大兴安岭东部花岗岩类锆石饱和温度及其地质意义

通过对花岗岩锆石饱和温度的计算,求得大兴安岭东部不同时代花岗岩浆的起源温度,为探讨花岗岩的形成条件和构造背景提供重要信息。计算结果表明,大兴安岭地区早古生代花岗岩、部分晚古生代I 型花岗岩( ＜ 300 Ma) 、晚古生代A 型花岗岩( 260 ～ 290 Ma) 属于高温花岗岩,高热的产生与造山后伸展构造背景导致的软流圈上涌/幔源岩浆的底侵作用有关; 部分晚古生代I 型花岗岩 ( ＞ 300 Ma) 及侏罗纪花岗岩属于低温花岗岩,可能反映了一种有流体参与的与俯冲有关的构造背景; 白垩纪I 型花岗岩的锆石饱和温度与侏罗纪花岗岩基本相同,属低温花岗岩,其形成可能与流体的加入有关,流体可能来自古太平洋俯冲板片残留体; 而白垩纪A 型花岗岩属高温花岗岩,高热的产生可能与白垩纪时期板内伸展构造体制下岩石圈减薄导致的地幔岩浆底侵有关。     

扬子克拉通西缘穹状变形变质体的类型与成因

扬子克拉通西缘呈分散状产出的一系列穹状变形交质体，按其结构特征与成因，可将其划分为变质核杂岩，岩浆核杂岩，片麻岩穹隆和构造穹隆四种类型。造山后期—期后，深部上隆，浅部伸展，局部岩浆活动和造山期深熔花岗岩底辟侵位所引起的地壳局部隆升与伸展，是形成该区变质核杂岩和岩浆核杂岩的主要原因；片麻岩穹隆和构造穹隆，则分别为双向挤压收缩体制下，局部熔融—重熔花岗岩同构造被动侵位，和单纯的构造变形与叠加变形形成。它们具不同的时、空分布和控矿特征，是扬子克拉通西缘造山过程中不同构造坏境，不同演化阶段和不同构造体制下的产物。     

嫩江—黑河晚古生代碰撞过程的岩石构造建造学响应

根据嫩江—黑河地区古生代地质体岩石组合特征,恢复原岩建造类型,并在分析岩浆作用、变质作用、构造组合关系及同位素年代学资料基础上,探讨嫩江—黑河晚古生代陆陆碰撞带的形成机制。研究认为,早石炭世兴安地块和松嫩地块开始沿嫩江—黑河一线汇聚拼贴,早石炭世洋陆俯冲阶段形成了岛弧与弧后盆地沉积;晚石炭世—早二叠世陆陆碰撞过程中形成花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩侵位;早二叠世碰撞后伸展阶段形成了中二叠世弧后残余盆地。总体具有从俯冲-碰撞造山向造山后伸展演化的特点。     

初论微陆块在中亚造山带演化中的作用:以锡林浩特微陆块为例

镶嵌状拼合在中亚造山带众多的古老陆壳块体或微陆块,是前期古亚洲洋的特征之一。本文重点讨论的是锡林浩特微陆块,组成微陆块基底的锡林郭勒杂岩既经历了早古生代的构造热事件,也保留了前寒武纪的古老锆石。当晚古生代(C2—P1)造山带遭受到强烈的伸展变形和底侵作用时,锡林浩特微陆块又起到支柱作用:当微陆块的南、北边缘发生裂谷活动时,微陆块内部却保持了稳定的滨-浅海相沉积环境;在微陆块受到来自上地幔的底侵作用时,微陆块通过伸展背景下非造山的双峰式岩浆活动,及其与微陆块再次重熔有关的碱性花岗岩侵位,使得陆壳发生进一步的垂向增生和固结,保持了造山带的构造格局。本文讨论的正是在底侵作用的深部背景下认识该区在晚石炭世出现的一些独特的地质现象。     

开合构造环境下花岗岩体的构造样式与变形差异

传统研究认为,大量花岗岩体的侵入发生于区域性伸展环境,是碰撞造山后应力松弛阶段侵位的,称之为造山后或非造山侵入体。近年来,对造山带和古岩浆弧的深入研究发现,花岗岩不但可以侵位于伸展构造环境,也可侵位于挤压构造环境(同构造侵入体),两者在三维空间形态、宏观尺度、露头尺度、显微尺度上的构造样式与变形往往是不同的。区分2类不同构造样式的岩体,对于分析区域构造和造山带演化有着重要的意义。     

花岗岩构造与侵位机制研究进展

近年来对造山带花岗岩构造与侵位机制的研究表明，花岗岩不但可以侵位在区域伸展的构造背景，也可以侵位在区域挤压（缩短）的构造背景。花岗岩侵位受断裂的控制并不是像以前认为的那样明显，而是受多种侵位机制的共同作用，而构造样式和变形组构则是侵位机制研究的基础。提出了一些新的研究思路和方法。此外，对大别山中生代花岗岩构造、侵位机制作了简要讨论。     

“吕梁运动”新认识

吕梁运动(1.90~1.70 Ga)长久以来被认为是华北克拉通最终稳定固结的造山运动.事实上, 在古元古代末期华北克拉通以伸展-裂解构造为主, 表现为拗拉谷系发育、非造山岩浆活动(环斑花岗岩、斜长岩、辉长岩、花岗岩类及伟晶岩脉等)、大规模基性岩墙群侵位以及早期变质基底隆升或退变质构造热事件等.对已有的大量同位素年代学资料分析后证明, 这一时期的岩浆侵位与基底构造-热事件在时间上的分布具有多峰式特点, 克拉通基底隆升退变质事件滞后于岩浆侵位, 明显区别于造山带普遍记录的构造变形-变质-岩浆侵位的事件序列.古元古代末期构造格局的重新认识, 为我国克拉通在元古代超大陆中的再造模式提供了最基本的制约条件.      

新疆东准噶尔纸房地区早古生代花岗岩的确定及其地质意义

纸房花岗岩体位于新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里构造带北侧。该岩体侵入的最新地层为中-上奥陶统荒草坡群, 并被晚志留世及早泥盆世地层不整合覆盖。对纸房花岗岩进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年, 获得的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(463±7)~(436±4) Ma, 表明该岩体形成于晚奥陶世-早志留世, 是早古生代岩浆活动的产物。对已有的区域地质资料、岩体侵位时代及其与围岩接触关系进行综合分析后认为, 纸房花岗岩体的形成时代大致对应于卡拉麦里构造带内区域性角度不整合的形成时间, 推测该岩体为早古生代造山过程中形成的花岗质岩石。高Sr、低Yb、弱的Eu负异常等地球化学特征也显示其为埃达克型同造山花岗岩。纸房地区早古生代同造山花岗岩的存在为东准噶尔卡拉麦里构造带早古生代造山作用的确认提供了证据。      

天山早古生代花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

天山早古生代花岗岩普遍发育片麻状构造或者发生糜棱岩化，主要是由于受到后来构造——变形热事件影响的结果．锆石U-Pb定年结果显示．天山早古生代花岗岩形成于380-490Ma,目前主要产出在具有元古代基底的中天山构造带中，在霍拉山一带也应该具有一定的规模．它们的岩石地球化学不显示活动大陆边缘花岗岩的特点，而是具有铝质A型花岗岩的特征．它们的形成可能与南天山洋南支的扩张过程有关，或者与早古生代的一次造山过程的晚期伸展阶段有关．     

秦岭造山带晚三叠世花岗岩体侵位深度及其构造意义

秦岭造山带广泛分布的晚三叠世花岗岩是华南板块和华北板块碰撞形成的典型产物，是造山带转入区域伸展构造体制的标志。目前关于秦岭造山带的研究主要集中在地球化学和年代学方面，而有关花岗岩侵位的温压等物理化学条件研究则相对较少。本文通过角闪石全铝压力计和角闪石-斜长石温度计计算，获得其温压数据。结果显示，糜署岭、老君山、秦岭梁、东江口岩体的侵位深度分别为11.4、7.3、8.3、8.5 km,对应于地壳中上部。糜署岭岩体主要为花岗闪长岩，侵位深度大于其余岩体(二长花岗岩),而且岩体的侵位深度主要和岩性有关。利用侵位深度和已发表的热年代学数据，对这些岩体侵位后的剥蚀速率进行估算，结果表明T₃-J₂的平均剥蚀速率约为140 m/Ma,说明燕山运动和印亚碰撞对秦岭造山带花岗岩的剥蚀贡献不大。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861