Multichannel deconvolution,MCD, in geophysics and helioseismology

Whenever data sampling is regular along a coordinate in space and/or time, it is relevant to look for approximate shift invariance which casts the forward problem into a convolution formulation. The resulting computations may be speeded up significantly through the Fourier transform. For nonlinear problems the Born approximation in horizontally stratified media leads to just such a result.In many cases the noise is well approximated by a stationary process, and it turns out that the resulting inverse solution is then a multi-channel deconvolution. This formulation allows very fast inversion in the periodic approximation of densely sampled high volume data sets.New applications within geophysical well logging, continuous geoelectrical sounding/profiling, and 3D helioseismic tomography demonstrate the wide applicability of this method.     

Petrothermal energy and geophysics

The geological-geophysical, methological, and economic aspects of extraction and utilization of petrothermal resources (“hot dry rock thermal”) for thermal and electric energy production were considered. Heat collectors are hydraulic fracturing zones of natural or artificially made cracks in the crystalline rocks of the basement; these rocks have higher temperature and can be a kind of “thermal cauldron.” Detection of such “collectors” can be carried out by geophysical methods. When pumped out of wells and warmed to 100–300°C, waters function as a heat transfer for thermal energy supply and electric energy generation. If the technical problem of the rapid drilling of 6–10 km wells could be solved, then petrothermal energy will become competitive with the traditional types of energy production and supply.     

城市地质与地球物理

这次东部城市集中区立体填图试点工作研讨会,研讨的是东部城市集中区立体填图问题。填地质图是地质工作的基础,但是城市地质与立体地质填图工作有区别,前者工作涵盖的内容更为广泛,后者涉及的仅仅是立体地质填图问题。从今天的社会发展看,大城市的发展对地质工作提出的要求是多方面的,仅仅填一张立体地质图,并不能满足城市发展的要求。这就提出适应城市发展要求,应当填什么内容的地质图和如何表达这些测量结果供城市发展有关用户使用的问题。作者认为,重要的是服务好城市建设发展的需要,同时要注意不断加强立体地质填图这项地质基础工作。下…     

Popperian geophysics and tunnelling algorithm

Parasnis has observed in a presidential address that geophysics is not a Popperian science in a major way. That is, hypotheses are not consciously put forth in a falsifiable format and much of the effort goes in seeking supporting evidence for favoured hypotheses. Parker evolved a parameter extremization strategy, initially to tackle the problem of non-uniqueness in geophysical inference. Later he based a hypothesis testing proposal on it, which is refreshingly Popperian. It has not been adopted widely, partly because it requires global extrema, and not local and this has been regarded as a problem with no solution. Attention is drawn towards tunnelling algorithm, which solves the problem of global optimization successfully, makes Parker’s Popperian proposal practical and extends the range of Popperian geophysics.     

固体地球物理学与板块大地构造学的交汇

文中从固体地球物理学与板块大地构造学的交融合汇历史出发,诉述岩石圈探测与大地构造物理学的基本思路。大地构造物理学的研究包括以下5个方面内容: 大陆岩石圈调查;区域壳幔结构的成像和解构;全球对比同类大地构造单元的壳幔结构;动力学分析找出每一种大地构造单元生成和演化规律;验证动力学作用模式。以实例说明了区域壳幔结构的解构。最后提出当前大地构造物理学的研究方向与问题。