Algorithm for solving 3-D problems of em induction by means of a vector integral equation

Summary An algorithm is presented for solving the problem of electromagnetic induction in a halspace with a 3-D perturbing body under a harmonically variable exciting field. There are analysed properties of the Green's tensor function elements as well as their integrals in elementary prismatic volumes into which the body is divided. The results, obtained from numerical computations, are given for a long highly conducting prism, which is one of the models in the COMMEMI project.

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¶rt; azum u a¶rt;au mazum u¶rt;uu ¶rt; zauu nz ¶rt;az n nnmam m au m. ¶rt;a ma m m uu n ma a, a m a¶rt; a m. nu uu mam mm nm, n¶rt; nu, ¶rt; u ¶rt; nma COMMEMI.

     

Uniform heat flow in a semi-infinite medium disturbed by a body of different thermal conductivity

Summary The approximate solution for the disturbance of a uniform heat flow in a homogeneous semi-infinite medium by an object of different thermal conductivity buried in it is generally used in the interpretation of heat flow anomalies on the ocean bottom. In order to know the accuracy of the approximate solution, a comparison between the approximate solution and the exact solution is given in the case of a very long horizontal cylinder in a semi-infinite medium. The computed results indicate that the two solutions agree to within 10% whend>1.3 and 0.5<<2, whered is ratio of the depth to the radiusR ₀ of the cylinder and is the factor of the contrast of the thermal conductivities between the medium and the body. As for the cases when 1 and 1, the same accuracy can be obtained only whend>2. A similar approach is also applied to the case of a spherical conductor in a semi-infinite medium by using a bispherical harmonic solution. The results of both the bipolar solution and the bispherical solution show that when 1 andd1, the vertical thermal gradient at the surface of the semi-infinite medium is always positive and tends to zero, but a negative vertical gradient may be obtained for the approximate solutions.     

Relevant Magnetic Parameters and Heavy Metals from Relatively Polluted Stream Sediments - Vertical and Longitudinal Distribution Along a Cross-City Stream in Buenos Aires Province,Argentina

Previous magnetic and geochemical studies of stream sediments in the Northeast of Buenos Aires Province, in the Greater La Plata area, have revealed a high level of trace elements, especially lead and zinc. Continuing these preliminary works, new sampling sites were considered in order to improve and increase the magnetic mapping of this area. This part of the study focuses especially on the magnetic properties of sediments from a cross-city stream. Such stream receives a variable pollutant load from urban, industrial and diffuse sources.Concentration-dependent magnetic parameters, magnetic carriers (para, anti and ferrimagnetic) and their features (e.g. softer or harder magnetic carrier, grain size distribution, etc.) have been calculated using magnetic measurements. According to magnetic parameters and heavy metal loads two main distinctive groups of sediment-cores are distinguished. The vertical distribution of sediments reveals a recent anthropogenic influence, possibly, belonging to the last 20-40 years.Four out of all the magnetic parameters (magnetic susceptibility, anhysteric remanent magnetisation, S-ratio and _ARM/) were chosen in order to investigate their relationship with contents of heavy metals. In all the cases, good positive correlations were obtained using linear regression. However, more significant correlation factors were achieved for grain size and magnetic feature-dependent parameters ( _ARM/ and S-ratio) than for magnetic concentration-dependent parameters. Therefore, the _ARM/ and the S-ratio seem to be the most relevant magnetic parameters to describe the vertical and longitudinal distribution of heavy metals present in these stream sediments. The non-significant relationship between heavy metals and concentration-dependent parameters could be explained taking into account the discrimination of the two distinctive groups. The group belonging to the Coastal Plain shows a clear linear trend between heavy metals and magnetic susceptibility and anhysteric remanent magnetisation.     

A numerical study of the heat transfer through a fluid layer with recirculating flow between concentric and eccentric spheres

A numerical study has been made of the heat transfer through a fluid layer with recirculating flow. The outer fluid surface was assumed to be spherical, while the inner surface consisted of a sphere concentrically or eccentrically located with respect to the outer spherical surface. The recirculating flow was assumed to be driven by a gas flow creating stress on the fluid's outer surface so that creeping (low Reynolds number) flow developed in its interior. The present study solves the Stokes equation of motion and the convective diffusion equation in bispherical coordinates and presents the streamline and isotherm patterns.Nomenclature a _i inner sphere radius - a _d outer sphere radius - A ₁ defined by equation (5) - A ₂ defined by equation (6) - B ₁ defined by equation (7) - B ₂ defined by equation (8) - c dimensional factor for bispherical coordinates - C constant in equation (4) - d narrowest distance between the two eccentric spheres - E ² operator defined by equation (1) in spherical coordinates and by equation (21) in bispherical coordinates - G modified vorticity, defined in equation (22) - G ^* non-dimensional modified vorticity, defined in equation (28) - h metric coefficient of bispherical coordinate system, defined in equation (18) - k _w thermal conductivity of water - K ₁ defined by equation (9) - K ₂ defined by equation (10) - N _Re Reynolds number=2a _dU/gn - N _Pe,h Peclet number=2a _dU/ - n integer counter - q heat flux - r radius - r ^* non-dimensional radius=r/a _d - S surface area - t time - t ^* non-dimensional time=t/a _d ² - T temperature - T _o temperature at inner sphere surface - T _a temperature at outer sphere surface - T ^* non-dimensional temperature;=(T–T _o)/(T_a–T_o) - u velocity - u _r radial velocity in spherical coordinates - u angular velocity in spherical coordinates - u radial velocity in bispherical coordinates - u angular velocity in bispherical coordinates - U free stream velocity - u _r ^* =u _r/U - u ^* =u /U - u ^* =u /U - u ^* =u /U Greek symbols a ₁ small displacement - vorticity, defined in equation (17) - ^* non-dimensional vorticity, defined in equation (27) - radial bispherical coordinates - _o bispherical coordinate of inner sphere - _a bispherical coordinate of outer sphere - angular coordinate in spherical coordinates - thermal diffusivity - _w thermal diffusivity of water - kinematic viscosity - angular bispherical coordinate - spherical coordinate - streamfunction - non-dimensional streamfunction for spherical coordinates, = /(U a _d ² ) - ^* non-dimensional streamfunction for bispherical coordinates, defined in equation (26)     

Spherical harmonic analysis and Fourier transformation

Summary The paper deals with the computation of spherical harmonic coefficients from surface measurements of the magnetic or gravity field of the Earth when the measurements are distributed regularly. The Fourier representation of associated Legendre functions which this procedure makes use of, then enables the harmonic analysis to be transformed to Fourier analysis which has better numerical properties.

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ama na ama uu uu uum n nm uu aum uuaumau n u a, ¶rt;a mu uu an ammu ma. ¶rt;mau n a¶rt; , m unm mm n¶rt;¶rt;, nm nmauu aau naam aau , m a¶rt;am uu uumu mau.

     

The relation between the magnitude derived from surface and from body waves for station průhonice

auam aum¶rt;, m u n¶rt; n a¶rt;u u nm a anu, umua a u mauu u 1964–1976 . ¶rt; aum¶rt; ma auau aum¶rt;, n¶rt; uu m .     

On the Upper Bound of the Liquid Core Viscosity

By using Molodensky and Sasao (1995a) and Molodensky and Groten (1998) an approach of expansion in powers of the small parameter =(+)/ (where + and are the frequencies of nutational motion in space and in a mantle-fixed reference frame, respectively, is tidal frequency) a theory of diurnal Earth tides and nutation for a realistic model of the Earth with an inhomogeneous, viscous liquid core and an anelastic mantle is constructed. It is shown that our approach is self-consistent for semi-annual, annual, and principal nutational components (when ||1/180). By comparing the results of modern VLBI-nutational data and the results of our calculations, we have found the region of possible values of the parameters which describe the anelastic properties of the Earth's lower mantle and the viscosity of the liquid core. It is shown that modern VLBI-data are about six orders of magnitude more sensitive to the liquid core viscosity than modern seismic data or Earth free oscillations data.     

The effect of the velocity of the centre of a cyclone on the generation of microseisms

Summary The influence of the velocity of the movement of the centre of the cycloneV _c.c. on the rate of amplitudes' change A/t and periods' change T/t of storm microseisms is investigated. The dependence A/t=k V _c.c. and T/t=k ¹ V _c.c. is obtained. Unmovable depression (V _c.c. =0) does not stipulate the change of A/t and T/t.

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u V _c.c. A/t T/t . A/t=k V _c.c. T/t=¹ V _c.c. . (V _c.c. =0) A/t T/t.

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Presented as a scientific communication to the IASPEI Assembly in Madrid, Sept. 1969.     

Macroseismic observations of earthquake in Yugoslavia (April 15, 1979, 06h21m gmt), on the territory of Czechoslovakia

an¶rt;u am mu 15- an 1979. a auu a mumuu auu.     

The effect of quartz on the magnetic anisotropy of quartzite

Summary The magnetic susceptibility of quartz single crystals is diamagnetic (–14×10 ^–6 in SI units) and exhibits only very small anisotropy (mostly less than 1%); thus the susceptibility of the quartz matrix in quartzite can be regarded as virtually isotropic. Owing to the influence of the negative and isotropic susceptibility of the quartz matrix, the degree of anisotropy of quartzite, as inferred from model calculations, is higher than that of the ferrimagnetic fraction. This influence is very strong if the mean susceptibility of quartzite is in the vicinity of zero.

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uma aa m ¶rt;uaaumu (nuuum–14 × 10 ^–6 um ) u a aumnuu ( 1%). m aum, m nuuum a a auma m m numa namuu umn. amamu ¶rt;uau ¶rt;m, m n nuu uu muam u umn nuuumu a a mn aumnmu auma , mn aumnmu aum auu. m uu au m¶rt;a, ¶rt;a ¶rt;a nuuum ua .

     

Earthquake distribution and volcanism in Kamchatka,Kurile Islands,and Hokkaido Part 3: Southern Kuriles and Hokkaido

Summary The morphology of the Wadati-Benioff zone in the region of Southern Kuriles and Hokkaido, based on the distribution of 4015 earthquake foci, verified the existence of an intermediate depth aseismic gap and its relation to active andesitic volcanism. A paleosubduction zone activated by an intermediate depth collision with the active subduction zone was found and described.

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u Wadati-Benioff amu uu - u a¶rt;, aa a an¶rt;uu 4015 a mu, nm¶rt;ua mau n¶rt; au u amu a¶rt;um au. a a¶rt;a u nuaa a na¶rt;uu, amuuuaa nmu mu amu ¶rt;uu.

     

Influence of the IMF sector boundaries on cosmic rays and tropospheric vorticity

Summary The effect of the IMF sector boundary crossing (IMF SBC) in the vorticity area index (VAI) — the well-known dip in the VAI after IMF SBC — is found to be independent of the IMF SBC effect in the cosmic ray flux. This finding refutes a recent suggestion by Lundstedt [1] that the IMF SBC effect in VAI is caused by a decrease in cosmic ray flux, but supports the concept of the IMF SBC effects in the ionosphere and atmosphere developed by Latovika [2–4]. Cosmic rays seem to affect the troposphere in another way.

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¶rt;mu nu mau nam aum n ( ) a u¶rt; na¶rt;u aumu () — um uu n — a¶rt; auu m ma nm uu . mm mam nam ¶rt;a n¶rt;u ¶rt;m¶rt;a [1], m m a nuu nma uu , n¶rt;¶rt;uam nu m u u am, aum amu [2–4]. am m uu u m um a mn ¶rt;u a.

     

An analytical model of seismic travel times for a spherically asymmetric Earth

Summary A general analytical model for travel times of seismic waves propagating in a radially asymmetric Earth, is suggested. It is represented by a series of irreducible spherical tensor products with bipolar spherical coefficients. The main term of the series describes the travel times in a radially symmetric Earth, the others represent corrections due to the spherical assymmetry. The method of least squares is suggested for determining the bipolar spherical coefficients from observed seismic travel times. Since the proposed theory assumes that the analytical representation is related to the reference earth, the corrections to the non-zero focal depth and non-zero sea-level height of the seismographic station must be introduced.

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aamuam a aaumua ¶rt; ¶rt;¶rt;aa uu a¶rt;ua ¶rt;¶rt; . mm¶rt;a aam u¶rt; ¶rt;a n¶rt;u m unu uuu uumau. ¶rt;a nuam¶rt;a a¶rt;ua ¶rt;¶rt; . ¶rt;u m aam nna a m a¶rt;ua ¶rt;¶rt;mu. ¶rt;aam un uu uum ¶rt; a¶rt;a¶rt;aa a¶rt;um m¶rt; auu a¶rt;am. ¶rt;aaa mu u¶rt;um u n¶rt;nu -unu¶rt;a u. nuam n ¶rt;u nna n¶rt;mau¶rt;aa, a uu aa u m nm a¶rt;u.

     

Expansions of the double product of the global gravity field

Summary Four fundamental forms of expansion of the double product of the gravity function into an infinite series are derived. Two isotropic parts are separated, one is expressed by Legendre polynomials and the other by invariants of Wigner's D-matrices.

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¶rt; m n¶rt;mau ¶rt; au ¶rt; nu¶rt;uaumau uu ¶rt;. ¶rt; ¶rt; umn amu, na aam n nu a¶rt;a u ma n uauam amu ua.

     

Solar magnetic field distribution and geomagnetic activity

Summary Regularities in the solar background magnetic field distribution are described and some of their specific patterns and their structures are studied. The influence of the solar differential rotation on the behaviour of Magnetic Active Longitudes is demonstrated. The origin of some specific details different in both polarities is discussed. The relation of this longitudinal solar magnetic field distribution to the longitudinal distribution of the daily geomagnetic character figures C9 is investigated. Some correlational characteristics are given. The specific Index of Geomagnetic Recurrence is estimated and the changes of its values in time are demonstrated.

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nuam mu an¶rt;uu aum n u uam m u u aam m. am uu ¶rt;uua au a ¶rt; aum amu ¶rt;m. umum nuua nu m nuuu ¶rt;ma u mm a nmun nm. am ¶rt;m an¶rt;u aum n ¶rt;m an¶rt;uaum u. u¶rt;m m u aamumuu m u. n¶rt;m nuuu u¶rt;aum mmu u ¶rt;mum uu uu .

     

Deep structure of the bohemian massif from phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves

Summary Phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves have been measured between the broadband seismic stations KHC (Kaperské Hory, South Bohemia) and KSP (Ksi, Lower Silesia), a profile that nearly coincides with the Interactional DSS Profile VII. The data for both wave types were separately inverted into models of shear-wave velocity versus depth. Novotný's model KHKS 82[1] for the DSS Profile VII was used as a start model. While the crustal section of Novotný's model is compatible with both of our data sets, our Rayleigh-wave data require smaller shear-wave velocities, on the average by 0.24 km/s, in the top 180 km of the mantle. The average difference between Novotný's model and our Love-wave model in that depth range is only 0.06 km/s. If our identification of the observed Love waves as the fundamental mode is correct, this result indicates the presence of polarization anisotropy in the uppermost mantle.

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u a mu u a ¶rt; unu uuu mauu (an , a u) u S (, ua uu). u - S nuuum mmmm ¶rt;a¶rt; nu VII . a ¶rt; u mun m¶rt; umua ¶rt;u auumu mu nn mu. am mam¶rt;u a unaa ¶rt; S 82 m[1] ¶rt; nu VII . a am ¶rt;u m aua uu aau au ¶rt;a, ¶rt;a au ¶rt;a ¶rt; mm uu m nn — ¶rt; a 0,24 / 180 uma amuu. ¶rt;a aua ¶rt; ¶rt; m u a ¶rt; ¶rt; a m ¶rt;uanau n¶rt;mam 0,06 /. u aa u¶rt;muuau a¶rt;a a a ¶rt;ama ¶rt;a m nau, m mm mam u¶rt;ummm numuu nuau aumnuu amuu.

     

Thermo-elastic deformations due to the annual temperature variation at the tidal station in Vyhne

Summary The thermo-elastic deformations due to the annual temperature variation are computed. The time variation of these deformations is compared with the variation of the slow deformations observed at the tidal station in Vyhne.

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u mnu ¶rt;auu, a¶rt; auau mnam nmu a nnmama. ¶rt; mu ¶rt;au a ¶rt; ¶rt; ¶rt;au, u a nuu mauu ().

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Dedicated to RNDr Jan Pícha, CSc on his 70th birthday     

Effects of the imf sector structure in the midlatitude troposphere and stratosphere

Summary The data on geopotential heights and temperatures at 7 pressure levels between 1000-10 hPa above Berlin(52.5 °N, 13.4 °E) are analysed for the winters of 1963–1973. No demonstrable effect of the interplanetary magnetic field sector boundary crossing (IMF SBC) is found in the lower and middle stratosphere, but there is a demonstrable effect in the middle troposphere at the 500 hPa level. This effect is less important than the IMF SBC effect in the tropospheric vorticity area index and seems to be of a different type.

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auum ¶rt;a nnmua m u mnam a 7 nm ¶rt;au ¶rt; 1000-10 a a¶rt; u(52,5 °.., 13,4 °.¶rt;.) ¶rt; u 1963–1973. ua ¶rt;aam m nu mau nam aum n( ) ¶rt;a amu u u ¶rt; mam, ma m a¶rt; ¶rt; mn a 500 a. mm m a, m u¶rt; na¶rt;u aumu am, u am m ¶rt; muna.

     

Radioactive and trace element distribution in basaltic rocks of Lower Silesia

Summary The distribution of radioactive(Th, U, K) and selected trace(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) elements in volcanic rocks from the Opole and Jawor regions of the Lower Silesia has been studied. The behaviour of these elements in the studied rocks indicates that the Lower Silesian volcanic rocks are characterized by less differentiated type than other volcanic rocks of the Bohemian Massif, the Opole rock types probably having a less differentiated character than the Jawor rock types.

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¶rt;a an¶rt;u a¶rt;uamu(Th, U, K) u m ¶rt;u(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) m auu n¶rt;a am n u u uuu. a n mam n¶rt;num, m aum u uuu n¶rt;mam ¶rt; aamuu n¶rt; u ¶rt;uuau, aum u ana¶rt; uu. au a n¶rt;num, m auu n¶rt; amu n ¶rt;uuau ma ua n¶rt; u amu .

     

Numerical modelling of time-harmonic seismic wave fields in simple structures by the Gaussian beam method. Part II

ma ama m n¶rt;u am[1]. u ama, m¶rt;au n unm ¶rt; uuauu ma m nau a¶rt;a. a uau ¶rt;m ma a muna . au mu mamau n [1], m m¶rt;au n ¶rt;am ¶rt;mam m mam ¶rt;a u amu aa mu. aumu amu, uauau n ma nuu ¶rt;a . m am ¶rt;am mumm mam a naama am, aa uu L ₀ au n. aa, m am mam namuu aum m L ₀ . amu aa mu u aumu amu, a m mam n ¶rt; u L ₀ . u uu L ₀ , anum¶rt; ma amu aa mu nuam, nu aua nam m, m uu L ₀ auum. aumu amu, u L ₀ um m uau m a uuu anum¶rt; u, mmmu a. uu L ₀ , uuu nam. ma uam mumm mam ¶rt;a ¶rt;u naama am. uau ¶rt;m ma anum¶rt; u ma muna S, S u SS.