宁芜盆地深部地壳结构和岩浆侵入体形态特征及其对成矿的启示

在宁芜火山岩盆地部署了三条深反射地震剖面,通过精细的数据采集和处理,最终获得了高质量且可靠的深反射地震和初至波层析反演速度剖面。依据对反射结构和速度特征的分析,获得了以下认识:(1)利用层析反演速度成果刻画了岩浆侵入体在宁芜盆地深部空间的大体形态和分布范围;(2)依据深反射地震剖面反射同相轴和莫霍面结构特征,大体确定了深部岩浆侵入通道路径;(3)宁芜火山岩盆地下部地壳在6.0s上下位置发生解耦,在盆地正下方形成了地壳级别的鳄鱼嘴构造,控制着宁芜火山岩盆地深部的岩浆和构造活动;(4)阐明了宁芜火山岩盆地深部地壳结构和变形特征。这些成果的发现对探讨宁芜火山岩盆地深部成矿和动力学过程研究具有重要意义。     

我国东北小古里河-科洛-五大连池-二克山火山带钾质矿物成因及地质意义

东北黑龙江小古里河-科洛-五大连池-二克山火山岩带是我国近代保存最好的火山群之一,此带火山岩的岩石化学特点全都强碱富钾,K₂O/Na₂O>1.2,属于一套高钾过碱性火山岩。通过对东北钾质火山岩及金云母橄榄岩地幔捕虏体中钾质矿物金云母、白榴石的成分、结晶环境与岩浆成分及来源关系的研究,认为在岩石圈伸展构造背景下,地幔金云母橄榄岩的低度部分熔融形成钾质岩浆,钾质岩浆上升到地壳浅部经历了白榴石的结晶作用。岩浆演化晚期,因钾质矿物大量晶出导致岩浆相对富钠而出现他形霞石和方钠石等填隙矿物。火山岩及地幔捕虏体中富挥发分矿物金云母、白榴石、磷灰石、霞石和方钠石还提供了钾质岩浆富含H₂O、F、Cl、P等挥发分的证据。     

松辽盆地长岭断陷晚中生代火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

对松辽盆地长岭断陷南部钻井中2件晚中生代火山岩岩心样品开展SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和原位Lu-Hf同位素研究。火石岭组形成年代为125.3Ma±1.1Ma,晚于前人测得的K-Ar体系年龄,说明火石岭组火山岩在松辽盆地南部和北部是同期喷发的;火石岭组锆石的εHf(t)值为2.0~8.1,表明岩浆起源于新生地壳。基底火山岩年龄为173.6Ma±1.7Ma,锆石εHf(t)值为-8.8~+1.5,表明既有新生地壳又有老地壳物质再循环。这些锆石的εHf(t)值与兴蒙造山带东段同期锆石相似,表明二者具有相似起源。中国东北和台湾中生代晚期沉积地层中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱均记录了171~176Ma的峰值,说明此时古太平洋板块已经向欧亚大陆俯冲。并且,该期岩浆活动可能广泛分布在欧亚大陆的东缘,包括中国东南沿海、朝鲜半岛南部和中国东北地区。     

Geochemical investigation of a semi-continuous extrusive basaltic section from the Deccan Volcanic Province, India: implications for the mantle and magma chamber processes

Spatial and temporal variations in the geochemistry of an extrusive basaltic section of Deccan traps record progressive changes in mantle melting and crustal filtration and are relevant to understand continental flood basalt (CFB) magmatism. In the present work we have carried out detailed field, petrographic, density and magnetic susceptibility, and geochemical investigations on a small, semi-continuous extrusive section in the eastern Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) to understand the role of shallow magma chambers in CFB magmatism. Four formations, Ajanta, Chikhli, Buldhana and Karanja crop out in the Gangakhed–Ambajogai area with increasing elevation. Our studies indicate that: (1) the Karanja Formation represents a major magma addition, as indicated by abrupt change in texture, increases in MgO, CaO, Ni, Cr, and Sr, and drastic decreases in Al₂O₃, Na₂O, K₂O, Rb, Ba, REE, bulk-rock density and magnetic susceptibility; (2) assimilation fractional crystallization, crystal-laden magmas, and accessory cumulus phases influence the trace element chemistry of Deccan basalts; (3) the predicted cumulate sequence of olivine gabbro–leucogabbro–oxide-apatite gabbro is supported by the observed layered series in a shallow magma chamber within the DVP; (4) the initial magma was saturated with olivine, plagioclase, and augite, and final the pressure of equilibration for the Gangakhed–Ambajogai section basalts is ~2 kbar (~6 km depth); (5) petrophysical parameters act as proxies for magmatic processes; (6) a small layer of oxide-rich basalts may represent the latest erupted pulse in a given magmatic cycle in the DVP; (7) parental basalts to some of the red boles, considered as formation boundaries, might represent small degree partial melts of the mantle; (8) SW Deccan basaltic-types continue into the eastern DVP; and (9) in addition to the magma chamber processes, dynamic melting of the mantle may have controlled DVP geochemistry. The present study underscores the importance of mapping specific stratigraphic intervals in limited areas to understand mantle and magma chamber processes relevant to CFB magmatism.     

松辽盆地火山岩的同位素年代、地球化学特征及意义

沉积盆地内部的火山岩是研究盆地形成的构造环境以及探讨盆地发展演化的动力学特征的重要线索。松辽盆地具有二元结构特征，断陷构造层发育大量的火山岩。但是，前人尚未对比进行深入系统的研究。根据采自钻井岩芯的火山岩样品，通过同位素测年（K／Ar)和地球化学分析等结果，讨论了松辽盆地晚中生代火山岩的岩石学、岩石化学和地球化学特征，探讨了盆地发育早期的构造环境及其地球动力学背景。指出松辽盆地在其形成早期（即断陷期）是一个发育陆缘岩浆弧构造背景上的走滑拉张盆地，火山岩岩浆源区具有多成分、复合性的演化特点。     

Evacuation of multiple magma bodies and the onset of caldera collapse in a supereruption,captured in glass and mineral compositions

Complexities in the nature of large-scale silicic eruptions and their magmatic systems can be discerned through micro-analytical geochemical studies. We present high-resolution, stratigraphically constrained compositional data on glassy matrix material and feldspar crystals from the initial fall deposits and earliest ignimbrite (base of member A) of the 2.08 Ma, ~?2500 km³ Huckleberry Ridge Tuff (HRT), Yellowstone. We use these data to document the nature of the magmatic system and compositional changes related to the transition from fall to widespread ignimbrite deposition, inferred to mark the onset of caldera collapse. Although major element glass compositions are relatively uniform, trace elements span a large range (e.g. Ba 10–900 ppm, Sr/Rb?=?0.005–0.09), with highly evolved glasses dominating in the fall deposits. Several trace elements (e.g. Ba and light rare earth elements) in the glass samples serve to define statistically significant compositional clustering in the fall deposits and basal ignimbrite. These clusters are inferred to reflect melt compositions controlled by fractional crystallisation processes and are interpreted to represent multiple, discrete melt-dominant domains that were tapped by multiple vents. The onset of widespread ignimbrite deposition is marked by an increase in the number of erupted melt compositional clusters from four in the fall deposits to eight, representing nine melt-dominant domains. There is an absence of geographical variation of glass compositions within the basal ignimbrite, with samples from proximal to distal localities north, west and south of the HRT caldera exhibiting similar variability. Pairing of glass analyses with sanidine major and minor element compositional data suggests that the nine melt compositional domains converged at depth into two compositionally distinct upper-crustal magmatic lineages that were both active during these early stages of the eruption. Our data collectively indicate the evacuation of an exceptionally complex and heterogeneous magma system. The onset of widespread ignimbrite deposition, inferred to relate to caldera collapse, occurred after ~ 50 km³ of magma had been discharged. Although external controls were important as an eruption trigger, depressurisation of the system led to caldera collapse with the eruption of numerous discrete melt-dominant domains.     

江西武山铜矿区花岗闪长斑岩的地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成及成因探讨

武山铜矿床是位于长江中下游地区九瑞矿集区中的一个大型铜矿床.本文对该矿床中与成矿关系密切的花岗闪长斑岩进行了详细的矿物化学、主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究.结果表明,岩体中黑云母富镁,为金云母,其Fe3 /Fe2 组成表明岩浆氧逸度很高;角闪石具有Mg/(Mg Fe)高而Si低的特征,为阳起石和镁质角闪石,角闪石压力计计算表明岩体具有超浅成侵位特征.花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克岩地球化学特征.岩石具有相对较高的SiO2(64.9%～68.62%,平均66.52%)和Al2O3(14.0%～15.3%,平均14.8%)含量,同时岩石的Mg#很高(0.53～0.71),并具有相对较高的相容元素含量;岩石富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N=27.8～64.5),Eu负异常不明显,岩石同时富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有较高的Sr/Y比值(35.0～68.2).岩石的初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.7067～0.7075,εNd(t)值为-4.08～-4.44,锆石的εHf(t)值为-2.1～-7.0.详尽的元素和同位素地球化学特征表明武山花岗闪长斑岩是强烈壳幔相互作用的产物,很有可能是由拆沉的加厚下地壳发生部分熔融,并在其上升过程中与地幔橄榄石发生相互作用而形成的.     

七宝山早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

七宝山晚中生代火山岩位于郯庐断裂带山东段管帅盆地东缘,出露于青山群八亩地组中.本文通过对火山岩样品TYS48和TYS52中锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb测年,获得其年龄分别为120.1±0.6 Ma和118.5±1.1 Ma,显示该区火山岩为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物.研究区火山岩SiO2含量为56.02％～66.45％...     

七宝山早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

七宝山晚中生代火山岩位于郯庐断裂带山东段管帅盆地东缘,出露于青山群八亩地组中。本文通过对火山岩样品TYS48和TYS52中锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb测年,获得其年龄分别为120.1±0.6Ma和118.5±1.1 Ma,显示该区火山岩为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。研究区火山岩SiO2含量为56.02％～66.45％,富钠、富碱、偏碱性（σ平均为4.01）,为一套高钾钙碱性系列的火山岩。与区内埃达克质岩相比,除TYS49样品外,其余样品均具有较低的MgO含量为（0.52％～2.02％）和Mg#（16～42）。地球化学特征显示,火山岩富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）和重稀土元素,具有弱的Eu负异常（δEu平均为0.85）; 具有富集的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成：87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.7084～0.7098,εNd(t)=-20.4～-16.2,206Pb/204Pb(t)=16.44～17.19,207Pb/204Pb(t)=15.39～15.47, 208Pb/204Pb(t)=36.82～37.65。研究表明,在郯庐断裂带伸展活动和岩石圈减薄背景之下,软流圈物质上涌使得地温升高而造成下地壳部分熔融,熔融的下地壳与岩石圈地幔相互作用形成了七宝山火山岩。断裂带的存在与活动,对华北克拉通可能具有破坏作用,使得岩石圈的稳定性和整体性遭到破坏,从而成为华北岩石圈减薄中的有利位置。     

内蒙古大座子山铜多金属矿火山岩地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素特征及地质意义

文章系首次报道大座子山铜多金属矿火山岩特征。矿区位于华北地台北缘,西拉木伦河深大断裂和少郎河深大断裂之间,矿区流纹岩、粗面岩与成矿密切相关。流纹岩Si O2含量74.93%~76.36%,Al2O3含量11.22%~11.70%,较为富碱,K2O/Na2O为1.29~1.54;粗面岩Si O2含量65.52%~68.04%,Al2O3含量15.05%~16.38%,富碱,K2O/Na2O为0.85~1.64。两种岩石均属于准铝-弱过铝系列。流纹岩属高钾钙碱性系列;粗面岩属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列。两种火山岩稀土配分整体呈右倾趋势,流纹岩强烈Eu负异常,粗面岩Eu呈弱正异常特征。除Ba、Sr、Ti等明显低于粗面岩外,流纹岩其他微量元素含量均与粗面岩相当,呈富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)特征。两种岩石具有类似的(87Sr/86Sr)i和(143Nd/144Nd)i初始比值,分别介于0.7046~0.7063和0.5119~0.5122(t=155 Ma),εNd(t)为-4.24~-10.37,同为存留于中元古界下地壳的斜长角闪岩类经重熔作用而形成。大座子山流纹岩、粗面岩形成的构造环境是造山期后伸展条件的板内环境,即在晚侏罗世(150~160 Ma)受到了蒙古—鄂霍次克海"剪刀式"闭合造山后的伸展条件和岩石圈减薄作用的影响,由存留于中元古界下地壳的斜长角闪岩类熔融而形成的一套高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列的火山岩。     

Simulation of primary phase relations and mineral compositions in the Partridge River intrusion,Duluth Complex,Minnesota: implications for the parent magma composition

In order to describe the composition and crystallinity of the initial (parental) magma of the Partridge River intrusion of the Keweenawan Duluth Complex, and thereby understand the mode of emplacement and solidification of the intrusion, we have applied a numerical simulation technique called geochemical thermometry (Frenkel et al. 1988). The parental magma was a low-alumina, high-Ti-P olivine tholeiite similar to typical Keweenawan low-alumina, high-Ti-P basalts associated with the Duluth Complex and from the nearby Portage Lake area of the Lake Superior region. The parental magma was emplaced as a crystal-liquid suspension, followed by chilling of an evolved, leading edge ferrodioritic liquid in the basal zone of the intrusion. The conditions of emplacement at the present crustal location were 1,150°C, 2 kbar, and f _{O 2} slightly above the wustite-magnetite (WM) buffer. The main differentiation process after emplacement was the sorting and redistribution of plagioclase and olivine crystals on a local scale accompanied by less efficient convection and minor settling of olivine. Calculated crystallization sequence for the parental magma is olivine+plagioclase (1,240°C)olivine+plagioclase+magnetite (1,146°C, WM+0.5)olivine+plagioclase+magnetite+augite (1,140°C, WM+0.5). The calculated compositions of the cumulus olivine and plagioclase in equilibrium with the parent magma at 1,150°C are Fo_66.7±1.1 and An_64.5±2.5, respectively, and are similar to the estimated average composition of primary olivine (Fo_69.1±2.8) and the average composition of plagioclase core (An_66.3±2.8) measured in drill core samples through the intrusion (Chalokwu and Grant 1987).     

Magnetic characteristics of topsoil from Xinjiang, Northwestern China, and their implications

In this study, a set of environmental magnetic parameters (_{χlf, χfd}%, _χARM , SIRM, HIRM, SOFT and SIRM/_{χlf, χARM} /SIRM and _χARM /_χlf) of 331 top-soil samples from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China were systematically measured and the magnetic characteristics and its environmental significance were discussed. Our results indicate that the main magnetic minerals of these top-soils are single-domain magnetite. The content of magnetic minerals in top-soils from north Xinjiang is higher than that from south Xinjiang; however, the content of hard magnetic minerals is higher in the topsoils from south Xinjiang. The top-soils from Yili region contain similar magnetic minerals as that from south Xinjiang, but with much stronger magnetic SP content due to higher pedogenic processes. The differences in magnetic characteristics among top-soils from different regions of Xinjiang might reflect the differences of regional climatic factors, especially the precipitation.     

Characteristics of Corona Textures in the Huangtuling Granulite in the Dabie Comples,China and Their Implications for Tectonic Settings

Widely developed in the Dabie complex are various disequilibrium textures which provide direct evidence for the evolution of metamorphism and late-stage uplifting history.The typical mineral assemblasge in the Opx-Gt-Pl-Bi gneiss in Huangtuling,Luotian County,Hubei Province,Is Opx(I) Gt Pl(I) Bi(I) Q.The corona composed of cordierite and orthopyroxene(Ⅱ）growing around garnets in the granulite makes it clear that there occurres the following metamorphic reaction:Gt Q→Cd Opx(Ⅱ）.It is estimated that the gran ulite-forming temperature(T)and pressure(P)are 857-998℃ and 1.18-1.23Gpa,respectively,and the corona was formed under the following conditions:T=829-911℃ and P=0.52-0.59GPa.The above results indicate that There occurred a rapid and nearly adiabatic uplifting event and a decompressional metamorphism in the Dabie complex after the formation of granulite.As compared with the granulites worldwidely distributed in 90 locations(Harley 1989),the Huangtuling granulite should belong to the high-pressure type,which represents the composition of the crust at a depth of more than 40 kilometers.     

库车盆地中始新统岩盐氯同位素特征及其成钾指示意义

评判盐湖卤水蒸发浓缩阶段对指示成钾具有重要的意义,由于库车盆地始新统含盐系地层岩盐溴氯比值很低,导致这种传统的找钾地球化学指标方法受限.然而,得益于近年来稳定同位素的快速发展,氯同位素组成可以很好地指示含盐系的蒸发阶段.本文以库车盆地DZK01钻孔13个原生石盐岩为研究对象,分析结果显示,δ37Cl值均为负值,介于-1.20‰～-0.51‰之间;KCl含量介于0.13％～0.29％之间.在剖面上从下往上,δ37Cl值有升高的趋势,KCl含量有降低趋势,指示了库车盐盆中始新世古卤水经历了一个逐渐淡化的演化过程.早期卤水蒸发浓缩程度较高,并析出钾盐或含钾矿物;晚期卤水蒸发浓缩程度较低,较少发现甚至未发现钾盐或含钾矿物.此外,库车盐盆中始新统蒸发岩系的成盐物质主要为海相来源,且蒸发浓缩程度较高,具有较好的成钾前景.     

准噶尔盆地东部北三台地区石炭系火山岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

准噶尔盆地北三台地区钻井岩心获得的巴塔玛依内山组火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩和英安岩及部分火山碎屑岩组成。地球化学研究结果显示,火山岩为低TiO2、高Na2O的钙碱性系列,具低到中度轻、重稀土分馏的谱型,相对富集大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素,明显亏损Nb和Ta、富集Pb;由基性到中酸性火山岩。Sr、Ti和P的亏损逐渐增大,证明是与大洋俯冲相关的岛弧环境同源岩浆演化的产物。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分别获得安山岩和英安岩325～321Ma和310 Ma的形成年龄,结合前人同层位获得基性火山岩300 Ma的形成年龄认为,准噶尔洋在盆地东部的俯冲作用一直延续至晚石炭世,大洋闭合可能发生在晚石炭世末期。     

Pyrite textures and compositions from the Zhuangzi Au deposit,southeastern North China Craton: implication for ore-forming processes

The Zhuangzi Au deposit in the world-class Jiaodong gold province hosts visible natural gold, and pyrite as the main ore mineral, making it an excellent subject for deciphering the complex hydrothermal processes and mechanisms of gold precipitation. Three types of zoned pyrite crystals were distinguished based on textural and geochemical results from EPMA, SIMS sulfur isotopic analyses and NanoSIMS mapping. Py0 has irregular shapes and abundant silicate inclusions and was contemporaneous with the earliest pyrite–sericite–quartz alteration. It has low concentrations of As (0–0.3 wt.%), Au and Cu. Py1 precipitated with stage I mineralization shows oscillatory zoning with the bright bands having high As (0.4–3.9 wt.%), Au and Cu contents, whereas the dark bands have low contents of As (0–0.4 wt.%), Au and Cu. The oscillatory zoning represents pressure fluctuations and repeated local fluid phase separation around the pyrite crystal. The concentration of invisible gold in Py1 is directly proportional to the arsenic concentration. Py1 is partially replaced by Py2 which occurs with arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and native gold in stage II. The replacement was likely the result of pseudomorphic dissolution–reprecipitation triggered by a new pulse of Au-rich hydrothermal fluids. The δ³⁴S values for the three types of pyrite are broadly similar ranging from +?7.1 to +?8.8‰, suggesting a common sulfur source. Fluid inclusion microthermometry suggests that extensive phase separation was responsible for the gold deposition during stage II mineralization. Uranium–Pb dating of monazite constrains the age of mineralization to ca. 119 Ma coincident with a short compressional event around 120 Ma linked to an abrupt change in the drift direction of the subducting Pacific plate.     

松辽盆地早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

松辽盆地早白垩世发育基性岩类的橄榄玄武岩、玄武岩,中性岩类的玄武安山岩、安山岩、粗安岩,酸性岩类的粗面岩、粗面英安岩、英安岩和流纹岩。早白垩世火山岩都具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集的特征,并具有较低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值和较高的(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i值。基性岩类Ce/Nb=1.92～8.31,Th/Nb=0.08～0.44,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7031～0.7047,ε_(Nd)(t)=+1.7～+5.2;中性岩类Ce/Nb=3.70～15.80,Th/Nb=0.34～2.58,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7040～0.7054,ε_(Nd)(t)=0～+3.0;酸性岩类Ce/Nb=4.29～15.80,Th/Nb=0.11～1.02,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7038～0.7066,ε_(Nd)(t)=+1.0～+3.3。基性岩类岩浆主要来自被富集了的亏损地幔源的部分熔融,受混染程度很小;中性岩类岩浆源于年轻地壳组分被来自亏损地幔岩浆的再次部分熔融;酸性岩类浆岩可能主要来自源于亏损地幔的初生地壳部分熔融,并受到了上地壳的混染。晚侏罗世-早白垩世,由于蒙古-鄂霍次克洋关闭引发强烈的挤压造山后,发生的岩石圈拆沉作用致使来自亏损地幔的岩浆熔融上涌导致岩石圈主动伸展拉张,地表则表现出大规模的裂谷断陷作用和大范围的火山活动。这个阶段的伸展拉张以主动拉张为主。