浅议新形势下水环境综合整治的挑战和机遇

正改革开放以来,我国城市化进入高速发展时期。从1978年到2016年,城市数量由193个增加到660余个,城镇人口由17245万人增加到79298万人。随着城市化进程加快,我国城市生活污水排放量不断增加,城市污水处理厂数量不断增多。截至2016年9月底,全国城镇累计建成污水处理厂3976座,污水处理能力达1.7亿立方米/日。污水处理排放标准也在不断提高,从《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-     

人工快速渗滤系统处理农村生活污水实验研究

文章研究了不同渗滤介质组成的人工土柱对生活污水的处理能力,结果表明河砂＋斜发沸石＋方解石滤料对COD、NH3-N都有较高去除率,水力负荷也较高。将该组合用于农村生活污水处理工程,出水水质可以达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级A标准。     

城市开发区工业与生活混合污水处理设计——以四川省成都市某工业开发区为例

城市工业开发区建设时推荐我国工业规模化和产业结构升级的重要措施和手段.但随着而来的是各种各样的工业废水、生活污水汇聚,为城市污水处理厂设计和工艺选择提出了新的要求.文章以四川省成都市为例,生化处理部分采用改良A2/O工艺.结果表明,该工艺具有较好的除氮去磷效果,出水可稳定达到国家<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB1...     

污水处理中温室气体的排放与控制

污水处理过程中产生的温室气体不可避免地排放到大气中去,使污水处理工程成为一个连续的温室气体发生器。通过对污水处理过程中温室气体的产生过程进行研究,计算总结了污水处理厂温室气体的理论排放量,并根据目前研究状况提出了适用于污水处理领域温室气体减排的控制技术。     

城镇污水处理厂设计建设中的误区

本文从山西省城镇污水处理厂的建设现状和存在问题，分析了设计、建设人员中普遍存在的错误认识，并对污水工程中的排水体制、排水水质标准和污水处理厂建设标准等问题进行了深入的探讨。认为工程的可操作性、可实施性是现阶段工程建设中首先考虑的因素。     

新型人工快滤组合技术处理氨氮废水的研究

针对南方地区有些小河(溪)地表水氨氮超标严重,通过新型人工快滤组合技术研究,得出新型人工快滤组合最佳处理技术方案。研究结果表明:氨氮的除去率可达80%,处理后出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准要求。该技术可推广应用于氨氮超标严重的小河(溪)或分散式农村生活污水处理。     

海门市地表水污染现状及治理对策

通过对海门市河网情况和河流水质污染现状的调查,分析了造成海门市地表水环境恶化的主要根源:包括工业废水、城镇生活污水的点源污染物和农村农田径流、农村生活污水、畜禽养殖污水等面源污染物的排放;并根据近年来各类点源、面源污染物的排放特点,提出了以"治理、截污、导流、回用、整治"为一体的治污对策,通过调整产业结构,强化节水降耗措施,加大水环境整治资金的投入等一系列行政、法律、技术、经济等手段合理开发、管理地表水资源,确保海门市水资源的可持续利用.     

积极推进城市污水垃圾处理产业化促进福建省社会经济的可持续发展

我省城市污水、垃圾处理设施建设起步较晚,至2001年底,我省城市污水处理率仅24％,落后于全国平均水平12个百分点,垃圾无害化处理率仅64.7％,大多数中小城市由于建设资金困难还未建设污水处理厂和垃圾无害化处理场,生活垃圾未经处理简易堆放,污水直接排放,不同程度造成了环境污染,影响     

贵阳市城市河流水环境综合整治回顾性环境影响评价思路和方法——以市西河为例

本文针对贵阳市城市河流的季节波动性、服务功能特点,结合市西河流域水环境综合整治,对已有工程进行阶段回顾性环境影响评价.指出充分利用现有小型湿地、水塘等生态净化系统分流水量,补充天然地表径流,可大大削减进入污水处理厂的水量,满足污水处理厂设计规模;同时应完善污水处理工艺,根据城市发展规划的要求,提出控制和削减污水排放总量的途径.     

凌源市水环境污染现状及防治对策探析

水环境污染问题是国家和地方关注的重点,近年来水资源污染日益严重。以辽宁省凌源市为研究对象,对该市水环境污染现状进行分析,发现工业废水、农业灌溉废水和生活污水是主要污染源,在防治过程中存在缺乏有效管理、污水处理设施落后等问题。在今后防治过程中应基于法律手段、行政手段、经济手段和教育手段对水资源实施有效管理,加强对污水排放的实时控制,为凌源市水资源污染防治及合理开发提供参考。     

衡水市水功能区排污现状分析研究

衡水市是河北省缺水的城市之一,同时也是水体污染较突出的城市之一.由于衡水市经济的快速发展和人口的不断增长,工业废水和生活污水的排放在大量增加,根据2010年对全市水功能区及非水功能区重新进行的排污口核查与监测结果,从水功能区划分、水质状况、排污现状等方面,详细探讨了衡水市水功能区排污状况,并提出了排污治理建议.     

Water demand and supply in large cities in Japan

After WW II, water demand in Japan for municipal and industrial use has increased drastically in those large cities and industrial regions with rapid urbanization and high economic growth. This was true especially in the decades of 1950 and 1960.Water shortage continues to be serious in some large cities in summer months. The author attempts to explain the reasons for this water shortage by explaining the relation between population growth and water demand in large cities. To meet these water shortages, there has been active development of water resources including construction of dams and saline barriers in large river basins and modernization of the water use system to increase its efficiency and re-use capacity for sewage treatment etc.At the same time, water resources development projects have been encountering various environmental problems as well as increased local protest in the 1970s. The author discusses the present dimensions of these problems and also presents several ideas regarding water resources planning for the future.     

伊通河水环境容量与污染防治对策的研究

长春市唯一过境河流－伊通河是市区内工业废水和生活污水的主要受纳水体。依据各河段的区位、水力、污染、使用特征对伊通河环境进行功能区划分,然后按各功能区不同的控制标准计算了环境容量、污水允许排放量和污染物允许排放浓度,并与整体控制时的相应指标进行比较,最后提出分区控制的优越性和必要性及恢复伊通河水环境质量的减压增容措施,以确保地区的经济建设与环境保护协调发展。     

Study of the physical and chemical qualities of surface water and groundwater in the upper valley of wadi Rhumel (Eastern Algeria)

Our study region is characterized by a varied age detritus Mio-Plio-Quaternary formations. Some training can be an important groundwater sources (alluvial sand, shell, limestone, gravel). Agriculture in the study area is the first socio-economic activity and the largest consumer of water resources. It is therefore necessary to take into account for effective water management. This may causes a risk of pollution of various kinds: agricultural, industrial, and domestic water overlooked the lack of wastewater treatment plants in the region and that all discharges of sewage are dumped into the river are the Rhumel no prior treatment. Wadi Rhumel water pollution factors are multiple and related primarily to the agricultural vocation of the area, the nature of different domestic and industrial discharges. We note that the discharge of wastewater from the town of Tadjenanet and Chelghoum Laid is at wadi Rhumel, the latter during low water turns into open sewer. In times of water shortage, intensive pumping on the outskirts of the wadi locally generates an immigration of a possible pollution load to groundwater. Two major cities in our study area are located along of wadi Rhumel with an estimated population over 100,000 inhabitants. Both towns have uncontrolled landfills where one is located at the upstream of wadi Rhumel. Faced with this alarming environmental situation and the lack of treatment plants, we contribute to the study of the impact of wastewater on the quality of surface and groundwater through a physicochemical analysis interpretation.     

Wastewater reclamation and reuse

Municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse has been practiced for hundreds of years as a beneficial use of a previously wasted product. But it is now becoming recognized as an effective water conservation tool and pollution-control method. This paper describes the status, need, and potential of water reuse in the United States. Current policies are emphasized with several examples of successful water recycling on a worldwide basis given. The discussion is limited to the treatment and reuse of municipal sewage effluents for agricultural, industrial, recreational and domestic purposes. This is to be distinguishedfrom in-plant water recycling where multiple uses of the same water are evident.     

Zooplankton distribution in three estuarine bayous with different types of anthropogenic influence

Zooplankton was sampled in three tributaries of the Calcasieu Estuary: one flowing through an area of petrochemical industries, one through a municipal area, and one through an agricultural area. Synoptic comparisons among the bayous were made on eight trips over a two-year period. Additionally, each bayou was sampled intensively for small-scale distribution on four occasions. Numbers of all zooplankton taxa were consistently higher in the agricultural bayou than in either of the other bayous. Patterns of small-scale spatial variability also differed among the bayous. The agricultural bayou appeared to be a relatively healthy estuarine tributary. The municipal bayou was probably subjected to chronic environmental stress that is very severe in the vicinity of the municipal sewage and storm-drain outfalls. Evidence indicated that the industrial bayou suffered from frequent, but not continuous, episodes of environmental stress throughout its length.     

Characterization of environmental impact on resources, using strategic assessment of environmental impact and management of natural spaces of “Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia” and “Quilamas” (Salamanca, Spain)

A new procedure is proposed for joint strategic environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment using simultaneous characterizations in the protected natural area studied to analyse the importance and extent of the impact of human activities within this area on the various natural resources. GIS techniques were used to define territorial models, including environmental information criteria in thematic layers to facilitate environmental diagnosis in the early planning stages in the areas of concern or of higher quality for conservation at different working levels (municipal, district, provincial or national). Traditional conventional environmental impact assessment methods were improved, using spatial analysis to compare scenarios based on the spatial and temporal variability of the impacts identified and their evaluation. This method was applied to the natural space of Las Batuecas-S. de Francia and Quilamas, where in an initial stage the different anthropogenic activities (landfills, etc.) with the potential to cause direct (sewage waters, etc.) or indirect (leachate, etc.) impacts were identified, using checklists and double-entry matrices to analyse actions likely to cause impacts, developing the cartography and identifying environmental impacts potentially damaging to the natural environment. Next, thematic and interpretive mappings were drawn up (surface water quality, aquifer vulnerability to pollution and vulnerability to municipal solid waste) to assess the effects upon resources (water, soil, air, etc.). Finally, by overlapping the impact identification and vulnerability mappings (municipal solid waste, pollution of aquifers and surface water quality) the impact characterization mapping was obtained, showing the absorption capacity of the different sectors to help the responsible bodies set out preventive and/or corrective measures. The essence of this paper is, in methodological terms, its use of two methods simultaneously (strategic environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment) in a protected natural area, allowing it to be extrapolated to any area where territorial management and planning studies need to be carried out.     

运城市地下水资源开发利用的问题及对策

通过对运城市平原区地下水超量开采引起的环境地质问题以及工业废水、生活污水对地下水的污染状况的分析,基于可持续发展思想,提出加强沿黄地下水水源地的建设开发,加大节水灌溉设施建设,调整开采层位,对地下水资源合理定价,严格控制工业废水及生活污水对地下水资源的污染等一系列对策措施.     

污水土地处理技术与污水资源化

土地处理作为一种生态处理技术以其设备简单、投资少、操作管理方便、能耗低 ,以及净化效果良好而具有广阔的发展前景。文中系统总结了污水土地处理系统国内外研究现状 ,结合当前中国城市供、排水以及用水的特点 ,提出了在城市水循环中应用土地处理技术 ,实现污水资源化的三个方向 :城镇居民区生活污水资源化、城市污水土地处理资源化、微污染原水给水预处理。其中 ,城镇居民区生活污水资源化所采用的砂滤系统及湿地系统 ,存在的主要问题是水力负荷低、处理能力低。如何解决这一问题是一个具有实用意义的研究方向。城市污水集中土地处理所采用的技术目前已经比较成熟 ,存在的问题是占地面积太大。因此必须根据各地区的实际情况 ,因地制宜地选用。应用土地处理技术进行微污染给水预处理是一个新的研究方向 ,它为解决生物预处理技术所不能解决的Ames试验阳性提供了可能 ,同时也不失为一种廉价有效的方法。     

Urbanization and the groundwater budget, metropolitan Seoul area, Korea

The city of Seoul is home to more than 10 million people in an area of 605 km². Groundwater is abstracted for public water supply and industrial use, and to drain underground facilities and construction sites. Though most tap water is supplied from the Han River, the quantity and quality of groundwater is of great concern to Seoul's citizens, because the use of groundwater for drinking water is continuously increasing. This study identifies the major factors affecting the urban water budget and quality of groundwater in the Seoul area and estimates the urban water budget. These factors include leakage from the municipal water-supply system and sewer systems, precipitation infiltration, water-level fluctuations of the Han River, the subway pumping system, and domestic pumping. The balance between groundwater recharge and discharge is near equilibrium. However, the quality of groundwater and ability to control contaminant fluxes are impeded by sewage infiltration, abandoned landfills, waste dumps, and abandoned wells. Electronic Publication