通海地磁Z分量月变速率与云南中强震预测指标

利用云南通海1987-2009年的地磁Z分量观测资料,进行差分计算,得到相应的月变速率值.以△Z≥10 nT为判定指标,定量分析云南地区M≥5地震前,通海地磁Z分量月变速率的异常变化.结果表明,通海Z分量月变速率大于10 nT与云南地区5级以上地震对应较好,异常出现后1-6个月云南省地区发生5级以上地震的可能性较大,对...     

地磁低点位移与松潘、平武7.2级地震

一、预报情况的回顾四川是一个多震的地区,从1970年四川成立地震研究机构以来,在龙门山、鲜水河及安宁河等三个主要断裂带上先后布设了十七个地磁台站。这些地磁台大多数使用磁秤观测地磁垂直分量ΔZ的相对变化。1975年以后郫县走石山台装置了三分量磁变仪。根据上述台站资料的情况,我省以磁报震工作主要利用日变曲线,根据相对变化寻找震磁     

云南通海地磁台地磁场变化特征分析

利用云南中部地区的通海基准地磁台1985~2011年的观测资料,对该地区地磁场长期变化、日变幅的变化特征进行分析研究,进一步认识通海地磁台地磁场各要素的变化规律及特征,研究认为太阳黑子数与该地区地磁场日变化规律有着密切的关系。     

蒙城地震台地磁Z分量日变化特征分析

利用蒙城地震台近20年的地磁Z分量观测资料,对磁静日幅度、磁扰日幅度和磁静日低点时间的年变化与长期变化进行了分析,结果表明,Z分量日变化特征明显。由此总结出Z分量变化的一些基本特征,对识别地磁场异常变化或干扰变化具有一定的参考价值。     

2013年松原震群地磁ULF波动异常研究

为了提取2013年10月至11月吉林省松原市Ms5.0以上震群前后地磁异常变化信息,利用短时快速傅里叶变换方法,分析平均震中距为79 km的长春地磁台地磁场能量波动,发现该台Z分量在震前4个月于0.02 Hz频点能量出现异常波动,震前2个月达到峰值,随后逐渐平稳,恢复到正常水平期间发生地震.排除空间变化磁场影响和环境干扰,认为该异常变化与2013年松原Ms5.0以上震群有关.     

对当前我省多台地磁长趋势变化的初步认识

近年一些从事以磁报震的同志注意到地磁资料,包括磁秤观测的垂直分量,有一种长趋势的变化。如我省的郫县等资料较长的六个地磁台,观测到的△Z分量的月均值从1975年起,出现了长趋势逐渐上     

云南地磁场变化与异常特征分析

对云南地区地磁观测资料进行分析研究,总结了1986～2002年以来云南地磁场变化形态与异常特征。利用均方差、斜率、拟合等方法分析研究,以日均值为基础建立了一系列判定指标,获得发生在云南及邻区一些地震的震磁前兆信息。研究结果表明,云南地磁观测震前出现以下几种特征：1．短临加速变化异常;2．多台准同步异常;3．有一定形态过程的异常;4．破年变趋势异常。地磁异常以短临显示为多数,中期向短期过渡异常不明显。     

通海地磁台地磁特征线与邻近地区地震的对应关系研究

应用地磁特征线法,计算通海台自1995年至2007年H、Z分量的地磁特征线的斜率K和特征线的相关系数C。通过对K与C的变化特征与邻区中强地震的对应关系研究,得到当通海台特征线参数K≤-0．0975和K≥-0．0106为异常,异常出现0～2月内将发生较强地震,其概率为93．8％;异常形态与云南地区的地震有很好的区域对应关系。震例分析表明,用特征线法提取的震磁异常对于地震的短临跟踪有很好的应用前景。     

通海地磁台观测值与IGRF模型值的长期变化分析

利用云南通海基准地磁台1985年至2011年的年均值资料,研究了通海地磁台观测值与第11代IGRF模型值的长期变化,两者的一致性程度。结果表明:通海地磁台站观测值与IGRF模型值的长期变速率相近、形态一致;两者的差值与太阳黑子数变化存在相关性;各地磁要素的差值均低于IGRF模型的误差水平。     

通海地震前的地震活动特征

1970年1月5日云南通海发生了7.7级强烈地震。至今十年中已发表了不少关于通海地震的文章,对地震地质背景、震源过程、烈度分布、形变特征等都作了较深刻明晰的研究。本文拟就现有收集到的资料对通海地震前的地震活动特征予以初步的讨论。     

Changes in sediment transport in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China

In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January.     

Variations in trace gas concentrations in different environments in India

Observations of trace gases (SO₂, NH₃, NO₂ and O₃) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH₃ was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO₂ were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO₂, NH₃ and NO₂ showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world.     

TritiogenicHe in groundwater in Takaoka

³He/⁴He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The³He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic³He produced by in-situ beta-decay of³H. This shows that tritiogenic³He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic³He and³H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic³He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the³H counting method.     

2008年云南地震灾害概况

列出了2008年云南省破坏性地震目录.在此基础上,结合云南省地震局的地震灾害评估资料,总结了2008年云南地震灾害的主要数据和特性.最后列出1990～2008年云南地震灾害的相应数据,并进行了简要对比.     

2007年中国大陆地震灾害损失述评

在列出2007年中国5级以上地震目录的基础上,结合有关省(自治区、直辖市)地震局的地震灾害评估资料,总结出2007年中国大陆地震灾害的主要数据和特性。最后列出1990—2007年中国大陆地震灾害的相应数据,并进行了简要的比较。     

Applied volcanology in geothermal exploration in Iceland

In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites.     

Projected changes in flood indices in selected catchments in Poland in the 21st century

The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate.     

Advances in ground motion studies in China

This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future.     

冬季亚洲中强震与夏季我国东部主雨带的准同纬性

根据1954～2003年50年亚洲中强震与我国地温资料,分析了冬季震中纬度—震涡中心纬度—冬季我国东部强地热涡中心纬度—夏季我国东部主雨带纬度4者之间的相互关系,发现冬季中强震与夏季主雨带之间具有较好的准同纬性. 这是每年汛期降水预报的一个指标. 文中也讨论了应用此预报指标时的一些特例.