山东省莱州市三山岛金矿床充水因素分析及涌水量预测

三山岛金矿床属于典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿,随着开采深度的加深,涌水量不断增大。该文采用水文地质调查、地下水动态观测、水文地质试验、水样分析与测试等手段,查明了矿床水文地质条件,分析了充水因素,认为随着开采水平的加深,深部构造裂隙水逐渐成为深部矿坑充水的直接补给来源,且开采水平越深,深部构造裂隙水的贡献率越高。结合矿区实际涌水量,采用地下水流数值模型对不同开采水平进行了涌水量预测,预测-780 m开采水平矿坑涌水量为54 155 m3/d,-870m开采水平矿坑涌水量为66 611 m3/d,-960 m开采水平矿坑涌水量为82 387m3/d,该结果可作为矿山制定防水、治水方案的依据。     

栖霞香夼东部石灰岩矿区水文地质条件分析

依据栖霞香夼地区地质勘查及矿区开采成果资料,对矿区水文地质条件进行了分析,认为研究区水文地质条件简单—中等。阐述了地下水对灰岩层开采的影响,分析了矿坑充水因素,并对矿坑涌水量进行预测,认为随着深度增加,水动力条件会发生变化,对矿井开采及防治水害提出了建设性意见。     

新华铅锌矿区西采区矿坑涌水量预测及其影响评价

文章在对新华铅锌矿区进行水文地质调查的基础上进行了综合研究,并根据以往的探矿钻孔资料分析了矿坑充水因素,对矿区西采区涌水量进行预测计算,对矿坑排水影响范围和程度进行评价。     

山东省东平县大高庄铁矿矿床充水因素分析及涌水量预测

大高庄铁矿为中型沉积变质型铁矿。通过对区内地表水文地质调查、前人工作资料的收集、以及井下坑道水文地质调查,查明了矿床的水文地质特征及充水来源,确定其水文地质边界条件简单,水文地质条件属于中等;结合目前矿坑实际涌水量,采用"狭长水平坑道法"与"比拟法"对不同标高矿坑正常涌水量和最大涌水量进行预测,为矿床的开采提供可靠依据。     

万福矿井充水水源分析及矿井涌水量预计

通过对井田水文地质特征及矿井充水因素的分析,认为矿井的主要充水水源为3煤层顶底板砂岩裂隙含水层及三灰岩溶裂隙含水层。采用"大井法"对矿井涌水量进行了预算,确定矿井的正常涌水量为279 m3/h,预算结果为矿井的设计提供了科学依据。     

山东省兰陵县王埝沟铁矿矿床充水因素分析及涌水量预测

王埝沟铁矿为大型沉积变质型（鞍山式）低品位铁矿,矿区水文地质条件中等。通过对区内地表水文地质调查、地质孔简易水文地质编录、分层抽水试验及井下坑道水文地质调查,查明了矿床的水文地质特征及充水来源;结合目前矿坑实际涌水量,采用 “大井法”与“比拟法”对不同标高矿坑正常涌水量和最大涌水量进行预测,为矿床深部的开采提供可靠依据,并在此基础上为矿床深部的开采提出合理的建议。     

湖南浏阳小七宝山铜锌矿矿山地质环境条件分析与评价

通过对矿区地质构造、地层及水文地质条件的分析研究,明确了矿坑充水条件和途径,预测了矿坑涌水量,对矿山地质环境进行了分析评价,提出了矿山开采已经和可能产生的环境地质问题以及防治措施,为矿山安全开采,保护地质环境提供了科学依据。     

煤层底板音频电透视探测成果反映的底板阻水条件

应用音频电透视技术，分析了杨村煤矿2702工作面底板30m和50m深度界面的探测成果，并与井下水文钻孔揭露的煤层底板岩层结构及探水结果对比研究，发现音频电透视探测的煤层底板综合视电导率高异常与岩层的裂隙性及其充水程度具有很强的关联性；岩层裂隙与含水层连通性良好部位明显显现视电导率高值异常，结果表明，音频电透视探测成果能够综合反映底板岩层的阻水条件。     

河南省罗村钼矿床水文地质特征及涌水量预测

通过对矿区地形地貌、气象水文、地下水类型、钻探施工、水化学类型等有关资料的分析,总结了矿床的充水因素,利用矿区涌水试验成果预测了矿坑涌水量,为未来矿山技术经济评价、生产设计提供初步依据。     

湖南省醴陵市肖家山金矿区水文地质特征分析

本文在肖家山金矿区详查地质工作取得的水文数据和认识的基础上,对矿区水文地质特征进行了全面分析总结,认为矿区属于以大气降水经风化裂隙含水层、老窿沟通渗入为主的简单偏中等的裂隙老窿充水矿床;采用大井法预测未来矿山开采初期矿坑涌水量为550.9 m~3/d。     

DISTRIBUTIVE TENDENCY OF ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN LIMESTONE SOILS IN EASTERN CHINA

ＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＶＥＴＥＮＤＥＮＣＹＯＦＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＩＮＬＩＭＥＳＴＯＮＥＳＯＩＬＳＩＮＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＣＨＩＮＡＷｅｎＹａｎｍａｏ（温琰茂）；ＺｅｎｇＳｈｕｉｑｕａｎ（曾水泉）；ＰａｎＳｈｕｒｏｎｇ（潘树荣）；Ｌｕｏ...     

Weathering and soils formation on different parent materials in Golestan Province,Northern Iran

Geochemical, mineralogical, and micromorphological characteristics of soils and their relevant parent rocks including loess, ignimbrite, sandstone and limestone were investigated to identify the soil-parent material uniformity and the weathering degree of soils in Golestan Province, northern Iran. Highly developed Calcixerolls and moderately developed Haploxerepts were formed on loess and limestone, respectively. In contrast, the soils formed on ignimbrite and sandstone were non-developed Entisols. Illite was the dominant clay mineral found in ignimbrite and sandstone in both the A horizon and parent material. In loess derived soils however, smectite was dominant especially in the Bt horizon compared to its parent material indicating partly to its pedogenic formation. In limestone, illite and vermiculite were dominant both in the A and C horizons. Ti/Zr ratio proved that the studied soils were closely related to their underlying parent materials geochemically. Chemical index of alteration (CIA), micromorphological index of soil development (MISECA), smectite/illite+chlorite ratio and magnetic susceptibility were applied to investigate the degree of soil development. Results showed that the most and the least developed soils were those formed on loess deposits and limestone, respectively. Application of the different geochemical and pedogenetic approaches was proved to be useful in identifying the relevance of soils to their underlying parent materials and also their degree of development.     

面向土壤适宜性评价的本体知识库系统设计与应用

土壤适宜性评价过程是涉及多学科多领域,需要借助于多方面经验知识的问题。近年来,在智能信息处理、知识管理工程领域出现的本体是知识表示、共享和重用的崭新方法。本文将本体知识库系统构建应用到土壤适宜性评价领域中,首先,采用基于本体的知识表示方式,着眼于土壤资源对用地适宜性的影响,分析相关的领域知识,构建土壤适宜性评价领域本体知识库。在完整分析系统设计思路及系统结构基础上,结合本体知识库与规则推理技术实现系统的知识推理,完成系统构建。最后,文章给出一个本系统的土壤环境质量评价及适宜性分析的推理实例,并分析推理结果,以此验证系统可行性和实用性。     

鲁西地区不同岩性地层热响应试验结果浅析

为研究地埋管换热器在不同岩性地层的换热情况,在鲁西黄河冲洪积平原、山前冲洪积平原和低山丘陵区进行了以粉土、粉质粘土、细砂,粘土、粉质粘土、中粗砂,灰岩和花岗岩为研究对象的热响应试验,初步试验结果表明:每延米换热量(W/m)和平均热导率(W/m·k)花岗岩灰岩粉质粘土、中粗砂粉土、粉细砂。在岩溶地下水富水性强,径流速度快的地段灰岩平均热导率花岗岩。此项研究结果可为不同岩性地层浅层地温能开发利用工程地埋管换热器类型的选择,浅层地温能评价和开发利用提供基础数据。     

Practical method and application study for predicting cyclic accumulative deformations of the saturated soft clay

The distribution of saturated soft clay is greatly wide in China. The current main measures adopted to deal with soft soil foundations may lead to environmental pollution, even some engineering accidents may happen on soft soil foundations. In order to solve engineering problems of saturated soft soil foundations well, researches of mechanical properties of them are necessary. One of the most important mechanical characteristics of saturated soft clay is its cyclic accumulative deformation under cyclic loadings. For saturated soft clay, the cyclic accumulative deformation is similar to the creep behavior under static loadings. Therefore, the cyclic accumulative deformation is equivalent to the creep, the number of loading cycles is seen as the time, and this study develops a practical method for predicting the cyclic accumulative deformation of saturated soft clay with the creep theory. The method is a pseudostatic elasto-plastic finite element method implemented by ABAQUS software. A fitted equation between cyclic accumulative strain and number of loading cycles and the empirical relationship of parameters of fitted equation were established with a series of cyclic triaxial compression tests. Then with this empirical relationship of parameters, the method developed by this study was employed to predict the cyclic accumulative deformation under cyclic triaxial tension tests. Predicted results were in good agreement with test results, and the effectiveness of this method was thus validated for different stress states. The method was then applied in analyzing the cyclic accumulative deformation for soft soil foundation of a pile-supported wharf structure.     

Effect of clay content to the strength of gravel soil in the source region of debris flow

The production of runoff in the source area of a debris flow is the consequence of a reduction in soil strength. Gravel soil is widely distributed in the source region, and the influence of its clay content on soil strength is one of the important questions regarding the formation mechanism of debris flows. In this paper, the clay content in gravel soil is divided into groups of low clay content(1%, 2, 5%), moderate clay content(3.75%, 5.00%, 6.25%, 7.5%) and high clay content(10.0%, 12.5%, 15%). Tests of the unconsolidated undrained shear strength and consolidated drained shear strength were performed. The unconsolidated undrained shearing(UU) experiment simulates the rapid shear failure of loose gravel soil under the conditions of brief heavy rainfall. The consolidated drained shearing(CD) experiment simulates creep failure of consolidated sediment during extended rainfall. The pore water pressure first increased and then decreased as the clay content increased, and the increase in pore pressure was relatively high in the gravel soil sample when the clay content is in the range of 3.25-7.50%, and stress in the gravel soil is relatively low for a moderate clay content. Gravelly soils with a moderate clay content are moreprone to debris-flow initiation. This paper presents a mathematical formula for the maximum shear stress and clay content of gravel soil under two conditions. The key processes whereby the soil fails and triggers a debris flow—volume contraction of soil, expansion of clay soil, and rise of pore pressure―cause reductions in the soil friction force and enhancement of the water content in the clay particles, and subsurface erosion of soil reduces the soil viscosity, which eventually reduces the soil strength so that the soil loses its stability, liquefies and generates a debris flow.     

A STUDY ON BUFFERING CAPACITY OF THE FOREST SOIL AGAINST ACIDIC PRECIPITATION IN SEVERAL AREAS OF CHINA

Soil samples from several forest areas in China were analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometry after mineral separation and enrichment. The density gradient separation method with sequential extraction by acetone-methylene iodide mixtures was applied for the separation of fine sand fraction of soil samples. The clay fraction (< 2μm) was separated from silt fraction of soil samples prior to examination. Mineral components in some fine sand and clay samples were compared, and their weathering potentiality and buffering capacity against acidic precipitation were discussed.     

Micromorphological aspects of two forest soils development derived from igneous rocks in Lahijan, Iran

In order to characterize various micromorphologic properties of two forest soils derived from different parent rocks in Lahijan, and use the data collected from micromorphological analysis to interpret dominant pedogenic processes. Two representative soil pedons, granite (P1) and andesitic basalt (P2) were selected in a mountain landform with northwest aspect. Samples for thin section preparation were taken from each horizon by Kubiena boxes or clods. Micromorphological analysis of soils derived from these two soil pedons in eastern part of Lahijan (northern Iran) were conducted based on the physicochemical and mineralogical data. Micromorphological properties were characterized using a polarized light microscope under plain and cross light. Thin section study indicated that the nature of the parent material clearly affected the content of clay formation. It also showed that clay accumulation in the Bt horizons was not only due to clay illuviation (argillan), but that strong in situ weathering of primary minerals also contributed to the enrichment of clay in soils derived from andesitic basalt. Comparing the results of clay mineralogy obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) with microscopic studies revealed that birefringence fabric (b-fabric) of the groundmass was partly striated due to smectitic minerals in soil of andesitic basalt (Hapludalf), whereas speckled birefringence fabric was dominant in soil of granite (Udorthent) because of the absence of these minerals. We speculate that pores of skeletal fragments or microcracks in P1 were a place for illuvial clay protection. However, the main factor for illuvial clay film disruption (striation and deformation) was biological activity (faunal turbation and root pressure) in P1 and expandable minerals and faunal turbation in P2.     

考虑含水率对人工冻结红黏土力学特性的影响

在冻结法施工中,冻土的强度及变形特性对冻结壁的稳定性至关重要。为了研究不同含水率对冻结作用下土的强度和蠕变的影响,以江西红黏土为研究对象,通过冻结三轴试验,在-10℃下研究含水率对冻结红黏土强度及蠕变特征的影响。试验结果表明：16%～32%含水率范围内,冻结红黏土的抗压强度随含水率的增加先增大后减小;16%～28%含水率范围内,随着含水率增大,其黏聚力逐渐增大,内摩擦角逐渐减小;围压为0.2 MPa与0.5 MPa下的蠕变曲线都显示含水率较低时只会出现衰减蠕变阶段和稳定蠕变阶段,含水率较高时会出现加速蠕变阶段。含水率对红黏土的力学性质影响较大,研究成果可为江西地区红黏土地层地铁隧道建设人工冻结法施工提供参考。     

An experimental study on the wave-induced pore water pressure change and relative influencing factors in the silty seabed

In this study, a flume experiment was designed to investigate the characteristics of wave-induced pore water pressure in the soil of a silty seabed with different clay contents, soil layer buried depths and wave heights respectively. The study showed that water waves propagating over silty seabed can induce significant change of pore water pressure, and the amplitude of pore pressure depends on depth of buried soil layer, clay content and wave height, which are considered as the three influencing factors for pore water pressure change. The pressure will attenuate according to exponential law with increase of soil layer buried depth, and the attenuation being more rapid in those soil layers with higher clay content and greater wave height. The pore pressure in silty seabed increases rapidly in the initial stage of wave action, then decreases gradually to a stable value, depending on the depth of buried soil layer, clay content and wave height. The peak value of pore pressure will increase if clay content or depth of buried soil layer decreases, or wave height increases. The analysis indicated that these soils with 5% clay content and waves with higher wave height produce instability in bed easier, and that the wave energy is mostly dissipated near the surface of soils and 5% clay content in soils can prevent pore pressure from dissipating immediately.