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东疆沙尘暴天气的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阿依夏木 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2004,27(5):4-6
对1961~2001年东疆6个气象站沙尘暴资料的分析表明:东疆沙尘暴高发区在平原地区,主要出现在3~7月,4月份最多。沙尘暴多出现在午后到晚上,傍晚最多,持续时间多在1.5h之内。东疆局地和区域性沙尘暴天气过程,从80年代到90年代减少明显,年平均气温的升高和降水的增多是造成这种变化的主要因素。 相似文献
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喀什地区近43年沙尘暴、扬沙天气 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据喀什地区11个气象观测站的地面气象记录月报表,分析了1961~2003年沙尘暴和扬沙天气现象资料,给出了近43年喀什地区沙尘暴和扬沙天气的时空分布特征及其历史演变特征。结果表明:喀什地区沙尘暴和扬沙发生频率较高,大部分县市是沙尘暴的多发区和易发区、扬沙的高频区和多发区;沙尘暴和扬沙平原地区主要发生春季中后期及夏初,山区主要发生在春季;沙尘暴历史演变总体以减少为主,扬沙平原地区逐渐减少,相反高山站塔什库尔干呈增加态势,沙尘暴和扬沙的减少均是在波动中减少的。 相似文献
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统计分析了2000年春季影响渭南各地风沙灾害天气的强度和时空分布及造成的灾害,利用气候学天气学等气象理论,研究了其气候特及基因,分析了冷空气移动路径和天气形势的演变,以及造成大风沙尘暴天气的环流特征。 相似文献
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用赤峰地区12个观测站的1961—2000年40年的沙尘暴、大风日数观测资料,从地理分布、年际和年代际的演变、影响范围等方面分析了赤峰地区沙尘暴发生的时空分布特征。结果表明:赤峰地区近40年来沙尘暴呈减少趋势,其特殊的地形特征和多风的气候特点是沙尘暴多发的主要原因。 相似文献
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我国雷暴天气的气候特征 总被引:113,自引:5,他引:113
利用我国30年历史雷暴日资料,采用EOF和主值函数分析等方法,对我国年平均雷暴日的时空分布特征及其异常变化进行了研究。结果表明:年平均雷暴日的分布大致可分为4个区域。第一载荷向量在空间上具有较好的一致性,方差贡献为35.1%,在黄河中下游地区有所差异。30年来雷暴日总体在波动中呈减少趋势,但是在某些地区某些时段却有相反的变化,距平场的年代变化特征和各代表区域年平均雷暴日距平序列均说明了以上的结论。 相似文献
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降雨侵蚀力是反映降雨引起土壤侵蚀的潜在能力。利用广东省26个基本气象站点的多年逐日降雨资料,计算分析了降雨侵蚀力的空间分布和时问变化特征。结果表明,广东省降雨侵蚀力的空间分布呈沿海地区向内部山区逐渐递减趋势,分布特征与多年平均降雨量分布类似;降雨侵蚀力主要集中于4-9月份(雨季),占全年的84.8%,根据季节分布特征,可划分为三个类型区:第一类型区分布于粤北、粤东北、粤西北的内陆山区,第二类型区分布于粤中、粤东和粤西部分地区,第三类型区分布于广东省南端的电白、吴川和雷州半岛地区,各类型区之问的季节分布有明显差异;在降雨侵蚀力的年际变化上,1961-2001年间大部分地区呈现不同程度的正趋势,最大趋势系数(r)可达0.326,其年际变化特征与降雨量和降雨强度相关密切。 相似文献
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中国城市机动车排放污染控制规划体系研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
建立城市机动车污染控制规划体系的目标在于揭示城市机动车排放特征以及由此形成的污染物的分布规律,并根据城市大气容量和环境质量的要求进行排放控制目标的选择和方案优化.该文吸收发达国家原有控制规划体系的主体思想,并对其进行了改造,使得新的规划控制体系能够更适合我国城市的特点.该体系结构的核心内容主要由机动车排放因子的确定、机动车污染物排放时空分布规律的确定、大气环境质量状况的模拟和分析、机动车排放优化模型的建立和综合控制实施影响评估四部分组成.通过建构上述四个核心模块的规划内容和方法,新的控制规划体系可以迅速、有效地为中国城市机动车污染控制管理和决策服务. 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of tropospheric NO_2 in Pearl River Delta(PRD) urban group and its adjacent areas were analyze from 2005 to 2013 based on remote sensing data from ozone monitoring instrument(OMI) satellite, and further explored the impact of human activities on NO_2. Compared with the ground observation data, the OMI NO_2 remote sensing data displayed high reliability. Due to active industrial production, high car ownership, great energy and power consumption, the average tropospheric NO_2concentration(7.4×1015molec/cm2) of PRD region is about 3 times of the adjacent areas. At the same time, the regional high pollution NO_2 in PRD region as a whole, the urban group effect is remarkable. Sinusoidal model can well fit the periodic variation of the NO_2 in PRD and adjacent areas. NO_2 concentration was highest in winter while lowest in summer. The concentration of NO_2 in PRD region is decreasing in recent 9 years, which has a significantly negative correlation with the second industry output and car ownership. This suggests that the nitrogen oxide emissions governance in PRD region had achieved initial results. The concentration of NO_2 increased significantly in the eastern and northern Guangdong Province, there are good positive correlations with the second industrial outputs and car ownerships, it is thus clear that industrial emissions and automobile exhausts are important sources of NO_2 in these regions. The concentration of NO_2 in western Guangdong area is stable. 相似文献
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This paper retrieves the yearly and monthly mean 0.75μm aerosol optical depth(AOD)of 41A-class solar radiation stations over China from 1979 to 1990,and analyzes the spatial andtemporal distribution of AOD over China mainland.The data employed are daily direct solarradiation and sunshine duration,as well as the TOMS version-7 ozone observation data in the sametime.The results indicate that the Siehuan Basin is the largest center of yearly mean AOD overChina.and the other two larger centers lie in Wuhan City and the South Xinjiang Basin,separately.AOD values are also relatively larger in the middle-and-lower reaches area ofChangjiang River.Shandong Peninsula and coastal area of Guangdong Province:while in YunnanProvince,coastal area of Fujian Province.most parts of Northwest and Northeast China,AODvalues are relatively smaller.The distribution of AOD varies with different months.In most partsof China.the maximum of AOD occurs in spring season;but the minimum varies in differentregions,From 1979 to 1990.in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,West Siehuan Basin,North GuizhouProvince.most areas of the middle-and-lower reaches of Changjiang River,Shandong Peninsulaand west part of South Xinjiang Basin.AOD shows an increasing trend.But in Northeast China,most part of Northwest China,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,western Guangxi Region and the coastalareas of East China,AOD shows decreasing tendency.Generally,the seasonal variationcharacteristics of AOD in China can be classified into four typical models,i.e.,mono-modal typesA and B,bimodal and Poly-modal. 相似文献
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本文以850 hPa、200 hPa月平均风场和西太平洋副热带高压脊线北抬至25°N日期资料及福建省25个代表站(县)5—7月的降水资料为基本分析素材。首先标定福建入夏异常的标准与年例,其次揭示850 hPa2、00 hPa 6月风场与异常年例的基本特征,进而探讨了对福建入夏早晚的影响关系。结果表明:在低层索马里-阿拉伯海区的越赤道气流强劲,南海至东亚低纬区域西南风偏大,西太平洋区域低纬度地区南风减弱、东风强劲,且东西风交汇区偏西;而在高层辐合区东风范围偏大,索马里-阿拉伯海区的区域东风风速强劲,青藏高原南侧和副高主体季节性位移的关键区以吹东风为主,东亚区域经向度小,位于青藏高原至我国东部区域范围内,形成一逆时针“距平”风环流;在此高低层风场特征的匹配下,有利于福建提早进入夏季;反之亦然。 相似文献
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南北半球台风形成的物理场特征对比分析 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
以南半球7619热带风暴和北半球8111号台风为例,对台风生成区附近的低空大尺度纬向流场的变化及越赤道气流强度的变化进行分析和计算,并对台风生成区大气层结构的温湿场分布、大气低层涡度的逐日变化和对流层上下层的风垂直切变场逐日变化进行计算。同时进行南北半球台风对比分析。找出了南北半球台风生消时段大尺度环流和台风生成区大气物理场的共同特征和和相同的天气变化机制,分析表明台风生成的决定性因素是低层大尺度流场对台风生成区辐合的加强,致使水平切变急剧增大的结果。由此提出一个生消诊断公式,讨论了用天气学方法定量预报台风生消的可能性。 相似文献
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This paper retrieves the yearly and monthly mean 0.75μm aerosol optical depth(AOD) of 41 A-class solar radiation stations over China from 1979 to 1990,and analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of AOD over China mainland.The data employed are daily direct solar radiation and sunshine duration,as well as the TOMS version-7 ozone observation data in the same time.The results indicate that the Siehuan Basin is the largest center of yearly mean AOD over China.and the other two larger centers lie in Wuhan City and the South Xinjiang Basin,separately.AOD values are also relatively larger in the middle-and-lower reaches area of Changjiang River.Shandong Peninsula and coastal area of Guangdong Province:while in Yunnan Province,coastal area of Fujian Province.most parts of Northwest and Northeast China,AOD values are relatively smaller.The distribution of AOD varies with different months.In most parts of China.the maximum of AOD occurs in spring season;but the minimum varies in different regions,From 1979 to 1990.in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,West Siehuan Basin,North Guizhou Province.most areas of the middle-and-lower reaches of Changjiang River,Shandong Peninsula and west part of South Xinjiang Basin.AOD shows an increasing trend.But in Northeast China,most part of Northwest China,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,western Guangxi Region and the coastal areas of East China,AOD shows decreasing tendency.Generally,the seasonal variation characteristics of AOD in China can be classified into four typical models,i.e.,mono-modal types A and B,bimodal and Poly-modal. 相似文献