基于通量均衡基准的地壳垂直形变场逼近的Fourier分析法

本文根据地壳运动的全球通量均衡假说建立了地壳垂直形变场的分析模型,分析了以往作者所研究的球谐函数和球冠谐函数模型的优缺点,着重推导了在密切平面坐标系下该模型的Fourier级数解,该模型一方面可以简单地应用于地壳垂直形变场的逼近,另一方面为采用谱分析法提取地壳垂直形变场信息提供了理论依据。     

地壳垂直运动的均衡理论及其分析模型

介绍了地壳垂直运动均衡理论并根据全球通量均衡假说建立了壳垂直运动的动力学模型（具有第二边值条件的Laplace方程），在球面近似下运用该模型拟了渤海湾地区的地壳垂直运动形变场并编制了等值线图，获得了满意的结果。     

地壳垂直形变场逼近的球冠谐分析法

基于地壳垂直运动的均衡理论,讨论了球谐函数法用于区域地壳垂直形变场逼近时所存在的问题,提出并推导了球冠谐分析法逼近区域地壳垂直形变场的模型.并利用该模型对两个实际区域进行了试验,取得了良好的效果.     

地壳垂直形变场拟合技术在中国的发展

综述了自 80年代末以来地壳垂直形变场模拟技术在中国的发展情况 ,主要介绍了中国学者对多面函数拟合法的发展以及中国学者独立提出的一些拟合方法 :富里叶分析法、小波分析法和经验正交分解法 ,基于地球动力学的通量均衡基准的地壳垂直形变模型和综合地壳形变模型。并对它们的优缺点加以评述 ,对未来的发展作了初步展望     

基于块体模型的青藏高原及邻区地壳三维构造形变分析

2020珠峰高程测量,获得了丰富的青藏高原及邻区的GNSS监测数据。本文收集了陆态网、尼泊尔CORS网GNSS长期观测数据,计算了该地区20多年GNSS三维速度场,利用GRACE模型精化了垂直速度场,通过活动块体模型,从地壳运动、块体运动与应变、块体相对运动等多个方面研究了青藏高原地壳运动与构造形变特征。研究表明,青藏高原地壳形变具有明显的分区特征,南北向收缩主要表现在拉萨块体,东西向伸展主要表现在巴颜喀拉块体,中部羌塘块体没有明显水平挤压,但地壳隆升速率最大,且水平面积有扩大趋势,本文研究能够在一定程度上支持青藏高原地壳增厚学说。     

利用CORS站网监测温州-丽水区域环境负荷对地壳垂直形变和重力变化的影响

基于CORS(continuously operating reference stations)站网综合解算,采用负荷场移去恢复技术,研究了温州-丽水区域环境负荷引起的地壳垂直形变与地面重力时空变化,并与GRACE (gravity recovery and climate experiment)重力卫星结果进行比较。研究发现:①环境负荷对地壳垂直形变与重力变化的影响分别达到厘米和十几微伽量级,季节性变化特征显著;②冬季地壳垂直形变与重力变化分别呈现由西至东依次递减与增加趋势;③与GRACE结果相比,除局部区域存在差异,整体上时空变化趋势具有较高一致性;④CORS站网能够监测地表环境负荷引起的地壳垂直形变与重力场时空变化。该研究结果可为环境动力学研究与地质灾害监测预警提供重要参考。     

三角网法提取地壳垂直形变速率等值线

为深入分析并研究特定区域的地壳垂直形变趋势,本文以含高程变化量的离散地形数据点为基础,利用三角网法提取了地壳垂直形变速率等值线。结果表明,该方法具有一定的可行性与参考价值。     

地球科学相关论文摘要

04 0 4 0 1　地壳垂直形变场逼近的球冠谐分析法/张勤(长安大学)…∥测绘学报.- 2 0 0 4 ,33(1) .- 39～4 2基于地壳垂直运动的均衡理论,讨论了球谐函数法用于区域地壳垂直形变场逼近时所存在的问题,提出并推导了球冠谐分析法逼近区域地壳垂直形变场的模型,对两个实际区域的试验取得良好的效果。0 4 0 4 0 2　基于数据融合的侧扫声纳图像预处理/阳凡林(山东科技大学)…∥武汉大学学报(信息科学版) .- 2 0 0 4 ,2 9(5 ) .- 5 0 0～5 10提出了利用声线跟踪法进行斜距改正,处理了目标阴影区,改进了灰度不均衡的改正算法,利用小波变换检测出了灰…     

三峡库区蓄水后地壳垂直变形场的模拟与分析

基于三峡库区DEM及现有GPS站点位置坐标数据,建立了三峡库区有限元网格模型,采用弹性有限元分析方法模拟计算水库蓄水至135 m1、56 m和175 m时库区地壳的垂直形变场;随后根据Farrell提出的质量负载原理产生的地壳形变理论计算库区蓄水至135 m时的库区垂直形变场;通过两种模拟方法对比可以看出变形等值线圈都包络河谷线,变形最大处都出现在香溪段,同时区域沉降是一个综合地质作用,水体的重力作用是主要诱因。     

利用GPS连续观测进行中国沿海验潮站地壳垂直形变分析

利用中国沿海GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)业务化观测系统2009~2013年的GPS连续观测数据,在统一基准下分析了中国沿海22个长期验潮站的地壳垂直形变。分析结果表明,各验潮站高程时间序列的周期变化与潮汐变化具有较高的关联性;22个验潮站的地壳垂直形变趋势既具有小区域一致性,又存在显著的海区差异;研究验潮站地壳垂直形变,可以有效消除验潮站地壳形变对区域海平面变化的影响,实现海平面变化量的准确提取。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.