地质特征及意义

红果寺炼镁用白去是北京地区普查评价的第二个炼镁用白云岩矿床。矿体呈层状，单斜构造，赋存于雾迷山组三段地层中，出露较高，位于侵蚀基准面之上，适于露采。该矿的发现法区在北京地区此类矿产的勘查和白云岩的深层次开发利用，具一定意义。     

山西最佳炼镁白云岩的地质分布

山西最佳炼镁白云岩的地质分布刘探宝，林枫（冶金工业部第三地质勘查局）１炼镁白云岩的工业要求据国标ＧＢ３４９９－８３规定，成品镁锭分为三级（表１）。按国家炼镁技术对原料白云岩的化学成分要求是：ＭｇＯ≥２０％，ＳｉＯ＿２＜１．５％，Ｒ＿２Ｏ＿３酸不溶物总...     

绛县沟东洼冶镁白云岩矿地质特征及成因类型

通过系统的地质填图、探槽揭露及采样分析,对绛县沟东洼地区三山子组冶镁白云岩进行了矿体圈定,并进行了资源量估算。从地层构造、矿石结构类型及化学品质等方面,分析了该区冶镁白云岩矿的地质特征;并结合沉积环境及矿石结构构造对白云岩的成因类型进行了分析,认为本区冶镁白云岩矿床为准同生期白云岩。     

中国金属镁工业的环境效应与可持续发展

中国的优质白云岩、菱镁矿资源丰富,为发展金属镁工业提供了良好条件。20世纪90年代末,以相对浪费能源、资源和牺牲区域环境质量为代价,依赖皮江法炼镁技术,中国发展成为世界上金属镁生产和出口的第一大国。现今中国社会和经济发展面临的能源、资源和环境挑战,决定了必须对皮江法炼镁技术进行变革,以实现金属镁工业的清洁生产和节约发展。以优质白云岩为原料,经煅烧和钙镁分离,生产轻质碳酸钙和氧化镁,进而采用碳热还原法提取金属镁的技术,较之传统的皮江法具有资源利用率高、节能高效、且可完全实现清洁生产等优势。这一创新技术体系,将在现今中国国情背景下,引导金属镁工业步入可持续发展之路,符合建立资源节约型、环境友好型国家的要求。     

对次生白云岩研究方法的探讨

次生白云岩化的問题,在1956年第10期地質知識上A·C·瓦良卓夫同志,曾以「論次生白云岩」为題作了介紹。由於次生白云岩的賦存和一定类型的矿床有关,因此对次生白云岩的研究是很有实际意义的。虽然我们对於次生白云岩研究很少,对研究的方法也很陌生,但笔者仍願就个人見聞,加以整理,提出討論意見,希望能通过討論找出对次生白云岩更进一步的研究力法,找出次生白云岩化与某种矿床的相生規律,达到利於找矿和勘探的目的。     

山西省盂县羊泉冶镁白云岩矿床地质特征、成因及经济意义研究

金属镁是新世纪重要的绿色金属能源,而冶镁白云岩是生产金属镁不可缺少的原料,是山西省能源重化工基地的一种十分重要的矿产资源.盂县羊泉冶镁白云岩矿床位于吕梁、太行断块-五台山块隆东侧,白云岩矿体赋存于寒武系上统-奥陶系下统三山子组,总体上呈走向NW、倾向SW的单斜构造.含矿岩石主要为中-厚层细-粗晶白云岩,粉晶-细晶或中粗晶粒状结构,块状或薄层状构造.矿床的形成演化经历了沉积-白云岩化-重结晶三个阶段.矿体平均品位ω(MgO)为21.20％、ω(SiO2)为0.67％、ω(K2O+ Na2O)为0.076％,品位变化较均匀.该区共求得冶镁用白云岩矿资源量约3.45亿吨,属一大型矿山,具有较大的开发前景.     

一种新的石棉矿床类型——集安石棉矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

本文简介了集安石棉矿的区域地质概况后,较详细的论述了矿床地质特征,着重讨论了矿床成因问题,比较系统的提出一种新的石棉矿床类型。在矿床学研究和找矿勘探方面有一定实际意义。集安石棉矿床,以往一直被认为属白云岩型蛇纹石石棉矿床。但该矿床的成因与国内外这类矿床迥然     

四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩特征及成因探讨

白云岩特征及其形成机制的研究对白云岩化理论与白云岩储集层勘探具有重要意义。本文以四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩为研究对象,通过野外剖面及岩心观察并采用铸体薄片、阴极发光、地球化学分析等方法对该段白云岩特征及成因进行研究。结果表明川西北地区栖霞组白云岩主要表现为块状晶粒白云岩、角砾状白云岩及斑状白云岩3种类型;碳同位素为正低值,氧同位素为负值,反映出其成岩过程中伴有早期淡水参与。结合工区构造沉积背景,对比以往经典白云岩化模式,发现四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩化成因模式具有一定自身特点。通过对Folk “镁笼效应”理论进行延伸,认为栖霞组白云岩化模式在纵向上分为淡水渗流带、混合渗流带、混合潜流带及海水潜流带4个区带,其中混合渗流带和混合潜流带是白云岩发育的主要位置。在混合渗流带中,淡水与海水交替进入,未完全成岩的海洋沉积物质在成岩过程中受到淡水冲洗导致大量镁离子随淡水流入下部地层,而后又有海水携带镁离子进行补给,这为白云石形成提供了有利条件;混合潜流带内不断进入的混合流体携大量镁离子使得该带具有较高Mg/Ca值;而地幔上涌造成的地温升高克服了白云石形成的动力学屏障,有效促进了白云岩的形成。     

贵州纳雍枝大型铅锌矿床成矿地质条件分析

纳雍枝铅锌矿床位于贵州中部五指山背斜南东翼,是贵州省境内发现的第一个大型铅锌矿床。本文利用矿床勘探和开发的最新地质资料,从成矿背景、构造、地层、岩性和岩相等方面分析了成矿地质条件。结果表明,五指山背斜控制了矿床的分布,区内与该背斜轴向近于平行的深断裂为成矿流体运移提供了有利通道,构造破碎带和地层层间破碎带为成矿提供了良好空间,赋矿地层下寒武统清虚洞组成矿元素高背景值为成矿提供了物质基础,地层中的白云岩和泥质白云岩为重要赋矿岩性,上部泥质白云岩(砂泥质层)+中部瘤状似瘤状白云岩或细-中晶白云岩+下上部泥质白云岩岩性组合是成矿的关键,有利矿化富集的地段是洼地微相、滩丘微相和过渡微相的急变带,沉积微相变化营造了良好的成矿环境。     

四川大梁子和天宝山铅锌矿床成矿地球化学研究

位于四川南部的会东县大梁子铅锌矿床和会理县天宝山铅锌矿床是我国川滇黔铅锌矿富集区内的两个重要矿床.矿床赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩和硅质白云岩中.通过对矿区外围的白云岩和硅质白云岩的Pb、Zn、Cd、Ga成矿元素的富集特征及铅锌矿床的矿石和闪锌矿中分散元素镉镓富集规律研究,认为大梁子和天宝山铅锌矿床的成矿物质主要来源于灯影组白云岩和硅质白云岩.     

Causes of salinization of the Gulf of Taganrog

Using the database of automatic hydrometeorological stations, installed in the Don RIver delta and Taganrog Bay seashore, the sources of the anomalois scale water negative surge and salinization of the Azov Sea under conditions of low river flow in 2015–2016 are studied. The new schemes of stratification and advection of salty sea waters in the Don River mouth under different weather conditions, water discharge and levels are given.     

A review of theories of mechanisms of induced seismicity

Theories of the physical processes leading to the stimulation of seismic activity by underground explosions, fluid injection, and reservoir impoundment are summarized. In all cases, the materials must be pre-stressed to a substantial fraction of their breaking strength in order for seismicity to be induced. Stress concentrations due to the presence of old faults or to inhomogeneities in the material properties play an important role in localizing induced seismicity.

For the few cases for which data are available, the stimulation of earthquakes by fluid injection in bore holes is adequately explained by a Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion and the concept of effective pressure in a water-filled porous mechanism. Reservoir-related earthquakes are most likely due to the same mechanism, but, in view of the low injection pressures, additional physical or chemical effects of the water on the materials may play an important role. There may be a weakening of the materials in old fault zones by the introduction of water or static fatigue in silicate rocks due to stress corrosion.     

国际水文地质学家协会进展

国际水文地质学家协会成立于1956年。1985年资深的中国专家出席了第17届和18届国际水文地质大会,自那时以来,越来越多的中国代表出席了该学会的学术会议。中国分会于1987年建立,并组织相关活动。中国的协会成员近年来不断增加。国际水文地质大会曾在中国举办两次,第21届大会于1988年在桂林市举行,第34届大会于2006年在北京举行。多年来,在我国每年都举行水文地质学和地下水科学学术会议。协会主办的《Hydrogeology Journal》期刊编委会中有很多中国和华裔学者,中国分会负责论文摘要的中文翻译。协会的图书系列在我国广泛传播,促进了中国地下水科学的发展。该协会近期提出了水文地质战略系列,已经发布的九个专题分别是:生态系统与地下水、能源与地下水、粮食安全与地下水、全球变化与地下水、人类健康与地下水、城市与地下水、联合国2030年可持续发展目标、采矿业与地下水,以及气候变化适应地下水,指导了地下水资源和水文地质科学的发展。     

深基坑边坡支护方式的现状

根据目前国内边坡支护工作中的主要方式,将深基坑边坡支护按其结构的受力状态和支护的作用原理进行分类,详细论述了各种深基坑边坡支护方式的机制和适用条件,对今后岩土工程的实际工作具有一定的参考作用。     

沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响的数值仿真分析

结合爆破数值模拟中爆破荷载的特点,分析了各种荷载施加方法的特点及爆破震动场模拟的要求,基于圣维南荷载等效原理,提出了爆破荷载的等效施加方法,即将作用在炮孔壁上的爆破荷载等效后,施加在同排炮孔中心线或者面上来模拟爆破荷载的作用。结果表明,等效施加方法在近区存在一定差异,但在中远区吻合得较好。利用该等效荷载施加方法,采用三维实体模型计算分析了某沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响,计算了周围不同位置、不同深度位置处的振动响应,并在此基础上,分析研究了减小爆破振动对既有结构物影响的减振措施,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

Reaction of zoning of garnet

Compositional zoning of garnet in metamorphic or igneous rocks preserves evidence of the equilibration history of the sample and can be interpreted in terms of a growth-fractionation, diffusion-exchange, or diffusion-reaction model. Diffusion zoning is usually assumed to result from exchange reactions between garnet and other phases as the partitioning coefficient varies in response to changing environmental conditions, primarily temperature. However, in many natural environments where garnet grew originally in divariant equilibrium with other phases, changing conditions can promote continuous or “divariant” reactions and consequent compositional shifts of phases that can be much greater in some systems showing these reactions than those related to the small changes of partitioning. Diffusional zoning related to overstepping of these continuous reactions must be related to incongruent reaction and necessitates formulation of a kinetic diffusion-reaction model involving moving phase boundaries as well as solid-state diffusion. Three samples containing zoned garnets from the metamorphic aureole around the Ronda ultramafic intrusion in southern Spain are used to illustrate two possible models of diffusion-reaction processes. The examples are particularly informative because the reactions are demonstrably irreversible and evidence of the reaction system is preserved. Partitioning data indicates that compositions of product phases are not in equilibrium with the original garnet and do not vary with extent of reaction; therefore, exchange reactions with garnet were not possible and garnet changed composition only by incongruent reaction. After a small amount of reaction, Mg/Fe of the rim composition approaches a value apparently in equilibrium with product phases, but the garnets are zoned inward to the original garnet composition preserved in the interior. Grossularite content is approximately constant and spessartite content variable but small, thus, the rim composition of pyrope or almandine is assumed to be fixed by the external reaction process and is taken as a boundary condition in the following models. The zoning profile of pyrope or almandine component between the fixed rim and core compositions (assumed to extend to ∞) is described in semiinfinite, half-space models appropriate for large garnets with narrow rims. The first model corresponds to a reaction system in which all garnet compositions are metastable (case 1) and zoning depends on the independent variables of the diffusion constant, velocity of the interface between garnet and matrix, and time. The second model, corresponding to systems in which the initial garnet composition is metastable but an equilibrium composition is stable (case 2), depends on the independent variables diffusion constant, time, and a function of reaction compositions. In case 1 the consumption velocity is assumed constant and a steady state zoning profile is reached at large time, whereas, in case 2, the velocity decreases with the concentration gradient and steady state is not possible. The models were tested using a reaction time estimated from cooling models of the aureole, mass of garnet consumed, determined petrographically, and phase compositions. The two cases are somewhat independent in that different parameters are independent variables. The estimate of the diffusion constant of 10^?18±2 cm²/sec (assumed to be a mutual or binary coefficient for almandine and pyrope) is considered reasonable for the temperature range of reaction (probably 600–900° C), and the two models are consistent considering the probable error and possible real temperature differences. It is obvious that details of the metamorphic reaction system must be known to successfully apply diffusion models. Kinetic models, involving consumption or growth of the phase as well as diffusion are probably necessary when dealing with natural rocks. Several possible and interesting complications, such as cross coupling between components, can be investigated if more data were available. Experimental determination of diffusion constants allow natural reaction rates to be estimated by this method. Diffusion zoning is an important consideration that could increase the efficiency of experimentation with chemically recalcitrant phases.     

Effect of pretreatment of the electrokinetic properties of quartz

Effects of various commonly used pretreatments such as desliming, ultrasonic scrubbing and leaching with dilute nitric, hydrofluoric and sodium hydroxide solutions on the electrokinetic properties of quartz in aqueous solutions are reported. The study showed that treatments with various reagents often used in mineral processing research in the past to clean minerals can affect, sometimes severly, the electrokinetic properties of quartz. The change in these properties during subsequent aging is also found to be governed by the type of treatment used. This study also shows the need in mineral research for standardization of mineral preparation techniques in order that the discrepancy in data reported for surface properties in literature can be minimized.     

深部岩体多孔介质流变模型的研究

考虑到传统流变模型在反映载荷水平影响和描述加速蠕变阶段方面的缺陷,在改进传统流变元件模型的基础上,引入非理想黏性元件,建立了在数学上能体现载荷水平影响并能描述加速蠕变的新的改进流变模型;同时从定义出发,考虑到孔隙度的动态性,对孔隙度和通用有效应力公式进行修正;鉴于岩体的孔隙性和不均匀性,把岩体看作多孔介质,应用多孔介质理论中的有效应力代替改进岩土流变模型中的恒应力,计入温度和孔隙压的影响,最终建立了深部（高温度、高地压和高孔隙压）岩体多孔介质流变模型。     

Address of the retiring President of the International Association of Sedimentologists: Differences in size distributions of populations of particles among sands of various origins

This address reminisces and reflects on a subject in which I have been involved for more than twenty years: the effect of depositional processes on various parameters of the size-frequency distribution of sands. Movements of air and water generally separate particles by their sizes; the distribution of sizes relates to (1) the availability of different sizes of particles in a parent material, (2) processes operating where the sediments are deposited, particularly the competency of flow, and (3) concentrations of particles in suspension. Differences in size-frequency distributions among sands correlate with various origins, that is with their terminal depositional environments. Reminiscences in this address express my personal experience, both its up and downs, in advocating the study of this relationship, particularly in applying the method of moments on the basis of the concept that one statistical function expresses the characteristics of the population of particles. This address re-emphasizes some points made in previous studies (Friedman, 1961, 1962b, 1967) on the interrelationship between textural parameters and depositional processes for beach, dune, and river sands and then complements and supplements data which have not been presented before. These new data are grouped on scatter plots for sands of various origins. Finally, this address displays on maps regional trends of process-induced changes in size distributions of populations of particles in sands of four different settings: (1) a beach-dune setting, as exemplified by Padre Island, Texas, on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico; (2) a point-bar setting in the Arkansas River of Oklahoma; (3) a continental shelf-slope setting in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama; and (4) a continental shelf setting of the western Atlantic Ocean off New Jersey. This address concludes with the observation that the distribution of particles in sands will be influenced by the conditions that determine what happens in the depositional environment, hence statistical parameters that define the size-frequency distribution may be related to formative process.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7富铀烃源岩铀的赋存状态

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长组长7段是一套深湖相富铀烃源岩,铀含量很高,其矿物学特点是富含胶磷矿、草莓状黄铁矿、有机质等.通过光片、扫描电镜、电子探针、能谱分析、α放射性照相等研究方法,分析了长7段富铀烃源岩中铀的赋存状态,结果表明铀除了以类质同象赋存于胶磷矿中,以及以吸附态赋存于黄铁矿和有机质中以外,还在长7富铀烃源岩中...