东南极格罗夫山泛非期麻粒岩相变质作用

东南极格罗夫山主要由麻粒岩相高级变质岩和花岗岩类组成，其中变质岩以浅色和暗色含斜方辉石长英质片麻岩占主导地位，夹有少量镁铁质麻粒岩、变沉积岩和含方柱石钙硅酸盐岩。这些岩石一般都展示了平衡的矿物共生结构，但在镁铁质麻粒岩的单斜辉石中普遍发育斜方辉石(易变辉石)的出溶片晶。根据出溶辉石的重组分析获得麻粒岩相变质作用的峰期温度约为850℃，而浅色片麻岩中的石榴子石—斜方辉石—斜长石—石英组合给出的变质压力为0．61～0．67GPa。镁铁质麻粒岩中火成亚钙质普通辉石斑晶的保存表明格罗夫山地区可能只发育单一的泛非期高温麻粒岩相变质事件，岩石在高温变质之后经历了缓慢冷却过程，这主要归因于花岗质岩浆的板底垫托作用。     

麻粒岩相条件下熔融反应与矿物相转变机制的实验研究

麻粒岩相条件下石榴黑云斜长片麻岩实验结果表明,含水矿物黑云母(Bi)脱水熔融、长英质矿物部分熔融的性质主要受控于温度条件;而矿物相转变不仅受控于温压条件,而且与脱水熔融、部分熔融存在密切成因联系。依据Bi脱水熔融性质和石榴石(Gi)转变反应特征,可划分以下三个阶段:(1)当温度在700℃时,Bi转变为钛铁矿(Ilm)+磁铁矿(Mt)+H_2O,Gt转变为Mt,(2)当温度在730—760℃,Bi脱水熔融为富K_2O熔体(Melt)+Ilm+Mt,Gt转变为紫苏辉石(Hy)+堇青石(Crd);(3)当温度大于790℃时,Bi脱水熔融为Melt+Hy+Ilm+Mt+H_2O,Gt则转变为Hy+尖晶石(Sp)+Crd组合。熔体比例和熔体演化特征除受温压条件控制外,与长英质矿物部分熔融程度和脱水熔融性质关系密切。实验结果显示,在麻粒岩相变质作用以及与其相伴随的重熔作用(或区域性混合岩化作用)过程中,不仅存在传统的固相+固相(或流体相)的反应和脱水熔融反应,而且存在熔体参与的变质反应(即:未熔矿物与熔体之间的反应)。该项实验对深入探讨麻粒岩相矿物演化的成因机制及其动力学意义提供可靠的实验依据。     

麻粒岩相条件下蠕状石成因的一种解释

关于蠕状石的成因，施工地质学家提出各种不同的成因假说，多数人认为是交代生成的。根据蠕状石总是产在麻粒岩相变质岩和相应的混合岩中，并常出现于斜长石，正长石和石英的接触部位，含蠕状石的斜长石的折射率低于不含蠕状石的斜工石以及近年来花岗质岩和石熔融实验研究获得的成果，笔者认为，蠕状石是在麻粒岩相变质条件下，由溶熔作用在变质岩中局部产生的花岗质熔浆于冷却结晶过程中最后共结产生的。     

大别山铙钹寨被麻粒岩相变质作用改造的变质超镁铁岩体：石榴辉石岩证据

对大别山铙钹寨超镁铁岩体中石榴辉石岩的研究表明，铙钹寨岩体经历了从尖晶石－富铝辉石相（750度，1．1GPa)，尖晶石－石榴石相（850度，1．5GPa)到麻粒岩相（800度，0．85GPa)的变质演化，该岩体与南大别超高压变质杂岩的演化过程存在很大差异，它基本上处于一较高温地热体制之下，属于南大别俯冲陆壳的上盘杂岩，铙钹寨岩体及其它超镁铁岩体的普遍麻粒岩化与区域麻粒岩相的相关性可能说明大别变质基底已被彻底改造，北大别（安徽省内）目前所展示的高级变质作用仅是印支期后麻粒岩相变质事件的反映。     

论矿物改造机制研究

矿物改造机制是容易被岩矿研究人员忽视的“成因矿物学”新领域之一,主要涉及矿物诞生之后的变化过程.变形矿物及岩石显微构造定性研究已经发展成熟,但造岩矿物显微构造变形与流体运动学和动力学关系的定量研究仍是地学前缘问题.从解析构造学原理出发,将国内外定量研究问题概括出三方面:(1)变形-变质期次与同变形变质温压计;(2)利用同位素年代学分析某期次变形年龄;(3)某期次矿物蠕变机制、差异应力估算及岩石流动定律.并从理论和应用两方面评述了一些实例,认为建立“成因矿物学”实验室,对于系统研究矿物学问题具有重要意义.     

内蒙古太古宙麻粒岩相岩石中辉石特征和结晶温压条件

辉石是本区的主要造岩矿物,在麻粒岩相岩石中分布比较广泛。综合研究表明,本区斜方辉石的一个显著特征是普遍较富铁,从含铁量的变化范围来看,矿物的含铁量和岩石中的含铁量大致呈正相关关系。单斜辉石中FeO、MgO、CaO的含量变化较小,从化学成分上对比,单斜辉石MgO的含量与斜方辉石MgO含量都受岩石成分所控制。本文所研究的两种辉石均属平衡共生关系,据二辉石矿物对获得本区麻粒岩相变质作用的温度为800-900℃,压力为(7—10)×108Pa。     

Discovery and Genetic Mechanism of Basic Granulite in the Altay Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, NW China

Altay granulite (AG), which represents the product of high-grade metamorphism in the lower crust, was newly found in the Wuqiagou area, Fuyun County in the Altay orogenic belt, Northwest China. It is composed mainly of hypersthene, augite, basic plagioclase, amphibole and brown biotite. Its mineral compositions of amphibole and biotite are rich in Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) and Ti. Geochemically, the AG is enriched in Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) and A12O3, and poor in CaO, with depletion of U, Th, K and Rb contents. Furthermore, geochemical data reflect that the protolith of the AG is igneous-genetic calc-alkaline basalt formed under an island arc environment. The AG has ZREE of 92.38-96.58 ppm and enriched LREE model with weak positive Eu anomaly of 1.09-1.15. In the MORB normalized spider diagram, the AG shows tri-doming pattern with a strong negative Nb anomaly and medium negative P and Ti anomalies, reflecting that the AG has tectonic relation with subduction or subduction-related materials. The P-T conditions of peak metamorphi     

Geochronological Study of Caledonian Granulite and High-Pressure Gneiss in the Dabie Mountains

Using the single-zircon evaporation technique and U-Pb method, the authors have conducted an isotope geochonological study of the Huilanshan granulite and Shima garnet-bearing plagioclase gneiss (" country rocks" of the Shima eclogite) in the Dabie Mountains. The study shows that these rocks have peak metamorphic ages of 443-455 Ma, which are essentially consistent with that of the Caledonian high-ultrahigh pressure eclogites. This indicates the existence of the Caledonian collisional orogeny in the Dabie Mountains.     

山东省沂水地区麻粒岩相变质作用演化及大地构造意义

山东沂水麻粒岩相岩石出露于断裂带中,它是断裂带中最古老的岩石。主要岩石类型有孔兹岩（石榴石－石英－条纹长石－夕线石片麻岩）、紫苏辉石麻粒岩（紫苏辉石－斜长石－厂长央片麻岩）以及紫苏花岗岩等。根据矿物共生组合、变质反应,温压条件得出本区麻粒岩相岩石经历了五个阶段的变质作用,前阶段为角闪岩相变质作用,温度条件为Ｔ＝５７５℃￣６００℃,Ｐ＝０．５９ＧＰａ;峰期他阶段经历了五个阶段的变质作用,峰前阶段为角     

怀安—大同一带基性麻粒岩变质反应序列与水活度

晋冀蒙三省交界的怀安－大同一带基性麻粒岩有保存完好的变质反应结构。依据岩相学特征,可在基性麻粒岩中区分出四个世代的矿物组合：①峰前阶段（Ｍ１）以包裹在石榴石或紫苏辉石中的Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ、Ｃｐｘ＋Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ组合为代表,Ｔ为６００℃～７００℃,Ｐ为０．７０～０．８２ＧＰａ,相应的ａＨ２Ｏ值为０．５０～０．６２;②峰期阶段（Ｍ２）以三联点结构的基质矿物为特征,组合为Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ＋Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ、Ｇｔ＋Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ＋Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ±Ｑｚ,Ｔ为７５０℃～８５０℃,Ｐ为０．８４～１．０５ＧＰａ,相应的水活度降至０．３９～０．５２;③峰后近等温减压阶段（Ｍ３）以石榴石普遍转变为Ｏｐｘ＋Ｐｌ±Ｍｔ及角闪石转变为Ｏｐｘ＋Ｃｐｘ后成合晶为特征,Ｔ为７００℃～７８０℃,Ｐ为０．５０～０．７０ＧＰａ,相应的ａＨ２Ｏ值降至０．０８～０．１１;④至降温阶段（Ｍ４）,以无水矿物石榴石、辉石退变为Ｈｂ＋Ｐｌ组合为代表,Ｔ为５３０℃～６３０℃,Ｐ为０．３０～０．４２ＧＰａ,ａＨ２Ｏ值再次升至０．３７～０．４０。研究表明,矿物组合演化和所发生的（脱水）变质反应不仅受ＰＴ条件的控制,而且与体系水活度密切相关     

喜马拉雅造山带中段麻粒岩构造侵位过程中变质变形演化

喜马拉雅造山带中段麻粒岩绝大多数呈透镜状、布丁体等弱应变域断续产出,强应变带围岩往往发育糜棱面理和构造片理。部分麻粒岩经历了强烈的韧性剪切构造变形,形成剪切透镜体,并且明显受韧性剪切带控制,显示成带分布、局部集中的特点。根据矿物组合可将产出的麻粒岩分为4种麻粒岩,其主要组成矿物如斜方辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石、角闪石以及石榴石等均不同程度地发生扭折、压扁、拉长扭曲、亚颗粒化及边缘强烈动态重结晶等强烈塑性显微构造变形特征。研究分析表明,麻粒岩的产出与重熔花岗岩的侵位及藏南伸展拆离断层活动有关,在喜马拉雅造山带强烈伸展快速抬升造山的绝热降压大陆动力学过程中,下地壳基性麻粒岩以较快的速率上升到地表,而下地壳层流作用、造山带伸展-隆升-造山导致麻粒岩相变质作用。     

橄榄石的后尖晶石相变研究进展

橄榄石在高温高压条件下分解为钙钛矿和方镁石(后尖晶石相变),这是地幔中最为重要的相变之一,被认为是660KM地震波速间断面的成因。现今所取得的重要进展表现在3个方面:①MG_2SI O_4的后尖晶石相变的原位X射线高温高压实验研究;②水、AL_2O_3以及压力标尺对后尖晶石相变的影响效应;③下地幔条件下地幔岩组分中的后尖晶石相变。在对研究进展进行概述的基础上,对目前存在的问题进行了分析并提出未来可能的研究方向。     

Genetic Mechanism of Mineral Inclusions in Zircons from the Khondalite Series, Southeastern Inner Mongolia

The early Precambrian khondalite series is widely distributed in the Jining-Zhuozi-Fengzhen-Liangcheng area, southeastern Inner Mongolia. The khondalite series mainly consists of sillimanite garnet potash feldspar (or two-feldspar) gneiss and garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss. These gneissic rocks have commonly experienced granulite-facies metamorphism. In zircons separated from sillimanite garnet potash feldspar gneisses, many mineral inclusions, including Sil, Grt, Ky, Kfs, Qtz and Ap, have been identified by the Laser Raman spectroscopy. Generally, prograde metamorphic mineral inclusion assemblages such as Ky + Kfs + Qtz + Ap and Ky + Grt + Kfs + Qtz are preserved in the core of zircon, while peak granulite-facies metamorphic minerals including Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz and Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz + Ap are identified in the mantle and rim of the same zircon. However, in some zircons are only preserved the peak metamorphic minerals such as Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz and Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz + Ap from core to ri     

动态熔融过程中岩石的剪切压熔作用及变形-熔融结构模型

本文以细粒辉长岩、中粒花岗岩、细粒斜长角闪岩和二辉麻粒岩等几种岩石类型为实验样品,进行了高温高压条件下岩石的变形、熔融试验。通过对实验样品详细的变形、熔融特征研究和应力应变分析,得出了共轭扇式变形-熔融模型可能更能反映自然实际条件下动力变形、熔融的平面分布特征。在动力熔融概念和分层熔融模式提出的基础上,本文提出如下几点设想:1岩石圈脆-韧性转变域内的岩石在构造动力条件下可发生动力熔融,并且其平面分布呈共轭扇式变形-熔融结构展布;其作用机理为剪切压熔机制控制下的各种有利促熔条件控熔。2动力熔融概念的提出,大大扩展了熔融的发生域和岩浆源地的分布范围,使得熔融或岩浆的产生不再只限于上地幔或壳幔边界,而是分布在一个相当宽广的温压和组分范围内,其热力来源也不再只受地温梯度控制,而是有热力、动力两种来源。3在造山带分层熔融模式提出的基础上,重新分析了岛弧钙碱性安山岩、类埃达克岩、同构造花岗岩的成因问题,提出了岛弧钙碱性安山岩的分层熔融混合岩浆成因和类埃达克岩、同构造花岗岩的动力熔融成因;并提出了裂谷拉伸环境可能存在分层熔融模式和有关分层熔融模式多类型的设想。     

东海超高压变质带花岗质片麻岩的岩石学及其成因特征

东海地区的花岗质岩石主要由二长花岗质片麻岩、角碱长花岗质片麻岩和霓石二长花岗质片麻岩组成。根据该类岩石区域产状、化学成分、稀土和微量元素特征,结合前人理论和实验资料,确定研究区花岗质片麻岩是由云母片麻岩类岩石,在超高压变质作用峰期(M2)及近等温减压初期阶段(M3),于相对富水流体体系中经深熔作用而成。该项研究对于深入探讨苏鲁超高压变质带变质作用-岩浆作用相互间的成因关系及其动力学过程有着重要的科学意义     

储层中蒙脱石碱溶相变缩膨实验研究

蒙脱石作为常见的粘土矿物,广泛存在于含油气盆地中。针对由于蒙脱石具有强烈亲水性,遇水体积可膨胀至原体积的数倍甚至数十倍,从而造成油气储层的水敏损害这一实际问题,对蒙脱石在强碱条件下发生结构变化与物相转变,实现降低其亲水性进行了详细的实验研究。探讨了天然钙基蒙脱石与天然钠基蒙脱石在80℃,1 mol/L KOH溶液中所发生的相变过程;通过XRD、SEM、TEM等测试手段分析查明其碱溶相变最终产物主要是微米级纤维状、柱状、颗粒状的菱沸石和麦钾沸石,均为不具膨胀性的架状硅酸盐矿物;最后通过自由膨胀实验证实蒙脱石碱溶产物膨胀性较原矿物显著降低。研究成果为转化油气盆地中"水敏性"粘土矿物,降低油气储层水敏损害,保护储层与提高采收率,提供了新的思路。     

Metamorphism and granite genesis in the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt, Hokkaido, Japan

The Main Zone of the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt is an uplifted crustal section of island-arc type. The crust was formed during early Tertiary time, as a result of collision between two arc–trench systems of Cretaceous age. The crustal metamorphic sequence is divided into four metamorphic zones (I–IV), in which zone IV is in the granulite facies. A detailed study of the evolution of the Hidaka Belt, based on a revised P–T–t analysis of the metamorphic rocks, notably a newly found staurolite-bearing granulite, confirms a prograde isobaric heating path, after a supposed event of tectonic thickening of accretionary sedimentary and oceanic crustal rocks. During the peak metamorphic event (c. 53 Ma), the regional geothermal gradient attained 33–40° C km^?1, and the highest P–T condition obtained from the lowest part of the granulite unit is 830° C, 7 kbar. In this part, X_H2O of Gt–Opx–Cd gneiss is about 0.15 and that of Gt–Cd–Bt gneiss is 0.4. The P–T–X_H2O condition of the granulite unit is well within a field where fluid-present partial melting of pelitic and greywacke metamorphic rocks takes place. This is in harmony with the restitic nature of the Gt–Opx–Cd gneiss in the lowest part of the granulite unit. The possibility that partial melting took place in the Main Zone is significant for the genesis of the peraluminous (S-type) granitic rocks within it. The S-type granitic rocks in this zone are Opx–Gt–Bt tonalite in the granulite zone, Gt–Cd–Bt tonalite in the amphibolite zone, and Cd–Bt–Mus tonalite in the Bt–Mus gneiss zone. The mineralogical and chemical nature of these strongly peraluminous tonalitic rocks permit them to be regarded as having been derived from S-type granitic magma generated by crustal anatexis of pelitic metamorphic rocks in deeper crust.     

多孔介质中甲烷水合物相变过程模拟实验研究

天然气水合物相变过程不仅对沉积层温度场产生影响,也会改变沉积层介电常数等物理性质,深入研究水合物相变过程对周围环境的影响对今后水合物资源开发利用以及水合物地质灾害控制评估等方面都有重要的意义。通过使用专门设计的水合物模拟实验装置,综合采用二维温度梯度和时域反射等方法对甲烷水合物生成及分解过程进行监测。结果显示：水合物合成过程中甲烷水合物合成受气源和过冷度等因素影响,当气源充足时,水合物优先在过冷度大的区域合成,否则水合物优先在气源充足的区域合成;水合物相变过程引起周围多孔介质介电常数发生改变,并可据此计算沉积层中水合物饱和度;水合物稳定性受热刺激影响明显,含水合物多孔介质传热效率与热源距离成二次函数的衰减规律。     

高温高压下闪长岩的相变与纵波波速

利用脉冲透射-反射法,在YJ-3000 t高压装置弹性波速测量系统上,测量了0.6、1.0和2.0 GPa,最高1141℃条件下闪长岩的纵波波速(vp)。结果显示,高压下闪长岩的vp随温度升高首先缓慢降低,分别到769℃(0.6 GPa)、810℃(1.0 GPa)和925℃(2.0 GPa)后转而快速下降。实验产物观测显示,0.6 GPa下岩石在758℃时发生脱水熔融并有新生单斜辉石生成,1.0 GPa和2.0 GPa下,闪长岩分别在865℃和921℃的实验产物中出现熔体,新生矿物有单斜辉石和石榴子石。温度升高导致闪长岩中熔体含量增加,斜长石、角闪石和绿泥石等逐渐减少直至消失,单斜辉石和石榴子石呈先增加后减少趋势。探针分析显示,熔体含水量较高,且随温度升高熔体成分向基性方向演化。单斜辉石化学成分变化不明显,2.0 GPa下,随温度从1030℃升高到1138℃,新生石榴子石成分逐渐向钙铝榴石变化。vp变化和熔体含量关系表明,熔体含量增加导致了闪长岩在高温阶段波速的持续快速降低。     

Deep in the Heart of Dixie: Pre-Alleghanian Eclogite and HP Granulite Metamorphism in the Carolina Terrane, South Carolina, USA

The central part of the Carolina terrane in western South Carolina comprises a 30 to 40 km wide zone of high grade gneisses that are distinct from greenschist facies metavolcanic rocks of the Carolina slate belt (to the SE) and amphibolite facies metavolcanic and metaplutonic rocks of the Charlotte belt (to the NW). This region, termed the Silverstreet domain, is characterized by penetratively deformed felsic gneisses, granitic gneisses, and amphibolites. Mineral assemblages and textures suggest that these rocks formed under high‐pressure metamorphic conditions, ranging from eclogite facies through high‐P granulite to upper amphibolite facies. Mafic rocks occur as amphibolite dykes, as metre‐scale blocks of coarse‐grained garnet‐clinopyroxene amphibolite in felsic gneiss, and as residual boulders in deeply weathered felsic gneiss. Inferred omphacite has been replaced by a vermicular symplectite of sodic plagioclase in diopside, consistent with decompression at moderate to high temperatures and a change from eclogite to granulite facies conditions. All samples have been partially or wholly retrograded to amphibolite assemblages. We infer the following P‐T‐t history: (1) eclogite facies P‐T conditions at ≥ 1.4 GPa, 650–730 °C (2) high‐P granulite facies P‐T conditions at 1.2–1.5 GPa, 700–800 °C (3) retrograde amphibolite facies P‐T conditions at 0.9–1.2 GPa and 720–660 °C. This metamorphic evolution must predate intrusion of the 415 Ma Newberry granite and must postdate formation of the Charlotte belt and Slate belt arcs (620 to 550 Ma). Comparison with other medium temperature eclogites and high pressure granulites suggests that these assemblages are most likely to form during collisional orogenesis. Eclogite and high‐P granulite facies metamorphism in the Silverstreet domain may coincide with a ≈570–535 Ma event documented in the western Charlotte belt or to a late Ordovician‐early Silurian event. The occurrence of these high‐P assemblages within the Carolina terrane implies that, prior to this event, the western Carolina terrane (Charlotte belt) and the eastern Carolina terrane (Carolina Slate belt) formed separate terranes. The collisional event represented by these high‐pressure assemblages implies amalgamation of these formerly separate terranes into a single composite terrane prior to its accretion to Laurentia.