南海西缘曾母西断裂构造特征及其对盆地沉积发育的控制作用

通过解释重新处理的曾母盆地多道地震数据,结合重、磁异常资料,对前人提出南海西缘最南部发育近S-N向"曾母西断裂"的分布区域进行了重新厘定,详细解释了曾母西断裂的构造特征,具体分析了其结构、组成和空间展布特征.确定曾母西断裂由①号断层和②号断层所构成,曾母西①号断层位于4°30′～7°N、109°30′～110°E,主断...     

IPv6环境下域间路由系统安全威胁分析

域间路由系统作为Internet的核心基础设施,不但是传递网络可达信息的基本机制、自治系统互连的纽带和ISP实现策略控制的主要手段,而且对Internet的安全性起着关键作用。本文对IPv6环境下域间路由系统的各种安全威胁进行了全面的分类,并对可能采取的方法手段进行了详细地分析论述。进而得出结论,针对基于BGP4+协议的IPv6域间路由系统的攻击仍然是下一代网络环境中攻击的有效手段和途径。     

Investigation of the influence of cyclonic disturbances on the dynamic processes and the evolution of impurities in the Sea of Azov in the presence of stationary currents

A three-dimensional nonlinear mathematical model is used to study the dynamic processes under the action of cyclonic disturbances in the field of stationary wind in the Sea of Azov and the specific features of transformation of the impurities. The results of numerical calculations enable us to conclude that the maximum velocities of currents generated by a cyclone depend on the direction of its motion. It is shown that the cyclones moving westward generate currents with higher maximum velocities than the cyclones of other directions. It is also demonstrated that the motion of atmospheric disturbances leads to a significant enlargement of the area of propagation of pollutants as compared with the case of action solely of stationary currents. The influence of the velocities of stationary currents on the maximum current velocities caused by the passage of a cyclone is also analyzed.     

The effect of sub-optimal control and the spectral wave climate on the performance of wave energy converter arrays

A linear hydrodynamic model is used to assess the sensitivity of the performance of a wave energy converter (WEC) array to control parameters. It is found that WEC arrays have a much smaller tolerance to imprecision of the control parameters than isolated WECs and that the increase in power capture of WEC arrays is only achieved with larger amplitudes of motion of the individual WECs. The WEC array radiation pattern is found to provide useful insight into the array hydrodynamics. The linear hydrodynamic model is used, together with the wave climate at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC), to assess the maximum annual average power capture of a WEC array. It is found that the maximum annual average power capture is significantly reduced compared to the maximum power capture for regular waves and that the optimum array configuration is also significantly modified. It is concluded that the optimum configuration of a WEC array will be as much influenced by factors such as mooring layout, device access and power smoothing as it is by the theoretical optimum hydrodynamic configuration.     

The relationship between the canonical ENSO and the phase transition of the Antarctic oscillation at the quasi-quadrennial timescale

A correlation analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) at the quasi-quadrennial (QQ) timescale.It is found that the cold tongue index (CTI) and the AAO index (AAOI) are negatively correlated with about a 7-month lead-time,while they are positively correlated with about a 15-month lag-time.To further explore this relationship,complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is employed in the QQ sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies from 1951 to 2002.The results indicate that,during the ENSO cycle,there exists one kind of global tropical wave of wavenumber 1 (GTW1) propagating eastward.With the traveling of GTW1,the tropical SLP anomaly tends to intrude into the southern mid-latitudes.Accordingly,three strong signals travel synchronously along the circumSouth-Pacific path,and a relatively weak signal extends eastward and poleward over the South Ocean in the Atlantic-Indian Ocean sector.Following the propagation of these signals,the AAO phase tends to be reversed progressively.As a result,there exists an evident lead-lag correlation between CTI and AAOI.It can be concluded that ENSO plays a key role in the phase transition of AAO at the QQ timescale.It is also noticed that this regular relationship is only evident in the canonical ENSO events,for which sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend westward from the tropical eastern Pacific.On the other hand,the similar relationships are not found among those atypical ENSO events for which SST anomalies spread eastward from the central Pacific,such as the 1982-1983 ENSO event.     

Cheating about the cod

The Northeast Arctic cod is managed by a total quota shared evenly between Norway and Russia. It appears that Russia has been overfishing its quota by substantial amounts for a number of years, due to insufficient monitoring of fishing vessels. This paper considers what would be the best reply by Norway to given levels of Russian overfishing. It is found that in most cases the best Norwegian reply would be also to overfish its quota. An aggregate biomass model with stochastic growth and recruitment is used to analyze this question, with parameters estimated from 1946 to 2005 data. Recruitment is serially correlated but apparently independent of the spawning stock. A model using the estimated serial correlation in recruitment and a random disturbance is capable of reproducing recruitment patterns similar to the irregular pattern observed since 1946.     

印度洋-太平洋暖池年代际变化及其大气响应

定义了印度洋-太平洋暖池的强度变化指数和面积变化指数,分析了其年代际变化的特征。结果表明：20世纪40年代以前,暖池强度和面积基本没有明显的变化趋势;40-80年代,有一个相对较小的增加趋势;80年代以后至2000年增加的趋势加大。将水平风速分解为无辐散分量和无旋分量,分析了暖池上空大气环流对该暖池年代际变化的响应,发现尽管暖池上空大气环流对该暖池年代际变化的响应并不十分明显,但在特定的季节和特定的对流层高度上这种响应也是明显的。     

Lagrangian Transport by Currents Variable in Time in the Model of Wind-Induced Circulation of the Black Sea

We construct a simple model of seasonal variability of circulation in the Black Sea, which satisfactorily explains the data of altimetric satellite observations. The model is used to describe the nonstationary wind-induced currents in a round basin and study the trajectories of water particles in the surface layer of the sea. It is shown that, for nonstationary currents, these trajectories can be quite complicated. It is also assumed that Lagrangian mixing can be caused by the complex trajectories of water particles.     

Proof of the equivalence of Tanizawa–Berkvens’ and Cointe–van Daalen's formulations for the time derivative of the velocity potential for non-linear potential flow solvers

Dealing with freely-floating bodies in the framework of non-linear potential flow theory may require solving Laplace's equation for the time derivative of the velocity potential. At present, there are two competing formulations for the body boundary condition. The first one was derived by Cointe [1] in 2D. It was later extended to 3D by van Daalen [2]. The second formulation was derived by Tanizawa [3] in 2D. It was extended to 3D by Berkvens [4]. In this paper, a proof is given that the Cointe–van Daalen's and the Tanizawa–Berkvens’ formulations are equivalent. It leads to a simplified version of Cointe–van Daalen's formulation. The formulation is validated against the analytical solution for a moving sphere in an unbounded water domain.     

A possible geochemical mechanism of the conjugation of the carbon and calcium cycles in the ocean

The geochemical balance of carbon in the ocean is considered for the conditions of constant carbonate alkalinity. It is shown that the intrabasin processes result in the annual transformation of 487 million t of organic carbon into calcium-magnesium carbonates, which is accompanied by the extraction of 1628 million t of calcium from silicates. It is concluded that the hypothesis of the reverse weathering based upon the notion of the inversion of the mineral formation processes in the ocean against the overland weathering processes requires a substantial correction.     

A numerical experiment on the anomalous southward intrusion of the Oyashio east of Japan

In recent years, anomalous southward intrusions of the Oyashio have been observed frequently from winter to late spring. A barotropic model is used to see the occurrence of the Oyashio intrusion, with special reference to a short time lag between the change in the wind stress in midwinter and the occurrence of the Oyashio intrusion generally in spring of the same year. It is shown that the barotropic response of the ocean to the change in wind stress is fast, and its representative time scale is about 50 days at most. The southward shift of the Oyashio and the subarctic circulation are simulated quantitatively, when the imposed wind stress is changed from the mean wind stress prior to no Oyashio intrusion to that prior to the Oyashio intrusion. It is suggested that the southward intrusion of the Oyashio is a phenomenon connected with the global change in atmospheric circulation.     

甲藻孢囊研究进展

孢囊的形成是某些海洋甲藻生活史中的重要阶段,尤其是甲藻在不良环境条件下使个体度过逆境的阶段,它对种群的保存和延续有重要的意义.孢囊被普遍认为是赤潮发生的"种源"以及外来种类的主要来源之一,它对赤潮的发生、延续和消亡过程有着重要的作用.大多数的甲藻孢囊具有含孢粉类似物的抗性细胞壁,可以长期保存在底部的沉积物中,所以被广泛地应用于中世纪以来的沉积物生物地层学和古生态学的考察中.对甲藻孢囊的研究,目前是海洋生态学、海洋地质学、海洋环境学的研究热点.本文阐述了国内外近些年来对甲藻孢囊研究的主要进展,内容主要集中在甲藻孢囊的研究方法、形态分类、空间分布、原位动力学以及孢囊与海洋环境关系方面的研究.     

连云港海域废黄河水下三角洲北翼的沉积特征与空间分布

基于连云港海域浅地层剖面资料解释和16个站位柱状岩心的剖面观察、粒度分析、微体化石鉴定、有孔虫和腹足类纹沼螺的AMS 14C年龄,分析废黄河水下三角洲北翼的沉积结构、厚度和沉积物组成,划分沉积单元及其分布范围;识别海侵沉积区的沉积相,认识其沉积环境特征。结果表明,水下三角洲沉积体可分为三角洲前缘和前三角洲两个沉积单元,两者沿连云港海岸线呈并置关系。三角洲前缘位于埒子口至新淮河口外,为一NNE向进积、NW向倾斜的扇形楔状体,可识别出灌河叶瓣及其以东的叶瓣两个沉积中心。该沉积单元以砂质沉积为主,两个叶瓣之间的分流间湾分布有泥和砂质泥。前三角洲位于三角洲前缘西北侧,大致从埒子口外侧沿海岸带向海州湾展布。该单元为泥质沉积,厚度较薄,其北部的两个柱状岩心所揭示的沉积厚度分别为1.8 m和1.5 m。水下三角洲以北,海侵沙席分布广泛,厚度通常在20 cm左右。其分布在本区具有普遍性,只是在连云港海域被黄河泥沙所覆盖,由此也构成了废黄河水下三角洲的底界面。该界面具有侵蚀残留地貌特征。海侵沙席之下为晚更新世MIS 3阶段中早期的海陆过渡相沉积。沉积物多由黄色粉砂或砂质粉砂组成,含有较丰富的有孔虫、介形虫等,可见淡水纹沼螺。     

基于 GIS 的富钴结壳资源量计算系统开发

富钴结壳资源量计算和资源评价是大洋富钴结壳矿区圈定工作的重要内容之一。阐述了基于GIS组件MO构建富钴结壳资源量计算系统的主要功能模块组成和设计思路。该系统利用VC采取面向对象的方法编程,设计开发了富钴结壳资源量计算评价程序,实现了地质块段法等多种计算方法。该系统吸纳了资源评价和矿区圈定中水深、丰度、品位和坡度等几个重要评价指标,可方便地实现钴结壳资源量计算,为大洋富钴结壳矿区圈定和矿产资源开发提供依据和参考。     

东太平洋多金属结核富钡镁锰矿细脉蛋白石层的成因机制

为探讨东太平洋CC区多金属结核中富钡镁锰矿细脉蛋白石层的成因机制,利用矿相显微镜、电子探针和ICP-OES,对蛋白石层及其周围铁锰氧化物进行了显微结构特征和化学成分特征的研究。结果表明:高反射率矿物结晶程度较好,主要由MnO组成,具有高Mn低Fe的特征,为成岩成因的钡镁锰矿。中反射率矿物结晶程度较差,主要由MnO和FeO组成,为水成成因的水羟锰矿。低反射率矿物为一种半透明矿物,主要由SiO₂组成,为生物成因的蛋白石。根据钡镁锰矿、水羟锰矿和蛋白石的成因机制,为蛋白石层及其内部钡镁锰矿细脉的形成过程建立了一个模型,共分为5个生长阶段:第1阶段,结核呈半埋藏状态在氧化环境中形成水羟锰矿;第2阶段,结核呈半埋藏状态接受SiO₂胶体的沉淀作用形成蛋白石层;第3阶段,结核呈半埋藏状态在氧化环境中形成水羟锰矿的同时,其成岩作用和蛋白石的脱水作用使蛋白石层中产生大量的裂缝;第4阶段,结核呈埋藏状态在弱氧化-还原环境中发生交代作用和重结晶作用形成钡镁锰矿;第5阶段,结核呈半埋藏状态形成水羟锰矿。     

基于单片机的海洋要素垂直剖面测量系统的控制电路设计

设计了一种基于AT89C2051单片机的海洋要素垂直剖面测量系统(简称“海马”)的控制电路。实验表明,该控制电路实现了“海马”的核心部件——棘爪机构单向抓紧、阻尼锁定和自由上浮3个状态的控制,方法简单新颖,同时实现了“海马”下潜运动的能量全部来自波浪,上浮依靠自身浮力的目标。     

2009～2010年冬季渤海及黄海北部冰情分析

从冷空气活动及气温变化的角度分析了2009～2010年冬季渤海及黄海北部气候背景状况,发现此冬季渤海及黄海北部沿岸平均气温较多年偏低.通过对海冰冰情的发展与变化状况和各海区严重冰期内冰情分析显示,该冬季渤海及黄海北部为偏重冰年.     

初探我国Argo浮标下潜深度标定

为了使剖面能停留在预定深度,通过水静力学角度对相应的浮标压载标定方法进行研究.试验表明,浮标重量改变1 g,就会造成大约10 m停留深度的变化.论文详细描述了用压力罐进行浮标压载重量标定的方法,并通过一台浮标的压载实验给出浮标配重计算方法.     

The European Atlas of the Seas: Relating Natural and Socio-Economic Elements of Coastal and Marine Environments in the European Union

The European Atlas of the Seas is a web-based information system aimed at the general public, but it is also capable of supporting selected nonspecialist professionals in addressing environmental issues, human activities, and policies related to the coast and sea. It includes a collection of maps and associated fact sheets based on data originating primarily from the European Commission and its agencies, which present a snapshot of key natural and socio-economic elements of the coastal and marine regions of the European Union. It provides a suite of basic instruments for map analysis and data combination to derive ad hoc maritime indicators.