New Ore Minerals from the Kingash Ultramafic Massif,Northwestern Eastern Sayan

The paper discusses earlier poorly studied mineralized rocks of the Kingash ultramafic complex in the Kan Block of the Eastern Sayan, including the large Cu–Ni–PGE deposit of the same name. Despite many researchers' increased interest in the Kingash massif, a number of questions related to the petrology, formation mechanism, and localization of Cu–Ni–PGE ore remain controversial. Along with already known ore minerals, we have identified and described a number of new mineral species: argentite, Fe-enriched sperrylite, a bismuth variety of merenskyite, gersdorffite, cobaltite, and thorianite. The ore minerals are distinguished by a higher relative amount of Fe, and this makes the Kingash deposits close to other Paleoproterozoic Cu–Ni deposits, e.g., the Jinchuan in China, Pechenga in Russia, Ungava in Canada, Mt. Scholl in Australia, etc.     

Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum group element in ores of the Kingash deposit,Eastern Sayan,Russia

The paper discusses the results of studying the contents of platinum group elements (PGE) and platinum group minerals (PGM) in ores of the Kingash deposit. The bulk of PGE has been established as concentrated in disseminated sulfide chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite–pentlandite ore and is represented by palladium bismuth–tellurides. During melt differentiation, the content and relationship of PGE are changed; the Pd/Pt value increases (up to 1.9 and 4.2 in dunite and wehrlite, respectively) with decreasing Mg number. The distribution of PGE, sulfur, and REE in various ore types suggests two formation mechanisms of high-grade ores: (1) the product of liquid immiscibility and gravity separation at the early magmatic stage and (2) involvement of the residual melt saturated in volatiles, which contributed to transportation and segregation of PGE at the late magmatic stage. The evolution of the ore system of the Kingash massif is characterized by sequential enrichment of PGM in Ni from high-Mg to low-Mg rocks similarly to sulfide minerals of disseminated ore. The criteria for ore content in utramafics of the Kansk block have been identified based on compared ore element and PGE concentrations in ultramafic rocks of the Kingash and Idar complexes.     

Heavy concentrate halos as prospecting guides for PGE mineralization

Platinum-group minerals (PGM) in primary ores and placers are compared in order to substantiate prospecting guides for layered and differentiated intrusions containing sulfide Cu-Ni ores with platinum-group elements (PGE). It is shown that supergene placer mineral assemblages bear information on primary sources and their probable economic value. The mineralogical and geochemical data on the large Siberian intrusions that host Cu-Ni and low-sulfide PGM deposits (Noril’sk 1, Kingash, Chinei, and Yoko-Dovyren) are used to elaborate mineralogical prospecting guides based on the comparative study of PGM assemblages in primary ore, heavy concentrate halos, and hillside sediments. The mechanism of PGM redistribution under supergene conditions is exemplified in the Chinei deposit. The placer mineral assemblage with prevalence of Pt-Fe alloys, atokite-rustenburgite, sperrylite, and multicomponent Pd-Sn-Cu-Pb compounds can be used as a prospecting guide for Noril’sk-type primary PGM ore and related economic placers. The paolovite-sperrylite or sperrylite PGM assemblage in heavy concentrate halos indicates occurrence of Cu-Ni ore in the prospecting area. Sperrylite with isomorphic admixture of Ir and Os typical of the Kingash pluton could be a orospecting guide for Ni-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions.     

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE IN THE ERGELYAKH RARE-METAL,GOLD-ORE DEPOSIT

The Ergelyakh gold and rare-metal deposit is located somewhat aside of the gold-bearing belt of the Soviet Northeast and is distinguished from other deposits by many specific geological features. It lies near the northern boundary of a geoanticlinal structural unit, the Okhotsk residual massif, and is overlain by thin, calm-water deposits of the Verkhoyansk geosynclinal complex. The Ergelyakh deposit is confined to plutonic granitoid rocks, which are younger than the granitoid intrusions of the Upper Jurassic complex.

A combination of wolframite, scheelite, cobalt and nickel arsenides, younger gold-bearing bismuth tellurides and subordinate finely-dispersed native gold (low standard) is characteristic of the ore vein of this deposit and this is the most essential difference from the ore veins common for Soviet Northeast gold-quartz deposits. Search for deposits of the Ergelyakh deposit type is difficult since they are not accompanied by alluvial native-gold halos.—Auth. English summ.     

吉林大横路钴铜矿床钴元素地球化学特征及矿床成因

吉林大横路钴铜矿床是90年代初发现的大型钴铜矿床，矿体受大横路复式向斜控制，呈层状似层状或鞍状产出，通过研究钴元素的地球化学特征及赋存状态，表明矿床中的钴元素主要分布在矿区大粟子组岩层中，并以独立矿物，类质同象等形式存在，结合矿床地质特征，研究了钴铜矿床中钴元素的地球化学行为，对探讨矿床成因和指导找矿有重要意义。     

云南砚山红舍克原生及堆积型铝土矿

红舍克铝土矿分为沉积和堆积型两类,受上二叠统(P2l)含矿层控制明显:沉积矿位于上段(P2l2)下部,堆积矿位于沉积铝土矿上覆层。     

东昆仑东段钴矿地质特征及潜力浅析

东昆仑东段的钴矿床类型主要有喷流沉积型、矽卡岩型等。通过对典型矿床控矿条件的分析，认为钴矿的形成受含矿岩性、深大断裂构造以及提供成矿热液和矿源的岩体等多种因素控制。该地区寻找钴矿具有良好的前景，找矿潜力巨大。     

云南永善金沙矿区的上部铅锌矿床

笔者对金沙矿区的上部铅锌矿床（上部矿）,从含矿建造、矿体产出（产状）、形态、矿石物质组分和结构构造等特征,通过稀土元素和有机地球化学的分析对比,笔者认为金沙矿区上部矿与下部矿完全不同。上部矿床属于沉积－成岩－有机成因。     

刚果（金）如瓦西铜-钴矿床表生成矿过程及其勘探意义

中非成矿带刚果（金）如瓦西（Ruashi）铜-钴矿床经历了表生成矿作用,但其研究薄弱。在野外地质调查、室内矿物学观察和矿山生产勘探的基础上,对如瓦西铜-钴矿床的表生分带组构与次生富集规律进行研究。结果表明,该矿床原生矿体由黄铜矿、斑铜矿、硫铜钴矿等含铜硫化物矿物组成,矿石品位铜在1%~2%、钴在0.1%~0.3%范围内。矿床在近地表发生表生氧化作用后,上部形成了氧化带,可进一步划分为3个亚带：（1）完全氧化亚带;（2）淋滤亚带;（3）次生氧化物富集亚带。上部完全氧化亚带发育富钴氧化物堆积体“矿帽”（钴品位在1%~3%,部分可达12%）,淋滤亚带几乎不含铜、钴金属矿物,次生富集氧化物亚带由孔雀石、硅孔雀石、蓝铜矿、胆矾、水胆矾等氧化物矿物和碳酸盐矿物组成,矿石品位铜在5%~10%、钴在0.8%~1.0%范围内,相对原生矿石富集了3~5倍。下部为次生硫化物富集带,出现蓝铜矿、辉铜矿等次生硫化物矿物,矿石品位铜在3%~5%、钴在0.3%~0.8%范围内,相对原生硫化矿富集了1~3倍。综合分析认为,如瓦西铜-钴矿床表生成矿作用受岩石地层、地质构造和地下水等因素的控制,次生富集作用明显提高了矿石品位和矿床开发价值,形成了氧化物富铜-钴矿、硫化物富铜-钴矿和碳酸盐岩接触带附近的氧化物富铜矿及黑色富钴矿等类型的高-特高品位矿体。经勘探验证,在矿区深边部新揭露高品位矿石资源量256万吨,平均品位铜为3.68%、钴为0.44%,可采储量143万吨,平均品位铜为3.53%、钴为0.32%。该研究可为矿区及区域同类型矿山硫化矿演化成氧化矿的表生富集过程及深边部找矿预测提供科学依据。     

华南成矿省（云南部分）堆积型铝土矿典型矿床

云南堆积型铝土矿典型矿床称为卖酒坪式,成矿物质来源于吴家坪组或龙潭组原生沉积铝土矿／岩层。矿床分布于与矿源层邻近的下伏中、上泥盆统一下二叠统中发育的溶丘漏斗、溶蚀坡地、石牙坡地和峰丛谷地等4种岩溶地貌类型中。岩溶地貌对堆积体厚度及形态起控制作用,各堆积类型Al2O3、A／S和含矿率均有一定规律。     

云南西双版纳曼远铁矿矿床地质

曼远铁矿以磁铁矿、赤铁矿、磁赤铁矿为主,赋存于澜沧群勐井山组上段中部。该组地层中夹多层中性—基性火山岩、火山凝灰岩,属典型的火山沉积变质型铁矿。     

兰坪县青甸湾铅锌矿矿床地质

铅锌矿位于兰坪盆地铅锌银铜多金属矿集区,上三叠统灰岩为主要赋矿地层,铅质源自海底火山喷发,属火山-沉积改造型中低温热液矿床。     

Metallogenic mechanism of cobalt in the Zhuchong cobalt -rich skarn iron deposit in the Middle -Lower Yangtze River Valley Metallogenic Belt: Constrained by in -situ sulfur isotopes and zircon U-Pb datingSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Cobalt, being a vital strategic rare and precious metal, is primarily produced within diverse deposit types through co association. The cobalt -rich skarn iron deposit is a key deposit type with considerable development potential. However, the source and enrichment mechanism of cobalt in skarn iron deposit remain unclear. The Zhuchong cobalt -rich skarn iron deposit is located in the Anqing-Guichi district of the Middle -Lower Yangtze River Valley Metallogenic Belt ( MLYB). It is the first large-scale skarn iron -rich deposit discovered in the metallogenic belt in recent years. Its associated cobalt resources have reached a medium scale. Meanwhile, the cobalt grade in the Zhuchong cobalt -rich skarn iron deposit is the highest among similar deposits in the MLYB, reaching 190g/t. In this study, the zircon U-Pb dating of the ore -forming intrusions and the spatial variation of pyrite in -situ sulfur isotopes in the vertical direction ( drilling section) of the Zhuchong cobalt -rich skarn iron deposit were carried out. The results indicate that the U-Pb ages of the two deep concealed magmatic rock samples are 139. 6 +/- 1. 0Ma and 138. 9 +/- 0. 6Ma, respectively, which occurred during the Early Cretaceous. Vertically, the overall range of pyrite sulfur isotope is +5. 3%similar to + 13. 9%o, and delta S-34 varies greatly from top to bottom, and shows strong heterogeneity, which is obviously different from the sulfur isotope compositions of Anqing skarn Cu -Fe deposit. The pyrite delta S-34 in the cobalt -rich magnetite ore body in the bottom -up mineralization -alteration zone of the Zhuchong deposit ranges from 5. 3%o to 10. 0%o. In the diopside skarn belt near the ore, the delta S-34 range of the vein pyrite spans from 12. 1%o to 13. 9%o. Within the altered diorite, the delta S-34 values of vein pyrite vary from 7. 1%o to 10. 8%o. In the outer skarn, the delta S-34 range of vein pyrite ranges fall between 6. 8%o and 7. 6%o. Within the siltstone of the Yueshan Formation, located in the gypsum -bearing salt layer, the delta S-34 values of pyrite range from 12. 0%o to 12. 7%o. Similarly, the uppermost siltstone vein pyrite of the Tongtoujian Formation exhibits a delta S-34 range of 6. 1%o to 7. 8%o. The sulfur isotope composition of pyrite within the Zhuchong cobalt -rich magnetite ore exhibits an intermediate range between that of the Yueshan pluton and the gypsum -salt layer of the Yueshan Formation. This suggests that the sulfur isotope signature within the ore reflects a mixture of two distinct end members. Statistical analysis of scale and grade within the MLYB cobalt -rich skarn deposits ( Fe -Cu -Co) indicates no apparent correlation between cobalt mineralization and the type of Fe -Cu skarn deposits. Furthermore, the involvement of sulfur through the gypsum -salt layer in the ore -forming hydrothermal fluid does not exhibit a discernible     

内蒙古阿右旗卡休他他铁（金、钴）矿床地质地球化学特征

文章较为全面地总结了卡休他他铁(金、钴)矿床的地质特征,并通过元素地球化学分析,探讨了该矿床的成矿作用与形成规律。卡休他他中型铁矿床由南、北2个矿带组成,共圈定24个铁矿体,其中以北矿带的3号矿体规模最大,其长约1300m,厚12.9～57m,斜深近200m。铁矿体的产出严格受辉长岩与震旦系浅变质岩接触带附近的矽卡岩控制。钴矿体在南、北矿带铁矿体和矿体外围的矽卡岩带中均有产出,金矿体则全部产出于北矿带矽卡岩带中,金和钴矿体在空间产出上与绝大多数铁矿体并不一致,它们主要与金属硫化物具有密切的成生关系,因此它们的形成可能晚于磁铁矿。元素地球化学分析结果表明,矿区内南、北矿带总体上是同一期成矿作用的产物,它们的少数成矿元素含量和矿石磁性之间的差别,可能与南矿带曾遭受后期二长岩侵入活动的影响,造成了部分成矿元素(如Au、Cu等)的活化迁移有关。卡休他他铁、金和钴矿的形成可能是同一成矿事件中不同阶段的产物,磁铁矿体属于早期岩浆气液阶段接触交代的产物,而钴和金的富集则可能是稍后的中高温热液阶段的产物。因此,卡休他他铁矿床属于接触交代型或矽卡岩型。     

Geochemical zonation across the thickness of the fourth bed of the Belousovskoe pyrite-polymetallic deposit (Ore Altai)

Studies of the fourth bed of the Belousovskoe pyrite-polymetallic deposit (Ore Altai) revealed geochemical zonation across the thickness of the ore zone. The Lower ore body is composed of lead-zinc ores, whereas copper-zinc and zinc-copper ores dominate in the Upper ore body. The analogous zonation was previously found in the fifth bed of the Belousovskoe deposit.     

西藏羌塘中部独泉沟地区发现青藏高原首例富锰矿

独泉沟锰矿是青藏高原发现的首例富锰矿,成矿元素分析结果表明,矿石中Mn平均品位为41.95%,达到了Ⅰ级富锰矿石的品位标准。该锰矿体主要呈层状、似层状产出于上二叠统—下三叠统天泉山组复理石碎屑岩内;矿体地表部分为残坡积,残坡积范围宽20~30m,长约50m。根据产状及结构构造的差异,将研究区锰矿体分为层状锰矿体和脉状锰矿体,二者的矿石矿物皆是硬锰矿,脉石矿物以石英为主。初步研究认为,独泉沟锰矿是海相热水沉积型锰矿。作为青藏高原地区发现的首例富锰矿,独泉沟锰矿的发现填补了区内锰矿找矿工作的空白,对其成因的研究能为今后的找矿工作提供重要的线索和依据,在区域找矿方面具有一定的指示意义。     

广西全州小源铅锌矿地质特征、成因类型及找矿方向探讨

小源铅锌矿床是桂东北地区海洋山NE向铅锌铜成矿带中段的一个小型矿床。区内的中上奥陶统田岭口组上段和下泥盆统莲花山组是主要含矿地层;矿脉产于NE走向的张扭性正断层(断裂)中,构成多条平行等距排列的矿脉带;区内发现含矿脉带5条,圈定矿体7个;矿体在脉带中分布具有等距性。矿床成因类型为以岩浆热液为主的多源复合断裂控制热液脉型矿床。小源地区是寻找大型铅锌矿床有利地段。     

青海格尔木四角羊沟铅锌矿成因分析

矿床受上石炭统四角羊沟组(C3s)碳酸盐岩与印支期花岗闪长岩体(γδ1b5)的接触带控制,矽卡岩化带中的褐铁矿化(“铁帽”)是最直接的找矿标志.     

Establishment of research methodology and workflow for the occurrence state of the critical metal cobalt in ore: A case study of the Longqiao cobalt -rich skarn iron deposit in the Luzhong BasinSCIEI北大核心CSCD

关键金属钴的赋存状态是研究关键金属成矿作用的核心问题之一。由于含钴矿物粒度较小,难以在矿床尺度查明关键金属矿物的种类、含量、粒度、分布特征以及与其他矿石矿物和脉石矿物的共生关系,因此亟需建立一套成本低且效率高的钴赋存状态研究流程。本次工作以龙桥铁矿床为例,建立了新的采样与制样流程,提高了样品的代表性,并大幅缩短了样品前处理与制样的时间。通过综合矿物分析技术(TIMA)分析,查明了不同钴含量的三类矿石样品中矿物的含量,在6个实验矿石样品中寻找到了辉砷钴矿、铁硫砷钴矿和硫铜钴矿三种钴矿物共753颗,并使用扫描电镜和能谱分析(SEM-EDS)对钴矿物进行了核验与半定量分析。最后,在同一个树脂靶上利用激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对磁铁矿和黄铁矿进行了原位点分析,进一步查明了样品中钴的赋存状态。本次研究建立了关键金属钴在矿石中赋存状态的研究方法和技术流程,具有制样简单便捷、分析时间短、分析费用低和分析精度高等诸多优点,为矿床尺度上关键金属空间分布规律和赋存状态研究提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

云南景东文玉火山热液型铜矿

铜矿赋存在三叠系上统小定西组火山岩系中,岩浆期后热液对矿质的运移、改造、叠加起重要作用。矿床具中低温火山热液蚀变特征。