基于谱分解的断层自动识别

本文在总结国内外地震勘探解释系统的基础上,以物理地震学为理论基础,利用谱分解、地震信号处理中的偏移技术、模式识别中的分级聚类算法和最小二乘法,提出了自动提取断棱衍射、识别断层的思想.仿真结果表明该思想和方法是可行的.本方法还可用于岩性地球物理勘探.     

基于谱分解的断层自动识别

本文在总结国内外地震勘探解释系统的基础上,以物理地震学为理论基础,利用谱分解、地震信号处理中的偏移技术、模式识别中的分级聚类算法和最小二乘法,提出了自动提取断棱衍射、识别断层的思想.仿真结果表明该思想和方法是可行的.本方法还可用于岩性地球物理勘探.     

小断层的地震识别

在勘探后期或油田开发阶段,认清小断层的分布对油田注采井设计、产能建设、油藏管理和油藏挖潜等的落实具有极为重要的意义.受地震资料分辨率的限制,用常规的地震资料解释方法进行小断层的识别很难达到油田生产需求,为此,本文根据研究区储层不同厚度、物性特点,以测井、地震、地质统计为基础,设计了薄层、厚层和不等厚互层三种储层不同断距...     

C3sub>相干体在断层和裂缝识别中的应用

三维相干体技术是20世纪90年代后期兴起的一项十分有效的地震解释技术, 它在断层识别、特殊岩性体的解释方面较常规三维数据体有明显的长处. 国外对此成立了专门的相干技术公司, 国内也正在广泛应用此项技术. 相干体技术通过三维数据体来比较局部地震波形的相似性, 相干值较低的点与反射波波形不连续性相关. 对相干数据体作水平切片图, 可揭示断层、裂缝、岩性体边缘、不整合等地质现象, 为解决油气勘探中的特殊问题提供有利依据.     

一种改进型C3相干算法

基于特征值结构的相干体算法(C3算法)的核心思想就是用与水平时间切片的相关的相干值压制水平方向上介质连续性,凸显不连续性,因此具有最佳的横向(即水平)分辨率,而对倾角数据效果较差.为了改善倾向分辨率,本文提出一种用测线抽取数据进行计算的方式取代基本算法中面元抽取数据计算的方式.试算结果表明该算法真实有效,精度有较大的提高.     

含小断层煤层Rayleigh型槽波波场和频散分析

煤层隐伏小断层在煤田地质勘探期间能否查明,是影响煤矿安全生产的主要地质因素.煤层中传播的地震槽波,非常适用于探测煤田异常构造.本文利用谱元法模拟计算了含断层模型Rayleigh型地震槽波的产生、传播过程,对于直达槽波、反射槽波、透射槽波进行了波场特征分析,频散特征分析,频谱特征分析.根据不同小落差断层模型（垂直断距分别为1/4、1/2、3/4、1个煤厚;断层倾角分别为90°、60°、45°）,分析了Rayleigh型槽波传播过程中断层对反射槽波、透射槽波能量、频谱的影响效应.基于以上分析,对于小断层模型中的Rayleigh型地震槽波取得了一些规律性认识,并对Rayleigh型地震槽波的勘探应用做了一些探讨.

     

碰撞非相干散射理论谱宏观法和微观法的比较研究

非相干散射理论谱是理解非相干散射雷达探测的理论基础,其求解过程分为微观法和宏观法.在考虑碰撞不考虑磁场的条件下,本文使用这两种方法对理论谱分别进行求解,给出了关键求解过程,并对等离子体的归一化导纳和极化率以及非相干散射的微分散射截面和谱密度函数进行分析,得到了它们各自之间的数学关系,概括性分析了两种方法在理论选择、最终结论及多种因素下求解的异同点.

     

缺乏近断层强震观测资料地区抗震设计规范反应谱研究

根据最近几次的近断层地震观测记录研究显示,在现行结构抗震设计规范中很少考虑近断层效应的影响,对于缺乏近断层强震观测资料地区,抗震设计规范的改进方法及近断层效应的设计参数还没有统一结论. 本文基于UBC97近断层因子设计理念, 在收集世界范围内近断层观测记录的基础上,按场地和震级进行分类,建立了中长周期关键点处的加速度谱需求的衰减关系式,推导给出了缺乏近断层观测资料地区近断层影响因子的震级和断层距的关系式. 并以我国现行的建筑抗震设计规范为基础,建议了近断层影响因子的参考取值和修正后的反应谱曲线,为我国结构抗震设计提供了参考.      

磁化等离子体非相干散射理论谱中的共振线研究

本文对磁化等离子体非相干散射理论谱下的共振线进行了研究,简要介绍了等离子体线和回旋线的色散关系,并通过理论分析给出了二次回旋谐频处等离子体线分裂现象的色散关系.结合三亚非相干散射雷达(Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar,SYISR)实际参数,对回旋线以及低频振荡、高频共振进行了分析讨论.分析后认为：SYISR拥有观测夜间200 km以下和400 km以上回旋线的可能性;在白天仅存在观测到H⁺振荡谱线的可能性;若观测数据足够良好,将可以观测到二次以及三次回旋谐频处的等离子体线分裂现象.

     

磁化等离子体非相干散射理论谱中的共振线研究

本文对磁化等离子体非相干散射理论谱下的共振线进行了研究,简要介绍了等离子体线和回旋线的色散关系,并通过理论分析给出了二次回旋谐频处等离子体线分裂现象的色散关系.结合三亚非相干散射雷达（Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar,SYISR）实际参数,对回旋线以及低频振荡、高频共振进行了分析讨论.分析后认为：SYISR拥有观测夜间200 km以下和400 km以上回旋线的可能性;在白天仅存在观测到H⁺振荡谱线的可能性;若观测数据足够良好,将可以观测到二次以及三次回旋谐频处的等离子体线分裂现象.     

分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用

分频解释技术已经越来越多的应用到地震储层预测和油藏描述中,成为地震解释的一种常规技术手段,分频解释技术中分频RGB颜色融合显示方法因其独有的视觉效果也开始受到关注.本文介绍了分频混色技术在高精度地震解释中的应用以及在应用过程中应注意的几点问题,包括优选高精度频谱分解方法、RGB颜色融合技术应用中频率选择的原则等.在此基础上,进一步探讨了分频数据RGB混色方法能有效解决地震沉积学中地层切片精度不满足薄储层预测的问题.RGB颜色融合显示方法能充分发掘高精度地震数据宽频的优势,得到精度更高的储层预测结果.     

电阻率横向剖面法在倾斜断层精确探测中的应用研究

在横向剖面法研究的基础上,选取30度和60度倾斜良导体模型,利用有限元三维数值模拟方法,对比研究横向剖面法和常规剖面法的异常特征.研究结果表明：两方法对断层的倾向都有较好反映,对倾角难以判定.为研究倾角定量化判定,本文提出了横向剖面电阻率成像方法与常规的电阻率层析成像方法对比研究,结果表明：两者均较准确的反映出断层的倾角变化,前者效果略优于后者.     

3D diffraction imaging of fault and fracture zones via image spectral decomposition of partial images

The paper presents 3D diffraction imaging based on the spectral decomposition of a different combination of selective or partial images. These images are obtained by the pre-stack asymmetric migration procedure, which is weighted data summation. Spectral decomposition is done in the Fourier domain with respect to spatial dip and azimuth angles. Numerical examples with the application of different workflows for the synthetic and real data examples demonstrate detailed reliable reconstruction of the fractured zones and reliable reconstruction of fracture orientation on synthetic and real 3D data examples.     

利用相干体技术探测煤矿微小构造方法研究

煤矿高产高效安全生产地质保障体系要求探明煤矿微小构造,相干体技术利用计算机分析检测三维地震数据体中相邻道之间地震信号的相似性,比常规解释方法更有利于小断层等小构造的识别;相干技术算法中C3比C1、C2两种相干算法在断层识别和边缘检测上具有更高的水平分辨率和垂直分辨率;相干体技术与地震属性技术、图象处理技术联合使用,形成煤田地震资料解释的新模式,能够更好地解决煤矿生产中遇到的构造、岩性等实际问题,极大提高三维地震成果的使用效率和应用水平;相干体技术在许厂、梁家等煤矿中应用取得了良好效果.     

应用自然电场法检测土坝渗漏隐患的技术

笔者根据在全国各地进行的数十座水利工程的原位测试资料,概括归纳出一套较为系统的应用自然电场法检测土坝渗漏隐患的技术,该技术将集中渗流在自电电位曲线上的反映归结为窄幅异常、宽幅异常、宽幅双峰异常、多峰异常和塔式异常五种基本形态,并可正确地判断正常渗漏和异常渗漏,解释推断出集中渗漏带的宽度、埋深、走向以及渗流的时空动态,为工程除险加固提供可靠的技术资料.     

A comment on the use of spectral characteristics of teleseismic body waves to evaluate fine crustal structure

An investigation of the crustal response in the time and frequency domains is presented to show that for models with similar crustal transit times of P and S waves, any important changes in the internal configuration of the crust such as layering, layer thickness and velocity contrast only influence the amplitudes of the transfer function ratio. Frequency positions of peaks and troughs remain unperturbed unless the total transit time of P and/or S waves through the crust are varied. This would imply that fine crustal structure derived from a matching of peak positions of observed spectral ratios with theoretical transfer function ratios, as is commonly practiced, is not very meaningful. This limitation in the application of the spectral ratio method for detailed crustal structure is demonstrated using two recent applications of this technique.     

Relations between coal transformation and geometric features of faults in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin

The paper presents the results of studies of fault zones carried out in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Three types of changes of the coal were distinguished: degradative changes connected with a deterioration in the quality of the coal; aggradational changes connected with an increase in the quality of coal; and the type of coal which shows no significant change in the values of its parameters.     

An application of 4D seismic monitoring technique to modern coal mining

To study the impact of modern coal mining on the overlying formation, a full‐life‐cycle four‐dimensional seismic monitoring study has been carried out. Four seismic data campaigns have been performed using flexi‐bin geometry with square bins, with total duration of 171 days. The four seismic datasets have been processed with the same processing workflow and parameters; major problems such as statics correction, signal‐to‐noise ratio, resolution, and consistency processing are addressed taking into account the geological features of the research area. This guarantees that remaining four‐dimensional differences between the time‐lapse datasets show mostly geological factors due to the coal mining and effects such as surface subsidence. Our four‐dimensional seismic monitoring of modern coal mining shows that mined and unmined areas have significant zoning characteristics; coal mining has a direct impact on the overlying formation. The mining leads to obvious event subsidence, which reflects that overlying formations undergo subsidence during the mining process. The overlying formation appears as two zones called caving zone and fractured zone. We determine the fault dip of the overlying formation at one end of the working face to be 56°or so by calculation and conversion. We also see that, during the coal mining process, over time, the overlying formation has a self‐recovery capability, which gradually strengthens from the roof siltstone upward to the Aeolian sandstone near the surface. The stability of 20‐m coal pillars between working faces displays a strengthening trend and remains safe during the mining process due to both coal seam supporting and formation compaction effects.     

Research and application of spectral inversion technique in frequency domain to improve resolution of converted PS-wave

Multi-wave exploration is an effective means for improving precision in the exploration and development of complex oil and gas reservoirs that are dense and have low permeability. However, converted wave data is characterized by a low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution, because the conventional deconvolution technology is easily affected by the frequency range limits, and there is limited scope for improving its resolution. The spectral inversion techniques is used to identify λ/8 thin layers and its breakthrough regarding band range limits has greatly improved the seismic resolution. The difficulty associated with this technology is how to use the stable inversion algorithm to obtain a high-precision reflection coefficient, and then to use this reflection coefficient to reconstruct broadband data for processing. In this paper, we focus on how to improve the vertical resolution of the converted PS-wave for multi-wave data processing. Based on previous research, we propose a least squares inversion algorithm with a total variation constraint, in which we uses the total variance as a priori information to solve under-determined problems, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the inversion. Here, we simulate the Gaussian fitting amplitude spectrum to obtain broadband wavelet data, which we then process to obtain a higher resolution converted wave. We successfully apply the proposed inversion technology in the processing of high-resolution data from the Penglai region to obtain higher resolution converted wave data, which we then verify in a theoretical test. Improving the resolution of converted PS-wave data will provide more accurate data for subsequent velocity inversion and the extraction of reservoir reflection information.