实施“三退”战略 培植海涂亮点

射阳县海涂资源丰富，海岸线长１０９ｋｍ，滩涂面积７万ｈａ，是江苏省海涂大县之一。近年来，我们按照“公退民进，退淡还海，退粮扩特”的思路，激活投资主体，突破海水养殖，大力发展特经，实现了有序开发、有效利用、有偿使用，探索出了综合开发利用滩涂的特色之路。目前，全县建立了新的海涂开发机制，建成了８０００多万公顷的海水育苗、养殖基地，建设了优质稻米、盐化工等六大特色化产业基地，２０００年全县海涂经济增加值占全县的６０％以上，海涂正在成为射阳县经济增长的一大亮点。１以体制创新为动力，加快“公退民进”步伐…     

油轮“鱼尾”运动及Hopf分叉算法

本文使用一个六阶三自由度的非线性数学模型，研究单点系泊（ＳＰＭ）系统“鱼尾”运动，对系统的平衡状态，及其在风向角、风速、流速、缆绳长度等参数变化时规律，进行了一系列的分析，同时，指出了静平衡系泊力的变化规律。为了研究系统平衡态的稳定性，文中选择缆绳长度ｌ为分叉参数，分析了在不同参数值下，系统Ｊａｃｏｂｉａｎ矩阵的各组特征值的变化情况，并求出了系统的Ｈｏｐｆ分叉点。最后，本文利用Ｈｏｐｆ分叉理论，求出了系统的Ｈｏｐｆ分叉周期解。     

我国海洋经济持续发展可能性的分析

本文综合叙述了我国海洋开发的现状，从我国海区的区位条件，资源潜势，市场需求，经济基础、基础设施、科技实力等方面探讨了我国海洋经济持续、稳定，高速、协调发展的可能性。     

石鲽鱼人工育苗技术研究

根据石鲽鱼的生物学特性，对亲鱼的选择培育、人工催产、挤卵、受精孵化和仔稚鱼的培育技术，进行试验探索，在室内人工控制水温、光照、饵料投喂的条件下，较为系统地研究了石鲽鱼的发育和变态及其与理化因子的关系，探索了人育苗的关键技术，突破了过去单纯领带采捕自然苗进行人工养殖的方式，为实现室内全人工育苗及养成产业化生产，解决苗种来源途径提供了技术保证。     

福建省滨海湿地持续利用研究

本文从滨海湿地的概念入手，阐述了福建滨海湿地具有南北潮差不一、海平面高于黄海平均海平面、容易受到污染等特点，同时借助了GIS空间插值技术，提出了福建滨海湿地面积的测算方法；在此基础上，探讨了在福建沿海经济的高速发展、海洋大开发背景下，福建滨海湿地利用与保护存在的各种矛盾，并作了成因分析，最后针对滨海湿地各种矛盾提出了持续利用的对策．     

从格俄交战看今日黑海舰队的重要性（上）

2008年8月8日，就在全球欢呼象征友谊和平的北京奥运会开幕的当天，俄罗斯、格鲁吉亚两国军队却在南奥塞梯展开了战斗。经过4天的激烈冲突，俄军将格军完全赶出了南奥塞梯，打死打伤4千余名格军官兵，摧毁了300多辆坦克、自行火炮、装甲车和运输卡车等，并占领了格鲁吉亚境内的几座城市。由于俄军联合作战进展顺利，战果显著，     

地震资料亮点处理及特征分析

一、前言胜利油田地处我国东部渤海湾地区，油气资源十分丰富，地质条件和地表条件却十分复杂．经过近30年的勘探，证实了在东部20000多平方公里的范围内，各凹陷基本上形成了不同层系、不同类型，上下叠合连片的复会含油气区，但是探明的天然气储量，仅占油气总储量的4．3％，油气比例不协调．最近几年使用普通的地震方法，在陈家庄凸起、盐家、单家寺、广饶、垦东一青培子、呈岛凸起等地区，发现并圈定了几百个含气砂体的范围，在“七五”期间，采用亮点找气技术，取得了明显的经济效益和社会效益．为适应油气勘探的发展，改进以往的工作…     

南海天然气水合物的形成和分布

从物理海洋、古气候、沉积环境和构造环境分析入手，研究了南海天然气水合物的形成条件。研究结果表明，在整个南海海域，天然气水合物生成的条件是存在差别的。南海，东北部，在氧同位素2、4、6期，由于菲律宾海的高盐度海水的注入，使这里的生物生产率特别高，陆坡上沉积了丰富的有机物质，加上此期间该处的沉积速率高，为天然气水合物的生成提供了物质条件；另外，自中新世末以来，由于菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块在台湾地区发生碰撞，对南海北部产生北西向挤压，加快了流体在沉积物中的活动，为天然气水合物的生成提供了良好的构造环境。因此认为南海东北部陆坡应是南海天然气水合物最丰富的地区。     

区域性海岛专题信息系统研究─—以琅岐岛农业用地区划为例

为了探索研究海岛区域性土地利用专题信息系统的建立和应用，本文选择了一个相对独立面积较小的琅岐岛作为试验区域。在AST486为主机，Spaceman4．0为基础软件系统的支持下，建立了一个操作简便、稳定可靠、具有可更新和扩充功能的LQGIS系统，初步完成了试验区的土地利用专题数据库的建立，试验了多元信息的综合评价。初步建立了水稻生产潜力估算模式，进行了水稻、菜地的适宜性评价，优化合理布局。     

螺旋浆导管“吸气装置”的减振效果测试与分析

笔者在装有导管防蚀装置的拖网渔船上，进行了实船减振、降噪测试，本文提供了有关充气减振的实船测试结果，并做了一定的理论分析，提出了螺旋桨吸气装置是改善渔船尾部振动和噪声的简便、经济、多效能的好方法。     

高精度CTD剖面仪研制中的问题和对策--SZC15CTD系统

高精度CTD剖面是国家863支持的课题，本文叙述了高精度CTD剖面仪在海洋调查中的作用，分析了研究制造中的关键问题和应对策略，探讨了高精度CTD剖面仪今后的发展。     

由现场离水辐亮度估算黄海透明度几种方法的比较

本文根据黄海现场离水辐亮度及遥感反射比,采用４种统计算法估算海水透明度（Ｓｅｃｃｈｉ　Ｄｉｓｃ　Ｄｅｐｔｈ）。前２种算法中海水透明度作为因变量,两不同波段辐亮度之比及两辐亮度之和与第三者之比分别作为自变量,进行一元回归分析,前者相关系数ｒ２为０．９３３５。后者相关系数ｒ２为０．９４８３。第３种算法中,所有波段的遥感反射比做因子分析形成的主因子作为自变量,透明度作为因变量进行多元回归分析,子样全相关系数ｒ２为０．９６４９。第４种算法中,遥感反射比作为自变量,透明度作为因变量进行逐步回归分析,复相关系数ｒ２为０．９８１５。计算结果表明,多元统计分析的估算精度高于一元回归分析。     

Impact of SARAL/AltiKa-Derived Sea Level Anomaly in a Data Assimilative Ocean Prediction System for the Indian Ocean

The impact of SARAL/AltiKa derived sea level anomaly (SLA) has been studied by assimilating it along with Jason-2 and Cryosat-2 SLA in the Princeton Ocean model (POM) using ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI) technique. For isolating the extra benefit brought by SARAKL/Altika, a parallel run with assimilation of only Jason-2 and Cryosat-2 SLA has also been conducted. The importance of SARAL SLA in a data assimilative ocean prediction system has been evaluated with special emphasis on the improvement in thermocline depth, depth of the 20° isotherm, subsurface temperature and currents. Comparison with RAMA buoy has shown a positive impact of up to 13% for 20°C isotherm and up to 17% for thermocline depth after assimilating SARAL SLA. An overall improvement in temperature profile is also observed when compared with analogous profiles from RAMA buoys and Argo floats. Improvement in zonal currents away from the equator has also been noticed.     

Sea Surface Determination Using Long-Range Kinematic GPS Positioning and Laser Airborne Depth Sounder Techniques

Precise long-range kinematic GPS positioning requires the use of carrier phase measurements, the data processing of which suffers from the technical challenges of ambiguity resolution and cycle slip repair. In this paper, the combination of an ambiguity recovery technique and a linear bias correction method has been used to overcome such problems. An experiment was conducted to test the utility of this technique to determine aircraft height to high accuracy, over very long baselines (of the order of one thousand kilometres), in support of the Laser Airborne Depth Sounder (LADS). From a comparison of four independently derived trajectories, this airborne GPS kinematic positioning experiment has confirmed that the sea surface can be determined to centimetre accuracy. The sea surface profiles thus obtained can be used to correct the errors introduced by long period ocean swells.     

Depthimeter-Precise Vessel Depth for Bathymetry

This article describes the design, operation, and field testing of the depthimeter. The depthimeter merges heave and acoustically derived vessel depth to form estimates of instantaneous vessel depth and instantaneous sea surface height, both relative to mean sea level. Results from sea trials held in December 1997 demonstrate successful operation of the system.     

Sea Surface Determination Using Long-Range Kinematic GPS Positioning and Laser Airborne Depth Sounder Techniques

Precise long-range kinematic GPS positioning requires the use of carrier phase measurements, the data processing of which suffers from the technical challenges of ambiguity resolution and cycle slip repair. In this paper, the combination of an ambiguity recovery technique and a linear bias correction method has been used to overcome such problems. An experiment was conducted to test the utility of this technique to determine aircraft height to high accuracy, over very long baselines (of the order of one thousand kilometres), in support of the Laser Airborne Depth Sounder (LADS). From a comparison of four independently derived trajectories, this airborne GPS kinematic positioning experiment has confirmed that the sea surface can be determined to centimetre accuracy. The sea surface profiles thus obtained can be used to correct the errors introduced by long period ocean swells.     

Bathymetric distribution patterns of Southern Ocean macrofaunal taxa: Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Isopoda and Polychaeta

The aim of this study is to compare the depth distributions of four major Southern Ocean macrobenthic epi- and infaunal taxa, the Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Isopoda, and Polychaeta, from subtidal to abyssal depth. All literature data up to summer 2008, as well as the unpublished data from the most recent ANDEEP I–III (Antarctic benthic deep-sea biodiversity: colonisation history and recent community patterns) expeditions to the Southern Ocean deep sea are included in the analysis. Benthic invertebrates in the Southern Ocean are known for their wide bathymetric ranges. We analysed the distributions of four of the most abundant and species-rich taxa from intertidal to abyssal (5200 m) depths in depth zones of 100 m. The depth distributions of three macrofaunal classes (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polychaeta) and one order (Isopoda) showed distinct differences. In the case of bivalves, gastropods and polychaetes, the number of species per depth zone decreased from the shelf to the slope at around 1000 m depth and then showed stable low numbers. The isopods showed the opposite trend; they were less species rich in the upper 1000 m but increased in species numbers from the slope to bathyal and abyssal depths. Depth ranges of families of the studied taxa (Bivalvia: 31 families, Gastropoda: 60, Isopoda: 32, and Polychaeta: 46 families) were compiled and illustrated. At present vast areas of the deep sea in the Southern Ocean remain unexplored and species accumulation curves showed that only a fraction of the species have been discovered to date. We anticipate that further investigations will greatly increase the number of species known in the Southern Ocean deep sea.     

The interplay of sediment characteristics,depth, water temperature,and ocean currents shaping the biogeography of lancelets (Subphylum Cephalochordata) in the NW Pacific waters

Lancelets (or amphioxus) are often found within the soft bottom of shallow tropical and temperate seas. The present study is the first to provide a fine‐scale biogeography of five species of lancelets (Asymmetron lucayanum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Branchiostoma japonicum, Epigonichthys cultellus, and Epigonichthys maldivensis) in the NW Pacific and examine the effects of multiple environmental parameters. From multivariate analyses, the distribution and abundance patterns of lancelets were explained by a combination of factors comprising depth, temperature of the collecting month, mean temperature of the coldest month in the year, medium particle size and silt/clay ratio of the sediments. In addition, ocean currents also affect their distribution range. The major occurrence of A. lucayanum and E. maldivensis was associated with the warm Kuroshio current, but E. maldivensis exhibited higher tolerance to low salinity and low temperature, and preferred substrata of slightly larger grain size, a lower ratio of suspended sediments, and deeper water. The closely related B. belcheri and B. japonicum exhibited fine‐scale habitat differentiation, and B. japonicum was abundant along the southern coast of China, where the salinity is lower in winter because of the China Coastal Current and the substratum is composed of very coarse sand with suspended sediments. Branchiostoma belcheri occurred in low abundance and was only recorded in Northern Taiwan and the Taiwan Banks. Epigonichthys cultellus was found only at the Taiwan Banks, which had deep water, coarse sand, and a negligible amount of suspended sediments.     

Remote sensing of breaking wave phase speeds with application to non-linear depth inversions

A number of existing models for surface wave phase speeds (linear and non-linear, breaking and non-breaking waves) are reviewed and tested against phase speed data from a large-scale laboratory experiment. The results of these tests are utilized in the context of assessing the potential improvement gained by incorporating wave non-linearity in phase speed based depth inversions. The analysis is focused on the surf zone, where depth inversion accuracies are known to degrade significantly. The collected data includes very high-resolution remote sensing video and surface elevation records from fixed, in-situ wave gages. Wave phase speeds are extracted from the remote sensing data using a feature tracking technique, and local wave amplitudes are determined from the wave gage records and used for comparisons to non-linear phase speed models and for non-linear depth inversions. A series of five different regular wave conditions with a range of non-linearity and dispersion characteristics are analyzed and results show that a composite dispersion relation, which includes both non-linearity and dispersion effects, best matches the observed phase speeds across the domain and hence, improves surf zone depth estimation via depth inversions. Incorporating non-linearity into the phase speed model reduces errors to O(10%), which is a level previously found for depth inversions with small amplitude waves in intermediate water depths using linear dispersion. Considering the controlled conditions and extensive ground truth, this appears to be a practical limit for phase speed-based depth inversions. Finally, a phase speed sensitivity analysis is performed that indicates that typical nearshore sand bars should be resolvable using phase speed depth inversions. However, increasing wave steepness degrades the sensitivity of this inversion method.     

适用于水下滑翔器的CTD传感器设计

为满足水下滑翔器连续获取海洋剖面水文动力高质量数据的应用需求,利用自主研制的电磁感应式电导率传感器,集成快速响应的热敏电阻与压力传感器,以PIC18F2520单片机为电路系统的核心控制器,设计出一种适用于水下滑翔器搭载的微型化、低功耗、重量轻的SZQ1-1新型CTD传感器。该CTD测量仪经实验室多次标定,数据质量达到海试要求。2016年10月,该CTD传感器与海鸟SBE19 Plus在青岛胶州湾进行了海试比测。海试结果证明,该CTD传感器与SBE19 Plus测量结果相近,实时获取的温、盐、深剖面数据精度满足水下滑翔器的搭载要求。