自动站分钟数据跳变对日极值影响的处理方法

自动站分钟数据常出现跳变现象,对跳变数据,首先应分析是否为野值。其次再判断野值是否影响日极值。然后分析日极值是否出现在该时次内,若不出现在该时次,极值从其他正常时次中挑取;若出现在该时次,应从自动站实有记录和人工观测或自记纸中挑取,若用人工记录代替,极值出现时间为缺测。     

平行观测期间比较两站日极值的好处

一日中气象要素的变化趋势在人工站和自动站的表现应该是一致的，日最大值和最小值出现的时间也是相同的，所以在整理自记纸时，通过查看自动站记录，知道日极值大小和出现时间，再去整理人工站自记纸记录挑取日最大和最小值，会有两点好处。     

南京自动气象站与人工观测风速差异分析

利用南京2004和2005年的自动站和人工站的观测数据,分析了定时风速、自记风速、日最大风速和日极大风速的差异情况,发现定时风速和自记风速均是自动站观测数据大于人工观测数据,日最大风速也是自动站数据大于人工观测数据的时次较多,而日极大风速则是自动站数据普遍小于人工站观测值,这表明:我国地面观测系统改革后,观测资料的连续性受到了一定的影响,做好各类要素的连续性评估是很有意义的.     

机制报表及审核程序中的问题

在使用安徽地面机制报表及审核程序过程中发现：⑴若全月仅有０．０ｍｍ降水量时,在挑取一日最大降水量时,此时该栏空白。然而根据规范要求,即使有０．０ｍｍ降水量,该栏也照填。⑵若日最大风速终止时间恰为正点时,按技术汇编要求,只填正点数,不写分钟数。可程序要求输满四位数,否则打印出的报表时间错误。⑶一般站机制审核单对报表１、７面要素极值挑取时,常提出６类（极值与定时值矛盾）及８类［当日最高（低）值比前一日２０时记录低（高）得多］问题,可惟独最小相对湿度不提８类问题,且在提出６类问题时不考虑０２时记录。⑷…     

相对湿度自动与人工观测的差异分析

利用四川135个站自动与人工第二年平行观测相对湿度(下文简称湿度)资料,就自动与人工观测相对湿度的差异及引起差异的原因进行了分析。结果表明:相对湿度自动与人工观测相比,日平均值平均偏低2.7270%、月平均值平均偏低2.7970%、年平均值平均偏低2.7472%。56.35%的时次自动观测湿度值与人工观测湿度值的差值在5%以内,86.66%的时次自动观测湿度值与人工观测湿度值的差值在10%以内,2.61%的时次自动观测湿度值与人工观测湿度值的差值在20%以上。自动与人工观测湿度的差值无明显地域性差异。湿球纱布包扎不规范、纱布不清洁,干湿球温度表人工读数误差,干湿球温度表的通风状态,观测时间的不一致,自动观测在高湿状况下的非线性以及其他原因均会导致自动与人工观测湿度产生差异,甚至是显著差异。     

自动站数据和人工站数据对比分析

本文利用上蔡县气象局2004年1月1日~12月31日同期自动站和人工站数据年报表资料,分析两者的异同点。1气压两者的月、年平均值基本没有差别,月极端气压有一定差别,且自动站极值均低于人工站极值,尤其是是12月份,自动站最高气压偏低人工站最高气压0.6 hPa,3月和8月自动站最低气压     

常规气象观测与自动站资料对比检验系统开发与设计

自动气象站投入业务运行以来,自动站采集的数据密度比人工站大大提高,但自动站业务软件缺乏对采集数据的分析、判断功能,该系统是为弥补自动站业务软件的这一缺陷而开发的一款应用软件.本文介绍了该系统的功能,对自动站采集的分钟数据进行缺测、异常、跳变等情况的分析和判断,对正点数据、天气报、航空报等报文上传进行监控、分析,人工站与自动站的数据对比等.     

自动气象站地温数值跳变故障分析及排除

自动气象站监控系统升级以来,通过监控系统监测到个别自动气象站温度要素数值出现不同程度跳变的故障现象。如某自动站某天13个时次的320 cm深层地温正点观测数据中,01时到02时,地温的正点数据从9.2oC下降到9.0oC,跳变0.2oC;06时到07时,正点数据从9.1oC上升到9.3oC,跳变0.2oC;0     

自动站记录疑难解析

地面自动气象站运行将近一年了，在运行当中发现了这样的问题：当日最大风速出现在正点时，日最大风速与定时自记风速矛盾。2004年5月中国气象监测网络司下发了一个关于执行《地面气象观测规范》有关问题说明的函，其技术规定解释提出：在自动气象观测记录中，由于各采集器对正点时间的处理有偏差，若某极值出现时间为正点，而该日极值与相应正点值不一致时，     

近地层高空温度数据人工质控方法探究

通过分析茫崖探空站正点探测时次地面至400hPa每隔20hPa为一层的近地层高空温度资料,尝试对近地层高空温度数据进行人工质控。结果表明,在选取正常、大风和偏湿三种天气条件下的数据进行相关性分析,回归系数及相关系数可信度检验都较为理想,并对人工质控后的探测数据进行对比检验,其值与原始值相吻合甚至部分时次优于系统软件的拟合值。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.