白银厂矿田玄武岩地球化学特征及其形成地质环境

白银厂矿田玄武岩主要由玄武岩和碱性玄武岩组成 ,其中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列和拉斑系列 ,碱性玄武岩属于钾质碱性玄武岩系列和钠质碱性玄武岩系列。相对于N -MORB ,本区钙碱性系列和拉斑系列玄武岩明显富集Ba、Rb、Th、U ,而亏损Ti;碱性系列玄武岩高度富集K、Ba、Rb、Th、U ,而Ti、Zr、Ce相对亏损 ,表明该区玄武岩的形成与板块俯冲作用有关。钙碱性玄武岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列玄武岩具有低的REE含量和亏损的LREE配分型式 ,表明它是由LREE亏损和HREE略有富集的地幔部分熔融形成 ;碱性系列玄武岩的REE含量和 (La/Yb) N 比值高 ,LREE和HREE的分馏程度较高 ,表明其形成于演化的岩浆 ,可能来自于富集LREE的地幔源区或地幔橄榄岩较低程度的熔融。痕量元素地球化学特征表明 ,本区玄武岩应是与板块俯冲作用有关的地幔部分熔融形成 ,成岩环境为火山弧环境 ,是岛弧向成熟岛弧转化过程中的产物。     

Plume dynamics beneath the African plate inferred from the geochemistry of the Tertiary basalts of southern Ethiopia

Southern Ethiopian flood basalts erupted in two episodes: the pre-rift Amaro and Gamo transitional tholeiites (45-35 million years) followed by the syn-extensional Getra-Kele alkali basalts (19-11 million years). These two volcanic episodes are distinct in both trace element and isotope ratios (Zr/Nb ratios in Amaro/Gamo lavas fall between 7 and 14, and 3-4.7 in the Getra-Kele lavas whereas ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios fall between 18-19 and 18.9-20, respectively). The distinctive chemistries of the two eruptive phases record the tapping of two distinct source regions: a mantle plume source for the Amaro/Gamo phase and an enriched continental mantle lithosphere source for the Getra-Kele phase. Isotope and trace element variations within the Amaro/Gamo lavas reflect polybaric fractional crystallisation initiated at high pressures accompanied by limited crustal contamination. We show that clinopyroxene removal at high (0.5 GPa) crustal pressures provides an explanation for the common occurrence of transitional tholeiites in Ethiopia relative to other, typically tholeiitic flood basalt provinces. The mantle plume signature inferred from the most primitive Amaro basalts is isotopically distinct from that contributing to melt generation in central Ethiopian and Afar. This, combined with Early Tertiary plate reconstructions and similarities with Kenyan basalts farther south, lends credence to derivation of these melts from the Kenyan plume rather than the Afar mantle plume. The break in magmatism between 35 and 19 Ma is consistent with the northward movement away from the Kenya plume predicted from plate tectonic reconstructions. In this model the Getra-Kele magmatism is a response to heating of carbonatitically metasomatised lithosphere by the Afar mantle plume beneath southern Ethiopia at this time.     

Geochemical discrimination of the geotectonic environment of basaltic-andesitic volcanic rocks associated with the Laochang polymetallic ore deposit at Lancang, Yunnan

1 Introduction The Laochang polymetallic ore deposit at Lancang is located about 30 km northwest of Lancang County seat, Yunnan Province, it is an ancient ore deposit with a history of nearly 600 years of exploitation. Regionally, this deposit belongs t…     

Geochemical characteristics and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope compositions of mantle xenoliths and host basalts from Assab, Eritrea: implications for the composition and thermal structure of the lithosphere beneath the Afar Depression

The Afar Depression offers a rare opportunity to study the geodynamic evolution of a rift system from continental rifting to sea floor spreading. This study presents geochemical data for crustal and mantle xenoliths and their alkaline host basalts from the region. The basalts have enriched REE patterns, OIB-like trace element characteristics, and a limited range in isotopic composition (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70336–0.70356, ε _Nd = +6.6 to +7.0, and ε _Hf = +10.0 to +10.7). In terms of trace elements and Sr–Nd isotopes, they are similar to basalts from the Hanish and Zubair islands in the southern Red Sea and are thus interpreted to be melts from the Afar mantle. The gabbroic crustal xenoliths vary widely in isotope composition (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70437–0.70791, ε _Nd = −8.1 to +2.5, and ε _Hf = −10.5 to +4.9), and their trace element characteristics match those of Neoproterozoic rocks from the Arabian–Nubian Shield and modern arc rocks, suggesting that the lower crust beneath the Afar Depression contains Neoproterozoic mafic igneous rocks. Ultramafic mantle xenoliths from Assab contain primary assemblages of fresh ol + opx + cpx + sp ± pl, with no alteration or hydrous minerals. They equilibrated at 870–1,040°C and follow a steep geothermal gradient consistent with the tectonic environment of the Afar Depression. The systematic variations in major and trace elements among the Assab mantle xenoliths together with their isotopic compositions suggest that these rocks are not mantle residues but rather series of layered cumulate sills that crystallized from a relatively enriched picritic melt related to the Afar plume that was emplaced before the eruption of the host basalts.     

A Study on the Forming Conditions of Basalts in Seamounts of the South China Sea

Volcanic rocks in seamounts of the South China Sea consist mainly of alkali basalt, tholeiitic basalt, trachyandesitic pumice, dacite, etc. Inclusions in the minerals of the volcanic rocks are mainly amorphous melt inclusions, which reflects that the volcanic rocks are characterized by submarine eruption and rapid cooling on the seafloor. Furthermore, fluid-melt inclusions have been discovered for the first time in alkali basalts and mantle-derived xenoliths. indicating a process of differentiation between magma and fluid in the course of mantle partial melting. Alkali basalts and inclusions may have been formed in this nonhomogeneous system. Rock-forming temperatures of four seamounts were estimated as follows: the Zhongnan seamount alkali basalt 1155 ∼ 1185 °C; the Xianbei seamount alkali basalt 960 ∼ 1200 °C; tholeiitic basalt 1040 ∼ 1230 °C; the Daimao seamount tholeiitic basalt 1245 ∼ 1280 °C; and the Jianfeng seamount trachyandestic pumice 880 ∼ 1140 °C. Equilibrium pressures of alkali basalts in the Zhongnan and Xianbei seamounts are 13.57 and 8.8 × 10⁸ Pa, respectively. Pyroxene equilibrium temperatures of mantle xenoliths from the Xianbei seamount were estimated at 1073 ∼ 1121 °C, and pressures at (15.58 ∼ 22.47)×10⁸Pa, suggesting a deep-source (e.g. the asthenosphere) for the alkali basalts. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey.     

西藏仲巴县特提斯喜马拉雅早白垩世日朗组玄武岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

特提斯喜马拉雅地层中广泛分布早白垩世火山碎屑岩,但对这套火山碎屑岩的源区缺乏有力的约束。在特提斯喜马拉雅中西段仲巴地区白垩系日朗组地层中发现一套玄武岩夹层,该玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,表现为LREE富集的分布型式,与典型的OIB和区域上的板内玄武岩类似。玄武岩Nb含量介于下地壳与上地壳之间,Th含量略低于下地壳,具有较高的Th/Nb比值和较低的Ce/Pb,指示岩浆在演化过程中遭受了一定程度的地壳混染,与雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩混杂岩带中的海山明显不同。构造环境判别图解显示玄武岩形成于大陆板内裂谷环境,结合日朗组地层沉积环境的分析,该玄武岩可能为日朗组火山碎屑岩提供物源。     

云南会泽地区玄武粗安岩年代学、地球化学及构造演化

滇东北会泽地区发现峨眉山玄武岩中沿NNE向发育的玄武粗安岩,通过详细的野外地质调查、镜下岩相学分析、锆石U-Pb定年以及岩石地球化学测试等方法,研究了该玄武粗安岩形成年龄,地球化学特征及其指示的构造演化过程。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学确定玄武粗安岩形成的加权年龄为(251.6±4.2)Ma(MSWD=0.20),蚀变年龄分别为(143.5±1.9)Ma和(150.5±2.4)Ma。岩石地球化学主量、稀土和微量元素测试表明,玄武粗安岩的SiO_2含量在52.09%～54.10%,属于中基性火山岩;Mg~#介于19.88～40.86,在TAS图解上整体显示为碱性玄武岩粗安岩系列;稀土元素和微量元素特征显示出会泽玄武粗安岩来自交代的富集地幔源区,岩浆演化过程中发生了一定的单斜辉石、斜长石和磁铁矿的分离结晶作用。会泽玄武粗安岩是峨眉山玄武岩的一部分,推断其为峨眉山地幔柱活动消亡期的产物。     

Trace Element Geochemistry of Hannuoba Ultramafic Inclusion—bearing Alkali Basalts

Presented in this paper are the trace element abundances of 16 samples of Hannuoba ultramafic inclusion-bearing aldali basalts,which were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.The Petrogenesis of the alkali basalt suite has been modeled by batch partial melting and and Rayleigh fractional crystallization processes,The geochemical characteristics of the mantle source from where alkali basalts were derived are described in terms of variations in trace element abundances of the alkali basalt suite.     

Rare earth abundances and distribution in some spinel peridotite xenoliths from Assab (Ethiopia)

REE partition data between solid phases in nine spinel peridotite xenoliths from Assab (Ethiopia) are presented together with bulk-rock REE composition. REE partitioning between clinopyroxene and other coexisting solid phases varies over a relatively wide range. The largest ranges are for LREE in clinopyroxene/orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene/olivine pairs, while clinopyroxene/spinel partitioning of REE is more restricted. The range of REE partition values between coexisting phases is due to compositional dependency effects and is correlated with systematic variations in major element composition of the bulk rocks. The measured REE concentration in the Assab mantle harzburgites do not match with the compositions calculated by mass balance from the modal proportions and REE analyses in individual phases. Inconsistencies for HREE may be due to variable HREE amounts in the clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene phases within a single specimen, while the high LREE contents in the whole rocks are due to contamination during transport to the surface. A geochemical model based on theoretical treatment of the REE partition data suggests that the Assab harzburgites acquired their residual character during a batch melting episode in the upper mantle under the Afar region.     

新疆新源县城南石炭纪火山岩岩石学和元素地球化学研究

新疆新源县南部那拉提山北坡出露的石炭纪火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩和火山碎屑岩组成。该火山岩中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列,安山质岩石和流纹岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,其中轻稀土轻微富集而重稀土相对亏损,玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素、U、Th和Pb,亏损高场强元素。研究表明,该火山岩岩浆可能是由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔后,地幔楔发生部分熔融的结果。微量元素模拟计算表明,该玄武岩岩浆可以由石榴石二辉橄榄岩经3％～6％的部分熔融得到;安山质岩浆可由玄武岩岩浆经15％-28％的分离结晶形成。     

Geodynamic significance of the Cretaceous pillow basalts from North Anatolian Ophiolitic Mélange Belt (Central Anatolia,Turkey): geochemical and paleontological constraints

The most widespread blocks within the Cretaceous ophiolitic mélange (North Anatolian ophiolitic mélange) in Central Anatolia (Turkey) are pillow basalts, radiolarites, other ophiolitic fragments and Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate blocks. The pillow basalts crop out as discrete blocks in close relation to radiolarites and ophiolitic units in Cretaceous ophiolitic mélange.

The geochemical results suggest that analyzed pillow basalts are within-plate ocean island alkali basalts. The enrichment of incompatible elements (Nb, Ta, Light REE, Th, U, Cs, Rb, Ba, K) demonstrates the ocean island environment (both tholeiites and alkali basalts) and enriched MORB. Dated calcareous intrafills and biodetrital carbonates reveal an age span of Callovian—Early Aptian. The thin-shelled protoglobigerinids, belonging to the genus Globuligerina, in the calcareous intrafills between pillow basalt lobes indicates a Callovian—Barremian age interval, most probably, Valanginian to Late Barremian. The volcanic and radiolarite detritus-bearing orbitolinid—Baccinella biodetrital carbonates dated as Late Barremian-Early Aptian in age, were probably deposited around atolls and have a close relationship with the ocean island pillow basalts.

The results collectively support the presence of a seamount on the Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust during the Valanginian—Late Barremian and atolls during the Late Barremian-Early Aptian interval. The presence of an oceanic crust older than that seamount along the Northern Branch of Neo-Tethys is conformable with the geodynamic evolution of the Tethys.     

Subduction—Modified Subcontinental Mantle in South China：Trace Element and Isotope Evidence in Basalts from Hainan Island

Cenozoic lavas from Hainan Island,South China,comprise quartz tholeiite,olivine tholeiite,alkali basalt,and basanite and form a continuous,tholeiite-dominated,compositional spectrum.Highly incompatible elements and their relationships with isotopes in these lavas are shown to be useful in evaluating mantle-source composition,whereas modeling suggests that ratios of elements with bulk partition coefficients significantly larger than those of Nb and Ta may be sensitive to partial melting.Th/Ta and La/Nb ratios of alkali basalts are lower than those of tholeiites,and they are all lower than those of the primitive mantle,These ratios correlate positively with ^207Pb/^204Pb and ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios.Such relationships can be explained by mixing of depleted and enriched source components.A depleted component is indicated by alkali basalt compositions and is similar to some depleted OIB (PREMA).The enriched component,similar to sediment compositions,is indicated by tholeiites with high LILE/HFSE,^207Pb/^204Pb,and ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios.In general,basalts from Hainan and the South China Basin(SCB)share common geochemical characters.e.g.high Rb/Sr,Th/Ta,^207Pb/^206Pb,and low Ba/Th ratios.Such a geochemical trend is comparable to that of EMII-type OIB and best explained as the result of subduction.Occurrence of these characteristics in both continental Hainan basalts and SCB seamout basalts indicates the presence of a South China geochemical domain that exists in the mantle region below the lithosphere.     

Chemical Diversity of the Ueno Basalts, Central Japan: Identification of Mantle and Crustal Contributions to Arc Basalts

The Ueno Basalts of central Japan comprise a monogenetic volcaniccone complex that was active between 2·76 and 1·34Ma. Basalts were erupted at more than 14 centers scattered overa region 40 km in diameter. Alkali basalt was erupted first,followed by sub-alkaline basalt. Quasi-concentric expansionof eruption centers coinciding with uplift and with decreasingalkalinity of the lavas suggests that Ueno magmatism originatedfrom a mantle diapir as it mushroomed at the base of the lithosphere.Depleted asthenospheric mantle (alkali basalt), enriched lithosphericmantle (sub-alkaline basalt), and crustal components are identifiedas chemical end-members in the petrogenesis of the Ueno Basalts.Incompatible trace element abundances indicate that the Uenoalkali basalts are typical within-plate basalts, whereas thesub-alkaline basalts show strong affinities with normal arclavas. Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions indicate thatthe mantle source of the alkali basalts was more depleted thanthat of the sub-alkaline basalts. About 7% melting of asthenosphericmantle in the garnet-lherzolite stability field produced theprimitive alkali basalts and 12% melting of spinel lherzolitewithin the subcontinental lithosphere produced the primitivesub-alkaline basalts. Isotopic compositions and fluid mobile/immobileelement ratios broadly covary with SiO₂ contents in the sub-alkalinesuite, and increasing silica content is associated with strongerEMII (Enriched Mantle II) isotope affinities and fluid mobileelement abundances. A progressive AFC (assimilation–fractionalcrystallization) model assuming assimilation of a low-K silicicmelt reproduces the chemical variations observed in the sub-alkalinesuite. Melting of a flattening mantle diapir at the base ofthe lithosphere is the dominant cause of Ueno magmatism, accompaniedby the assimilation of older arc crust. KEY WORDS: arc basalt; crustal assimilation; mantle heterogeneity; Ueno Basalts     

东营凹陷沙三段烃源岩中火成岩岩石学特征分析

东营凹陷沙三段烃源岩中发现一些规模不大的玄武岩和辉长岩体。通过对其岩性及产状、岩石化学和地球化学元素分析，认为研究区玄武岩是碱性－亚碱性橄榄玄武岩；辉长岩的岩石化学和微量元素组成与上述玄武岩相似，认为它们具有同源性，只是辉长岩没有喷发到地表而被封存在刚刚沉积下来的沙三段烃源岩中。水下喷溢的玄赋岩对烃源岩的沉积和生烃演化具有促进作用，辉长岩可以造成局部烃源岩的热变质作用。     

内蒙古阿拉善地块东北缘狼山枕状玄武岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及构造背景

狼山地区位于内蒙古阿拉善地块东北缘,其构造背景一直存在争议。报道狼山地区枕状玄武岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学研究成果。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,玄武岩中的锆石大多为捕获基底的锆石。根据锆石特征及侵入玄武岩的花岗岩年龄,得出玄武岩年龄为254～252Ma,属于二叠纪晚期。枕状玄武岩具有贫碱低钾的特征,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P,富集Rb、Ba、U等元素,富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,具弱负Eu异常,显示岛弧玄武岩特征。初步认为玄武岩形成于活动大陆边缘弧环境,为古亚洲洋向南俯冲的产物,指示阿拉善地块北缘在二叠纪晚期为大陆边缘弧,为研究阿拉善地块东北缘晚古生代构造背景提供了证据。     

REE compositional characteristics of Hannuoba basalts

The Hannuoba basalts are a suite of associated rocks consisting of alkali basalts and tholeiites. The alkali basalts can be divided into the K-rich type and the Na-rich type, while the tholeiites are almost solely of the Na-rich type. These two types of basalt are characterized as being obviously rich in light rare earth elements, as is shown in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns exhibiting positive Eu anomalies. However, significant differences in (La / Yb)_N and Eu / Eu* ratios are noticed between these two types of basalt. They seem to have been derived from varying-degree partial melting of mantle rocks.     

Elemental and Sr isotope variations in basic lavas from Iceland and the surrounding ocean floor

Major and trace element data are used to establish the nature and extent of spatial and temporal chemical variations in basalts erupted in the Iceland region of the North Atlantic Ocean. The ocean floor samples are those recovered by legs 38 and 49 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Within each of the active zones on Iceland there are small scale variations in the light rare earth elements and ratios such as K/Y: several central complexes and their associated fissure swarms erupt basalts with values of K/Y distinct from those erupted at adjacent centres; also basalts showing a wide range of immobile trace element ratios occur together within single vertical sections and ocean floor drill holes. Although such variations can be explained in terms of the magmatic processes operating on Iceland they make extrapolations from single basalt samples to mantle sources underlying the outcrop of the sample highly tenuous. ⁸⁷Sr/86Sr ratios measured for 25 of the samples indicate a total range from 0.7028 in a tholeiite from the Reykjanes Ridge to 0.7034 in an alkali basalt from Iceland and are consistent with other published ratios from the region. A positive correlation between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and Ce/Yb ratios indicates the existence of systematic isotopic and elemental variations in the mantle source region. An approximately fivefold variation in Ce/Yb ratio observed in basalts with the same ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio implies that different degrees and types of partial melting have been involved in magma genesis from a single mantle composition. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios above 0.7028, Th/U ratios close to 4 and La/Ta ratios close to 10 distinguish most basalts erupted in this part of the North Atlantic Ocean from normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-type MORE) — although N-type MORB has been erupted at extinct spreading axes just to the north and northeast of Iceland as well as the presently active Iceland-Jan Mayen Ridge.Comparisons with the hygromagmatophile element and radiogenic isotope ratios of MORB and the estimated primordial mantle indicate that the mantle sources producing Iceland basalts have undergone previous depletion followed by more recent enrichment events. A veined mantle source region is proposed in preference to the mantle plume model to explain the chemical variations.     

Petrology,geochemistry, and geological significance of the Nadong ocean island,Banggongco–Nujiang suture,Tibetan plateau

We studied oceanic mafic igneous rocks of the Mesozoic Banggongco–Nujang suture zone in western Tibet to constrain the tectonic evolution of these rocks and the region as a whole. Two transects were accomplished. Seven basalt samples from the base of the Nadongshan transect (N1 basalts) have flat chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) and primitive-mantle-normalized trace element variation diagrams that are similar to MORB. Two basalt samples from the base of the Nadongshan transect (N1 basalts), ten gabbro samples from the middle of Nadongshan transect (N2 gabbros), four basalt samples from the bottom of Tanjiuxiama transect (T1 basalts), and four basalt samples from the top of the Tanjiuxiama transect (T2 basalts) are alkali basalts and have light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and have primitive-mantle-normalized trace element variation diagrams that are enriched in highly incompatible elements, similar to OIB. LREE concentrations increase from N1 basalts to the T1 and T2 basalts, which have (La/Yb)_N up to 16 and have even higher (Ce/Sm)_N. These data indicate that the Nadong ocean island is an Azores-type ocean island that formed during the mature stage of development of the Banggongco–Nujiang Ocean. The conformable nature of the Nadong ocean island with the Mugagangri Group flysch indicates that the Banggongco–Nujiang Ocean was never a large ocean.     

汉诺坝玄武岩化学及其演化趋势

汉诺坝玄武岩于中新世喷出。除了碱性玄武岩以外,夏威夷岩广泛分布,还有苦橄玄武岩和马盖尔岩。有三个岩浆演化趋势:地壳岩浆房内橄榄石和单斜辉石斑晶组合的分离作用产生了从夏威夷岩到马盖尔岩的肯尼迪分异趋势;莫霍面附近的岩浆房内石榴石、普通辉石、歪长石和钛铁矿巨晶组合的分离作用导致了由原生夏威夷岩和碱性玄武岩经过进化的夏威夷岩和碱性玄武岩到拉斑玄武岩的跨式B型分异趋势;原生岩浆演化趋势。